Introducing a New Concept:

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Introducing a New Concept  National Technology
Strategy The case of nanotechnology for Iran

• Sepehr Ghazinoory
• Associate Professor of ST Policy,Tarbiat Modares
  University,Iran
• Adviser for Center of Innovation Technology
  Cooperation (Irans Presidency)

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introduction

• rapid development of emerging technologies in
  recent decades
• Core role of these technologies in economic
  development
• As a result policy makers have become
  particularly interested in planning to
  development of high technologies as well as
  applications of these technologies for economic
  growth and development

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introduction (continued)

• There are many techniques to extracting
  strategies of technological progress at the
  national level.
• these techniques are generally defined as
  national policy for science and technology.
• National technology policies formulated for some
  primary high technologies (such as
  nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information
  technology)

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Introduction (continued)

• each of these high-technologies consists of
  different areas.(for example, nanotechnology
  consist of .)
• Therefore
• Deploying a single technology policy is not
  optimal for all.
• countries should carefully adopt a set of
  technology policies.
• each policy is aimed at addressing the specific
  requirements of a specific high-tech area.

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Integration of 2 concepts

• National technology policy
• a set of government actions that affect the
  generation, acquisition, adaptation, diffusion,
  and use of technological knowledge in a way that
  the government deems useful for the society
  rather than individuals

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• firm technology strategy
• is a model of managerial decisions.
• pertains to the use of principal technology
  instruments.
• goals in achieving the business objectives.
• prioritizes future corporate technological
  plans.

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But, The new concept of

• national technology strategy
• isn't a well-known term.
• Some author's use of the term implies national
  technology policy.
• other usage of the term implies national
  priorities of technologies.

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• national technology strategy is not firm
  technology strategy at the national level.
• strategy is synonym of path selecting and for
  the policy, viable options may not exist.
• national technology strategy is not only as a
  country's priority.

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By integrating 2concpts (national technology
policy, technology strategy of firm), We define

• National technology strategy
• is a portfolio of desired related technology
  areas that receive governmental supports in the
  form of specialized goals for each branch of
  technology. This strategy assigns well-defined
  tasks and responsibilities for the pertinent
  government agencies that are responsible for
  implementing the goals for each technology areas.

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• Implementing this concept forNanotechnology in
  Iran

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nanotechnology policy development in Iran

• Iranian policy makers have placed special
  emphasis on rapid development nanotechnology.
• The former president confirmed Center of
  Innovation Technology Cooperation (CITC) as
  responsible for coordination of nanos
  developmental activities.
• CITC recommended the creation of council to
  define nanotechnology development direction in
  Iran (2003).
• Proposing Iranian Nanotechnology Initiative
  Program (NINI) (approved 2005 by the Cabinet)

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nanotechnology policy development in Iran

• goals of NINI
• Goal 1.Gaining access to a fair share of
  international trade that involve the use of
  nano-materials or use of nanotechnology.
• Goal 2. Forming the appropriate foundation for
  acquiring the benefits of nanotechnology with the
  aim of improving the quality of life of people in
  Iran.
• Goal 3. Institutionalizing sustainable, dynamic
  development of nanoscience, nanotechnology, and
  nano industry.

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A result of NINI Nano-published paper of iran
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• NINI Limitations
• lacks of required strategies for implementing the
  goals.
• Missing strategies.
• requiring an optimal set of national
  nanotechnology strategies

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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy

• The suggested mechanism includes three general
  steps
• before strategy formulation (precedence)
• input analysis and strategy formulation
• strategy finalization (after strategy formulation)

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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy
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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy

• The first step, before strategy formulation
  (precedence), Activities
• Categorizing the technology strategy of different
  countries under study.
• includes the country's vision of technological
  development and general policies
• categorization of technology areas.

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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy

• The second step, input analysis and strategy
  formulation, Activities
• Strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
  (SWOT) analysis
• CapabilityAttractiveness evaluation

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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy

• CapabilityAttractiveness evaluation

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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy
Evaluation different nanotechnology areas
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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy

• Strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
  (SWOT) analysis
• STEEP analysis, (considering social,
  technological,
• economic, environmental, and political (STEEP)
  aspects of technology).
• Determining strength, weaknesses, opportunities,
  and threats.
• Extracting strategies.
• In this analysis, objectives and policies of the
  country's technology are applied as guidelines.

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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy

• Integrating the general strategies with SWOT
  results

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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy

• The third step, strategy finalization (after
  strategy formulation), Activities
• Deriving strategies from the two previous steps.
• SWOT and attractivenesscapability evaluation,
  should be combined to formulate strategies.
• validating strategies (by comparing them with
  other countries' technology strategies).

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Model validity

• Comparative study of adopted strategies with
  nanotechnology strategies in other countries

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• Thanks for your attention

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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy

• Evaluation different nanotechnology areas
• investigation of the nanotechnology policies and
  priorities of China, Iran, Israel, and Taiwan
• investigation of other Iranian emerging
  technology experiences
• using the following criteria for evaluating
  technological capability
• Access to expert labor required in technology
  development
• Adequacy of the infrastructure in exploiting
  technology
• Access to technical knowledge and the required
  information in technology development
• Access to the required equipment and hardware in
  technology development
• Access to natural and mineral sources required
  in technology development
• Coordination with national technological
  priorities

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A suggested model for formulation of national
technology strategy

• Evaluation different nanotechnology areas
• using the following indictors for evaluating
  attractiveness
• Ease of access to required natural and mineral
  resources
• Having competitive advantage in production and
  exports
• Quality improvement and customer satisfaction
• Public perceptions of technological outcomes and
  their use by the general public
• Coordination with government financial budget
  allocations for technology development
• The time required to acquire technology and gain
  proficiency in using it
• The comparative position of the new technology
  vis-à-vis the competitive technologies
• The significance of national security issues in
  acquiring the technology.