Global Positioning System Application

1
Global Positioning System Application

• Reginald Augustus
• Howard Alvarado
• Patricia Gallego
• Troy Hilton
• Isioma Ojeah
• MGMT 6352 09082

2
Introduction

• Developed and operated by the U.S. Department of
  Defense, GPS is one of the most widely used tools
  for navigation and timing today
• Since the first experimental satellite was
  launched in 1978, GPS has become an important aid
  to navigation around the world, and an important
  tool for map-making and land surveying

3
Developmental History

• The GPS design is based on the similar
  ground-based radio navigation system, such as
  LORAN and the Decca Navigator developed in the in
  the early 1940s, and used during World War II.
• The first experiment related to Global
  Positioning System (GPS) was launched in 1978.
  The first of a block of 10 satellites.
• Other important developments that have influenced
  the GPS technology are mainly the Civilian use of
  GPS systems in 1983 by U.S. President Ronald
  Reagan.

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Developmental History Contd.

• On February 14, 1989, the first modern satellite
  was launched.
• December 1994 was an important year for the GPS
  technology when a complete group of 24 satellites
  were in orbit successfully.
• In 1996, U.S President Bill Clinton issued a
  policy directive declaring GPS to be a dual-use
  system and to manage it as a national asset.

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Developmental History Contd.

• On May 2, 2000 Selective Availability was
  discontinued, so the use of the GPS outside of
  the Military Industry allowed for civilians to
  increase the horizontal accuracy on their
  receivers from "no worse than" 100 meters to
  15-25 meters
• The most recent launch happened on November 17,
  2006, and the oldest satellite still in operation
  was launched in August 1991.

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Industry Analysis

• NAICS Code 334220
• Industry Name - Scientific Technical
  Instruments
• Sector - Technology

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GPS Uses

• GPS is used to aid land, sea and airborne
  navigation, geographical exploration, cartography
  and geodesy, surveying, vehicle location systems,
  search and rescue operations, aerial refueling
  and rendezvous and a wide range of additional
  applications.
• There are also numerous civilian users, such as
  trucking fleets, commercial airlines and law
  enforcement agencies.
• Hikers, farmers and fishermen also benefit from
  GPS.
• The military capabilities of GPS were
  demonstrated in the Gulf conflict, cited by US
  defense officials as a key factor in the
  successes of operations Desert Storm and Desert
  Shield.

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Industry Competitors

• Garmin
• Raytheon
• Magellan
• TomTom
• Novatel
• Trimble
• Lowrance Electronics

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GPS Manufacturer

• Magellan
• RoadMate - portable car navigation systems
• eXplorist- outdoor handheld navigation devices
• Hertz NeverLost - car navigation system
• ProMark- single frequency GPS survey product
  line

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GPS Manufacturer

• Garmin
• Aviation
• Marine
• Automotive
• Wireless

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GPS Manufacturer

• TomTom
• TomTom Rider-designed for two wheels
• TomTom GO 910 All-in-one. Connects to 3rd Party
  devices
• TomTom NAVIGATOR 6- software for PDAs and Mobile
  

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Porters Five Competitive Model
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Industry Forecasts

• With more affordable GPS receivers and components
  flooding the market, the worldwide GPS market
  will reach a value of more than 30 billion
  approximately by 2008.
• The people tracking and handset market segments
  under GPS will have the largest growth, of
  approximately nine percent in 2008.
• Use of digital signaling and media broadcasts has
  increased the demand for the use of network
  applications fitted with GPS tools, thereby
  paving the way for cheaper and more reliable GPS
  devices.

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Industry Customers

• United States military
• United States and Canadian Coast Guards
• Car rental companies
• U.S. Defense Mapping Agency
• Car manufacturers, e.g. GM
• The aviation industry
• Individual consumers

15
Company Analysis - Military

• The United States military Industry has adopted
  the GPS information technology as a main purpose
  of enhancing the effectiveness of military forces
  

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Military Application

• The primary military applications of GPS can be
  grouped as follows
• Application in Rescue
• Aviation Application
• Navigation Application
• Tracking Application
• Map Updation Application
• Facility Management
• Bombs and Missiles guidance

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Military Application

• Navigation
• Unfamiliar Territory
• Darkness
• Sandstorms
• Location of enemy installations

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Military Application

• Tracking
• Potential Targets
• Personnel
• Missiles and Bombs
• Linked to auto-pilot

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Military Application

• Missiles and Bombs
• Unaffected by weather conditions
• Resilient to Jamming
• Hard to detect
• JDAM for precise guidance

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SWOT Analysis Military Industry
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Management Level
Management Level
Operational Level
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Value Chain Analysis

• To manage the integrated, mission-focused
  logistics environment, there must be highly
  precise tracking, planning, and execution systems
  and data.
• GPS technology, autonomic health monitoring
  systems, advanced planning and scheduling
  systems, and real-time performance dashboards are
  examples of differentiating technology key to
  Mission Assured Logistics.
• Systems that support the integration of the
  extended enterprise, such as enterprise resource
  planning (ERP), supplier and customer
  collaboration tools, and forecasting software are
  the price of entry to fulfilling the IT
  requirements associated with assuming
  responsibility for mission outcome.

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Value Chain Model
24
Interview

• Interview feedback was limited because everyone
  contacted did not want to reveal any information
  for security reasons.

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Conclusions

• The military applications of GPS have already
  been profound and promise to become more so, as
  both U.S. and foreign forces exploit the
  availability of precision time and location data.
  
• GPS technology started as a military system that
  allowed for civil access, but has become a
  necessity to civil, commercial, and military
  infrastructures around the world.
• With war clouds over every region of the world,
  everyone especially in Iraq and Afghanistan will
  witness the state of the art weaponry used by the
  US led forces. Most of these, either directly or
  indirectly will be using GPS to accurately target
  and achieve the desired results.
• GPS based weapon systems are here to stay and
  will form the backbone for the future development
  of better, more accurate and lethal munitions.

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Recommendations

• United States should issue a statement of
  national policy on the Global Positioning System
  to provide a more stable framework for public-
  and private sector decision-making.
• The United States should initiate discussions
  with Japan and Europe on regional security and
  economic issues associated with GPS that will
  potentially lead to international agreements.
• The Department of Defense should ensure that it
  would have access to GPS signals even in a
  challenged environment and should develop and
  field anti-jam receivers and antenna
  enhancements.

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Recommendation Contd.

• The Department of Defense should also ensure it
  has adequate electronic countermeasures to deny
  GPS, GPS augmentations, and GLONASS signals to an
  adversary.
• The United States should not preclude or deter
  private GPS services except for reasons of
  national security or public safety.
• The United States government should ensure that
  the GPS is funded and maintained in a stable
  manner free of direct user charges to promote
  the adoption of GPS as a global standard for
  position location, navigation, and timing.

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Questions