SL-1-FIFMT-3

1
FAA Inspectors and FAAST Managers Training

• MODULE 3
• Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)

2
Objectives

• Upon completing this lesson
• You will understand single-pilot resource
  management including ADM, RM, AM, TM, SA, and
  CFIT avoidance.
• You will also know the 5Ps (plan, plane, pilot,
  passengers, and programming) and how to use them
  to increase or regain SA.

3
Overview

• Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)
• Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM)
• Risk Management (RM)
• Automation Management (AM)
• Task Management (TM)
• Situational Awareness (SA)
• 5Ps
• CFIT Avoidance

4
Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)

• SRM is the art and science of managing all
  resources (both on-board the aircraft and from
  outside sources) available to a single pilot
  (prior and during flight) to ensure the
  successful outcome of the flight is never in
  doubt.

5
SRM

• SRM is the single pilot version of CRM.
• It emphasis judgment and decision-making rather
  than teambuilding and synergy.
• SRM includes ADM, RM, AM, TM, SA, and CFIT
  avoidance.

6
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM)

• ADM is a systematic approach to the mental
  process and mental skills used by pilots to
  consistently determine the best course of action
  in response to a given set of circumstances.
• It is important to include both the mental
  process and mental skills in the definition and
  application of ADM.

7
ADM (cont.)

• Previously mental skills were overlooked in
  flight training.
• Now we know that these mental skills need and can
  be taught.
• These mental skills are analysis, synthesis, and
  evaluation.

8
Poor Decision-Making Skills

• It is not difficult to see that a pilot is not
  likely to make good decisions with a poor ability
  to analysis a problem or situation.
• Likewise, a pilot is un-likely to make good
  decisions with poor abilities to synthesis and
  evaluate.
• Analysis, synthesis, and evaluate are the
  underlying judgment and decision-making skills.

9
Risk Management (RM)

• RM is a decision-making process designed to
  systematically identify hazards, assess the
  degree of risk, and determine the best course of
  action.
• RM checklist can be found at
• http//www.faa.gov/education_research/training/fit
  s/guidance/media/personal minimums checklist.pdf

10
Automation Management (AM)

• Advanced avionics requires specific training on
  how to use the avionics effectively.
• There is more information available than can be
  displayed at one time.
• Information is organized and presented on pages
  and/or on groups of pages.

11
AM (cont.)

• Pilots must be taught how to use and must
  practice using the equipment until competency.
• Best practices are the subject of ongoing
  research.
• The autopilot is needed, if not required, to
  effectively use the available information.

12
Task Management (TM)

• Task management is defined as prioritizing and
  selecting the more appropriate tasks (or series
  of tasks) to ensure successful completion of the
  flight.

13
Task Management (TM) (cont.)

• Task management is not a new concept however, it
  has taken on more importance with the increase in
  complexity of the avionics.
• Automation, information, and task management are
  closely related, in many situations, overlap and
  are often inseparable.

14
Situational Awareness (SA)

• Means to be aware of all factors such as traffic,
  weather, fuel state, aircraft mechanical
  condition, and pilot fatigue level that may have
  an impact on the successful completion of the
  flight.
• Lack of SA means the pilot will not make
  necessary decisions.

15
The 5Ps Practical Application of SRM

• The 5Ps are a suggested technique for maintaining
  or regaining SA.
• The 5Ps are the
• Plan
• Plane
• Pilot
• Passengers
• Programming

16
Plan

• Can be called the mission or the task
• Basic elements
• Cross country planning
• Weather
• Route
• Fuel
• Publications currency
• Etc.

17
Plane

• Consists of the usual array of cosmetic and
  mechanical issues that every aircraft pilot,
  owner, or operator can identity.
• Now includes
• database currency,
• automation status, and
• emergency/backup systems

18
Pilot

• IMSAFE checklist is a good starting point.
• Advanced avionics may lead to
• exposure to high altitude flying,
• longer distance and endurance, and
• more challenging weather due to longer distances.

19
Passengers

• The single-engine pilot must recognize the very
  personal relationship with the passengers.
• In fact, the passenger is within an arms reach at
  all times.
• The passengers well being including health,
  concerns, etc. will affect the flight and must be
  considered.

20
Can passengers be a resource?

• Pilots and non-pilots?

21
Programming

• TAAs add the need to enter and maintain the
  navigational equipment.
• This requires attention and competency.
• Can cause task management issues.
• If the advanced avionics equipment is not
  programmed, what information is available and
  what is un-available?

22
Practice Exercise
23
With a partner

• List the actions a pilot should take for each of
  the 5Ps
• before takeoff
• during the flight
• Develop a plan for when or how often (decision
  points) the 5Ps should be used during the flight.

24
5P Resource

• Course Developers Guide
• http//www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/fits/
  training/generic/media/course_developers.pdf
• Top of page 40.

25
Avoidance of Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT)

• Controlled flight into terrain is a significant
  problem in GA.
• The distractions that the advanced avionics could
  present must be considered.

26
CFIT Avoidance

• Understand, describe, and apply techniques to
  avoid CFIT encounters
• during inadvertent encounters with IMC during VFR
  flight and
• during system and physiological incidents during
  IFR flight.
• Maintain SA by using the 5Ps before leaving
  cruise altitude.

27
Practice Exercise
28
With a partner

• Describe the techniques or actions that can be
  used to avoid CFIT.

29
Review

• Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)
• Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM)
• Risk Management (RM)
• Automation Management (AM)
• Task Management (TM)
• Situational Awareness (SA)
• 5Ps
• CFIT Avoidance

30
Objectives

• Upon completing this lesson
• You will understand single-pilot resource
  management including ADM, RM, AM, TM, SA, and
  CFIT avoidance.
• You will also know the 5Ps (plan, plane, pilot,
  passengers, and programming) and how to use them
  to increase or regain SA.

31
FAA Inspectors and FAAST Managers Training

• MODULE 3
• Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)
• The End