Travel Michigan

1
The 2006 Economic Impact of Visitor Expenditures
on Northern New York State April, 2007
2
Table of Contents
The 2006 Results

• Northern New York State
• Adirondack Region
• Thousand Islands Seaway
• For Each Area
• Total Overnight Visitors
• Total Visitor Expenditures
• Economic Impact

3

• Results can be found at
• www.nnytourismresearch.org
• under Reports section

4
Adirondack Region Thousand Islands/Seaway
Clinton Jefferson
Essex Oswego Franklin St.
Lawrence Hamilton Herkimer Lewis
Warren
Northern New York State
5
Purpose of Study

• To measure the economic benefits derived by
  Northern New York residents and governments from
  the dollars spent in the region by tourists.

6
What is Economic Impact?

• Begins when a visitor spends any amount of money
  on a product/service
• Direct Impact - used to earn income, pay wages
  taxes
• Indirect Impact earned used by employees
  businesses to make additional purchases

7
What is a Tourist?

• Anyone who visits the area while traveling
  outside of their normal routine and spends money.
• If someone is staying here for more than 30 days
  or in contracted lodging, they are not considered
  a tourist.

8
How was the study done?

• Bottom Up Approach
• Ask tourists what they are spending while they
  are here.

9
Three Surveys Used

• Lodging Activity 1,183 properties interviewed
  in NNY
• Resident Surveys 413 households interviewed in
  NNY
• Visitor Expenditure Surveys 878 conducted in
  NNY at over 60 sites

10
Input/Output Model

• Special industry model created specifically for
  NNY uses total tourist expenditures to determine
  economic impact estimates for each county.
• T-MAP-I Input/Output economic impact model used.

11
Other Information Obtained

• Number of Properties
• Number of Rooms
• Average Daily Rates Occupancy Rates
• Party Size
• Length of Stay
• Purpose of Trip Business/Pleasure
• Guest Origin

12
Visitor Expenditures

• Food
• Shopping
• - General
• - Tourist
• Liquor
• Historic
• Sightseeing
• Event Fees

• Sport Fees
• Cultural
• Evening Entertainment
• Licenses
• Sweepstakes
• Lodging
• Ground Transportation
• Other

13
Northern New York State
14
Northern New York State

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 5.081 Million
• 2003 4.996 Million
• Person Visits One person making one stay in
  one accommodation.

15
Northern New York State
2006 Overnight Person Visits
5.081 Million
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
16
Northern New York State

• Average expenditure per person per day
• 2006 2003
• Hotel/motel/resort guests 139.16 116.95
• Cabin/cottage guests 98.93 82.22
• Campground guests 76.18 62.24
• Visiting friends and relatives 81.23
  72.86
• Day trippers 50.63 29.64

17
Northern New York State
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
1,694,613,811 2003 1,571,922,136 Both
overnight and day visitors
18
Northern New York State

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 1,694.61 Million (1.69 Billion)
19
Northern New York State

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 1,694.61 Million (1.69 Billion)
20
Northern New York State
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 1,694.61 Million (1.69 Billion)
21
Northern New York State
2006 Economic Impact
22
Northern New York State
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact
27,259 27,209 Indirect Impact 7,704
9,790 Total Impact 34,963 36,999
23
Northern New York State
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 458,583,000
481,372,000 Indirect Impact 204,273,000
264,863,000 Total Impact 662,856,000
746,235,000
24
Northern New York State
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 106,304,000
129,903,000 Indirect Impact 43,628,000
57,012,000 Total Impact 149,932,000
186,915,000
25
Northern New York State
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 71,875,000
94,805,000 Indirect Impact 43,015,000
52,917,000 Total Impact 114,890,000 147,722,
000
26
Northern New York State

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 19
• Local resident taxes would have increased 737
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

27
ClintonEssex Franklin Hamilton Herkimer
Lewis Warren
Adirondack Region
28
Adirondack Region

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 3.459 Million
• 2003 3.353 Million

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
29
Adirondack Region
2006 Overnight Person Visits
3.459 Million
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
30
Adirondack Region
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
1,249,906,223 2003 1,213,244,514 Both
overnight and day visitors
31
Adirondack Region

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 1,249.91 Million (1.25 Billion)
32
Adirondack Region

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 1,249.91 Million (1.25 Billion)
33
Adirondack Region
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 1,249.91 Million (1.25 Billion)
34
Adirondack Region
2006 Economic Impact
35
Adirondack Region
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact
20,171 19,371 Indirect Impact 6,076
5,775 Total Impact 26,247 25,146
36
Adirondack Region
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 355,750,000
359,645,000 Indirect Impact 164,210,000
163,158,000 Total Impact 519,960,000
522,803,000
37
Adirondack Region
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 76,678,000
83,091,000 Indirect Impact 33,250,000
33,682,000 Total Impact 109,920,000
116,773,000
38
Adirondack Region
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 50,733,000
58,609,000 Indirect Impact 33,050,000
33,380,000 Total Impact 83,790,000
91,989,000
39
Adirondack Region

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 23
• Local resident taxes would have increased 916
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

40
Clinton County
41
Clinton County

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 496,195
• 2003 455,351
• Person Visits One person making one stay in
  one accommodation. For Clinton County
  cabins/cottages have been combined with
  motels/hotels/resorts

42
Clinton County
2006 Overnight Person Visits
496,195
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
43
Clinton County
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
121,136,470 2003 108,375,117 Both overnight
and day visitors
44
Clinton County

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 121.14 Million
45
Clinton County

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 121.14 Million
46
Clinton County
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 121.14 Million
47
Clinton County
2006 Economic Impact
48
Clinton County
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 2,027
2,110 Indirect Impact 659 687
Total Impact 2,686 2,797
49
Clinton County
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 31,950,000
34,914,000 Indirect Impact 16,035,000
17,570,000 Total Impact 47,985,000
52,484,000
50
Clinton County
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 8,041,000
9,217,000 Indirect Impact 3,435,000
3,754,000 Total Impact 11,476,000
12,971,000
51
Clinton County
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 5,267,000
6,342,000 Indirect Impact 3,259,000
3,565,000 Total Impact 8,526,000
9,907,000
52
Clinton County

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 13
• Local resident taxes would have increased 422
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

53
Essex County
54
Essex County

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 741,908
• 2003 737,652

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
55
Essex County
2006 Overnight Person Visits
741,908
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
56
Essex County
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
306,984,109 2003 276,053,346 Both overnight
and day visitors
57
Essex County

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 306.98 Million
58
Essex County

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 306.98 Million
59
Essex County
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 306.98 Million
60
Essex County
2006 Economic Impact
61
Essex County
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 4,266
4,415 Indirect Impact 1,139 1,183 Total
Impact 5,405 5,598
62
Essex County
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 82,881,000
90,457,000 Indirect Impact 30,023,000
32,804,000 Total Impact 112,904,000
123,261,000
63
Essex County
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 18,131,000
20,757,000 Indirect Impact 7,376,000
8,044,000 Total Impact 25,507,000
28,801,000
64
Essex County
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 12,613,000
15,132,000 Indirect Impact 7,428,000
8,106,000 Total Impact 20,041,000
23,238,000
65
Essex County

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 38
• Local resident taxes would have increased 1,916
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

66
Franklin County
67
Franklin County

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 321,019
• 2003 305,604

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
68
Franklin County
2006 Overnight Person Visits
321,019
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
69
Franklin County
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
88,555,838 2003 82,905,833 Both overnight
and day visitors
70
Franklin County

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 88.56 Million
71
Franklin County

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 88.56 Million
72
Franklin County
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 88.56 Million
73
Franklin County
2006 Economic Impact
74
Franklin County
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 1,570
1,563 Indirect Impact 400 402 Total
Impact 1,970 1,965
75
Franklin County
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 24,798,000
25,993,000 Indirect Impact 9,573,000
10,092,000 Total Impact 34,371,000
36,085,000
76
Franklin County
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 8,014,000
8,558,000 Indirect Impact 2,542,000
2,668,000 Total Impact 10,556,000
11,226,000
77
Franklin County
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 5,230,000
5,926,000 Indirect Impact 2,447,000
2,568,000 Total Impact 7,677,000
8,494,000
78
Franklin County

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 19
• Local resident taxes would have increased 626
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

79
Hamilton County
80
Hamilton County

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 207,966
• 2003 177,734

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
81
Hamilton County
2006 Overnight Person Visits
207,966
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
82
Hamilton County
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
69,011,293 2003 59,318,173 Both overnight
and day visitors
83
Hamilton County

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 69.01 Million
84
Hamilton County

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 69.01 Million
85
Hamilton County
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 69.01 Million
86
Hamilton County
2006 Economic Impact
87
Hamilton County
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 1,047
1,126 Indirect Impact 147 158 Total
Impact 1,194 1,284
88
Hamilton County
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 17,708,000
20,073,000 Indirect Impact 2,682,000
3,026,000 Total Impact 20,390,000
23,099,000
89
Hamilton County
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 4,928,000
5,908,000 Indirect Impact 1,774,000
2,007,000 Total Impact 6,702,000
7,915,000
90
Hamilton County
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 3,574,000
4,563,000 Indirect Impact 1,397,000
1,582,000 Total Impact 4,971,000
6,145,000
91
Hamilton County

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 59
• Local resident taxes would have increased 3,351
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

92
Herkimer County
93
Herkimer County

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 182,263
• 2003 156,561

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
94
Herkimer County
2006 Overnight Person Visits
182,263
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
95
Herkimer County
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
59,115,762 2003 51,632,193 Both overnight
and day visitors. Expenditures calculated for
the Town of Webb in Herkimer County.
96
Herkimer County

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 59.12 Million
97
Herkimer County

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 59.12 Million
98
Herkimer County
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 59.12 Million
99
Herkimer County
2006 Economic Impact
100
Herkimer County
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 944
1,018 Indirect Impact 182 194 Total
Impact 1,126 1,212
101
Herkimer County
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 15,170,000
17,021,000 Indirect Impact 4,357,000
4,884,000 Total Impact 19,527,000
21,905,000
102
Herkimer County
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 5,297,000
6,266,000 Indirect Impact 1,521,000
1,703,000 Total Impact 6,818,000
7,969,000
103
Herkimer County
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 3,431,000
4,244,000 Indirect Impact 1,380,000
1,548,000 Total Impact 4,811,000
5,792,000
104
Herkimer County

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 11
• Local resident taxes would have increased 310
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

105
Lewis County
106
Lewis County

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 154,555
• 2003 147,581

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
107
Lewis County
2006 Overnight Person Visits
154,555
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
108
Lewis County
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
37,007,551 2003 36,140,689 Both overnight
and day visitors.
109
Lewis County

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 37.01 Million
110
Lewis County

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 37.01 Million
111
Lewis County
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 37.01 Million
112
Lewis County
2006 Economic Impact
113
Lewis County
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 645
612 Indirect Impact 106 100 Total
Impact 751 712
114
Lewis County
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 10,582,000
10,532,000 Indirect Impact 2,644,000
2,629,000 Total Impact 13,226,000
13,161,000
115
Lewis County
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 3,581,000
3,664,000 Indirect Impact 1,063,000
1,057,000 Total Impact 4,644,000
4,721,000
116
Lewis County
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 2,518,000
2,744,000 Indirect Impact 915,000
910,000 Total Impact 3,433,000
3,654,000
117
Lewis County

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 13
• Local resident taxes would have increased 470
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

118
Warren County
119
Warren County

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 1,355,162
• 2003 1,372,197

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
120
Warren County
2006 Overnight Person Visits
1,355,162
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
121
Warren County
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
568,095,200 2003 598,819,163 Both overnight
and day visitors.
122
Warren County

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 568.10 Million
123
Warren County

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 568.10 Million
124
Warren County
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 568.10 Million
125
Warren County
2006 Economic Impact
126
Warren County
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 9,672
8,527 Indirect Impact 3,443 3,051 Total
Impact 13,115 11,578
127
Warren County
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 172,656,000
160,655,000 Indirect Impact 98,899,000
92,153,000 Total Impact 271,555,000
252,808,000
128
Warren County
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 28,686,000
28,721,000 Indirect Impact 15,534,000
14,449,000 Total Impact 44,220,000
43,170,000
129
Warren County
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 18,100,000
19,658,000 Indirect Impact 16,226,000
15,101,000 Total Impact 34,326,000
34,759,000
130
Warren County

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 42
• Local resident taxes would have increased 1,678
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

131
JeffersonOswego St. Lawrence
Thousand Islands/Seaway
132
Thousand Islands/Seaway

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 1.622 Million
• 2003 1.643 Million

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
133
Thousand Islands/Seaway
2006 Overnight Person Visits
1.622 Million
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
134
Thousand Islands/Seaway
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
444,707,588 2003 358,677,622 Both overnight
and day visitors
135
Thousand Islands/Seaway

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 444.71 Million
136
Thousand Islands/Seaway

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 444.71 Million
137
Thousand Islands/Seaway
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 444.71 Million
138
Thousand Islands/Seaway
2006 Economic Impact
139
Thousand Islands/Seaway
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 7,088
8,131 Indirect Impact 1,628 1,898 Total
Impact 8,716 10,029
140
Thousand Islands/Seaway
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 102,840,000
124,385,000 Indirect Impact 40,060,000
49,091,000 Total Impact 142,900,000
173,476,000
141
Thousand Islands/Seaway
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 29,626,000
37,870,000 Indirect Impact 10,380,000
12,664,000 Total Impact 40,010,000
50,534,000
142
Thousand Islands/Seaway
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 21,142,000
27,838,000 Indirect Impact 9,960,000
12,084,000 Total Impact 31,110,000
39,922,000
143
Thousand Islands/Seaway

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 15
• Local resident taxes would have increased 401
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

144
Jefferson County
145
Jefferson County

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 712,645
• 2003 697,141

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
146
Jefferson County
2006 Overnight Person Visits
712,645
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
147
Jefferson County
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
209,882,916 2003 162,241,935 Both overnight
and day visitors.
148
Jefferson County

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 209.88 Million
149
Jefferson County

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 209.88 Million
150
Jefferson County
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 209.88 Million
151
Jefferson County
2006 Economic Impact
152
Jefferson County
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 3,227
3,876 Indirect Impact 812 977 Total
Impact 4,039 4,853
153
Jefferson County
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 46,726,000
59,129,000 Indirect Impact 20,459,000
25,846,000 Total Impact 67,185,000
84,975,000
154
Jefferson County
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 12,305,000
16,562,000 Indirect Impact 5,159,000
6,515,000 Total Impact 17,464,000
23,077,000
155
Jefferson County
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 8,259,000
11,468,000 Indirect Impact 4,653,000
5,883,000 Total Impact 12,912,000
17,351,000
156
Jefferson County

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 16
• Local resident taxes would have increased 576
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

157
Oswego County
158
Oswego County

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 494,085
• 2003 529,168

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
159
Oswego County
2006 Overnight Person Visits
494,085
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
160
Oswego County
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
123,210,387 2003 115,858,266 Both overnight
and day visitors.
161
Oswego County

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 123.21 Million
162
Oswego County

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 123.21 Million
163
Oswego County
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 123.21 Million
164
Oswego County
2006 Economic Impact
165
Oswego County
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 2,249
2,187 Indirect Impact 421 413 Total
Impact 2,670 2,600
166
Oswego County
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 32,674,000
33,732,000 Indirect Impact 10,135,000
10,456,000 Total Impact 42,809,000
44,188,000
167
Oswego County
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 10,363,000
11,156,000 Indirect Impact 2,783,000
2,865,000 Total Impact 13,146,000
14,021,000
168
Oswego County
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 8,087,000
9,234,000 Indirect Impact 3,017,000
3,113,000 Total Impact 11,104,000
12,347,000
169
Oswego County

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 14
• Local resident taxes would have increased 308
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.

170
St. Lawrence County
171
St. Lawrence County

• Total Overnight Visitors
• 2006 415,583
• 2003 416,630

Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
172
St. Lawrence County
2006 Overnight Person Visits
415,583
Person Visits One person making one stay in
one accommodation.
173
St. Lawrence County
Total Visitor Expenditures 2006
111,614,285 2003 80,577,421 Both overnight
and day visitors.
174
St. Lawrence County

• 2006 Total Visitor Expenditures
• (in millions)

Total 111.61 Million
175
St. Lawrence County

• 2006 Total Expenditures by Type of Purchase
• (in millions)

Total 111.61 Million
176
St. Lawrence County
2006 Total Expenditures by Season (in millions)
Total 111.61 Million
177
St. Lawrence County
2006 Economic Impact
178
St. Lawrence County
Jobs Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 1,612
2,068 Indirect Impact 395 508 Total
Impact 2,007 2,576
179
St. Lawrence County
Resident Income Supported
2003 2006 Direct Impact 23,438,000
31,524,000 Indirect Impact 9,466,000
12,789,000 Total Impact 32,904,000
44,313,000
180
St. Lawrence County
Local Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 6,958,000
10,152,000 Indirect Impact 2,441,000
3,284,000 Total Impact 9,399,000
13,436,000
181
St. Lawrence County
State Government Revenue Generated
2003 2006 Direct Impact 4,796,000
7,136,000 Indirect Impact 2,293,000
3,088,000 Total Impact 7,089,000
10,224,000
182
St. Lawrence County

• Without Tourism Expenditures in 2006
• Unemployment would have increased to 14
• Local resident taxes would have increased 332
  per household to maintain government services at
  current levels.