THE INHERITANCE OF DOMINANT GENES

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THE INHERITANCE OF DOMINANT GENES
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Bob Dylan wrote some of the most important songs
of the 60s and is considered the most important
lyrist of this era
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Robert Zimmerman grew up in Minnesota in the 50.
He changed his name to Bob Dylan
But in 1960 he moved to New York
City and began writing and sing folk songs
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He continued to have hit songs into the 70s and
80s Such as - The Times They Are A-Changin

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In 1988 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll
Hall of Fame, for songs such as Like a Rolling
Stone
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In 1998 his album received a Grammy for album of
the year
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In 2001, Bob Dylan received an Academy Award for
his song Things Have Changed from the movie
Wonder Boys.
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His music and writing has influenced
generations of musicians including
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The song Mr.. Jones by the Counting Crows draws
from the Dylan song Ballad of a Thin Man
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But why did Bob Dylan go to New York City?
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He went to visit his idol - Woody Guthrie who was
dying in the hospital Dylans first album had
Song for Woody
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Woody Guthrie was one of the most influential
cultural figures of the Depression Era. He wrote
over one thousand songs between 1932 and 1952.
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Woody Guthrie sang about repressed people, such
as the Okies coming to California during the
Depression. He and John Stienbecks book Grapes
of Wrath greatly influenced how farm workers
were later treated
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Guthrie is remembered for many songs, but the one
most often sung by every camper and scout is ...
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Woody Guthries other legacy to music is all the
other song writers he has influenced such as
Springsteen Baez
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Woody Guthrie was born in 1912 to Charley and
Nora Guthrie. He had one sister, Clara, who died
in a mysterious house fire.
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CHARLEY
NORA
WOODY
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In 1973 Woody Guthrie died of Huntingtons
Disease after fifteen years of hospital-zation.
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Huntingtons Disease results from the
deterioration of nerves such as those in the
center of the Huntingtons brain on the right
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Woody had three children with his last wife.
Joady, Nora and Arlo
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WOODY
Nora
Arlo
Joady
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Woody Guthrie spent the last fifteen years of his
life in mental institutions and hospitals. His
children were with him at the time of his death
in 1973.
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Well concentrate on the middle child, Arlo.
Arlo also became a song writer. Hes most famous
song was actually made into a movie
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Woody- Hh
H
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Hh
hh
h
Hh
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Actually, Woodys married life was much more
complex and by looking at the complete pedigree
we can see how a dominant gene, such as
Huntingtons Disease, is inherited.
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Both Gwen and Sue inherited the Huntington gene
and died form the affliction.
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In 1979 Nancy Wexler began studying a village in
Venezuela where Huntingtons Disease was common
rather than rare. Through her work with
thousands of blood sample, she was able to
identify the location of the gene that causes
Huntingtons Disease.
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Like Arlo Guthrie, Nancy Wexler had a parent who
died
from Huntingtons Disease.
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Through Wexlers research, the gene causing
Huntingtons Disease was located at the tip of
chromosome 4.

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Soon after discovering the location, six
universities working under the direction of Nancy
Wexler, identified the sequence of the As, Gs,
Cs, and Ts. The University of California,
Irvine was the major researcher in identifying
the sequence of the Huntingtons Disease gene.
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The mutation that causes Huntingtons Disease is
a repeating of the three bases C,A,G in the gene.
The more often the repeat of the CAG sequence
the more likely it is to contract the disease and
the earlier the disease starts.
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A C C G T C G A T C A G
A A C T T
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A C C G T C G A T C A G
A A C T T
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A C C G T C G A T C A G C
A G A A C T T
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A C C G T C G A T C A G C
A G C A G A A C T T
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A C C G T C G A T C A G C
A G C A G C A G A A C T
T
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A C C G T C G A T C A G C
A G C A G C A G C A G A
A C T T
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A C C G T C G A T C A G C
A G C A G C A G C A G C
A G A A C T T
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A C C G T C G A T C A G C
A G C A G C A G C A G C
A G C A G A A C T T
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A C C G T C G A T C A G C
A G C A G C A G C A G C
A G C A G C A G A A C T T

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A C C G T C G A T C A G C
A G C A G C A G C A G C
A G C A G C A G C A G A A
C T T
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A C C G T C G A T C A G C
A G C A G C A G C A G C
A G C A G C A G C A G C A
G A A C T T
Adding multiple copies of the C A G codon,
changes the amino acid sequence in the copy.
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The Huntington gene has a section where three
bases repeat over and over, causing a protein
with a section of repeating amino acids.
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The reason Huntingtons Disease symptoms do not
appear until late in life is that the incorrect
protein takes time to builds up in the nerve
cells, until the cell eventually dies.
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The repeating CAG sequence is responsible for
other genetic conditions
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Soon after the location and sequence of the gene
were identified, a genetic test was developed to
determine if the Huntingtons mutation is present.
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Even though she was instrumental in developing
the genetic test for the Huntingtons gene, Dr.
Wexler will not reveal if she has had the
test. Neither has Arlo Guthrie
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We ended with the local University, UCI, where
the sequence of the gene was discovered
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Arial view of University of
California, Irvine
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Medical Science Building at UCI
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From Nancy Wexler, who identified the location of
the gene on chromosome
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From Arlo Guthrie who inherited two recessive
normal genes.
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From Woody Guthrie who died because he was
heterozygous for the Huntington gene.
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From Bob Dylan who went to New York to visit
Woody in the hospital.
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And back to me and my first date in the car to
see Bob Dylan at the Hollywood Bowl.
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All because Huntingtons Disease is inherited as
a dominant trait
All because

1. What was Woody Guthrie's genotype for
   Huntingtons Disease.
2. What is the genotype of Arlo Guthrie.
3. Construct the Punnett square for Nancy Wexler.
4. What is the probability that Nancy Wexler does
   have Huntingtons Disease?
5. Construct the pedigree for Woody Guthrie. (He had
   two sisters.)
6. What is the probability that his little sister,
   who died in a mysterious fire, would have had
   Huntingtons Disease if she had lived?

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So we come back to the beginning, Nancy Wexler
identified the location of the gene that cause
the Huntingtons Disease that Arlo Guthrie did
not had but that killed his dad, Woody Guthrie,
who Bob Dylan went to New York to visit where he
was discovered and went on to become one of the
most influential song writers of the 20th Century
because of the Huntington Disease gene.