The Swine Industry

1
The Swine Industry
2
Objectives

• Understand importance of the swine industry
• Overview of the structure of the swine industry
• Become familiar with terms
• Breeds

3
Swine Industry Structural Overview

• Concentrated in the Midwest
• Area of major corn and soybean production
• Major feed ingredients- complementary of each
  other

4
Corn Production
Primary Energy Source Corn
5
Soybean Production
Primary Protein Source Soybean
6
Concentration in Midwest

• Why not expand?
• Environmental Issues/Concerns
• Why Midwest?
• Large open land mass
• Sparse population
• Receptive to agriculture
• Precedent Feedlots

7
Vertical Integration

• What is vertical integration?
• Integrating several stages of production into
  single management of one organization

Seedstock
Farrow to Finish
Packer/Processor
8
Sectors of the Swine Industry

• Seedstock Production
• Sell breeding stock (boars and gilts)
• Supply the genetic base for change
• Traditional Producers produce purebred stock for
  use in crossbreeding programs
• Hybrid carefully orchestrated crossbred

9
Feeder Pig Production

• Maintain breeding herd
• Product sold feeder pigs
• 40 to 60 lbs.
• 2 months of age

10
Farrowing

• Process of sow/gilt giving birth
• Farrowing stalls
• Protect baby pig
• Provide dual heat
• Drip coolers for sow
• Heat pads/lamps for pigs

11
Feeder Pig Production

• Production Factors
• Reproductive Performance
• Average of 2.5 litters/yr
• Weaned litter size of 10-12 pigs
• 21 day litter weight- reflects milk production

12
Feeder Pig Production

• Reproductive Traits are lowly heritable
• Must properly manage the environment
• Minimize disease
• Provide disease adequate nutrition

13
Grower-Finisher Operations

• Purchase Feeder Pigs
• Product sold market hogs
• Sold at 250 lbs
• 5-6 months of age
• Average daily Gain (ADG) 2 lbs
• Feed Conversion 3 lbs of feed to 1 lb of gain

14
Grower-Finisher Operations

• Whos leaner? Gilts or Barrows
• Who eats more feed? Gilts or Barrows
• Who grows faster? Gilts or Barrows
• Who is more efficient? Gilts or Barrows

15
Terms

• Gilt Young Female
• Sow Mature Female
• Boar pig Young, Intact Male
• Boar Mature, Intact Male
• Barrow Young, Castrated Male
• Stag Mature, Castrated Male

16
Terms

• Farrowing Act of giving birth
• Weaning Withdrawing young from mothers milk

17
Landrace

• White
• Long Bodied
• Floppy Ears
• Mothering Ability

18
Berkshire

• Black with 6 white points
• Carcass

19
Duroc

• Red
• Floppy Ears
• Mothering ability
• Growth Rate

20
Hampshire

• Black with white belt
• Erect Ears
• Muscle and Carcass Leaness

21
Spotted

• Black and white
• Has Spots!
• Efficient Gains