Alkanoic acids and Esters

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Alkanoic acids and Esters

• Intermediate 2 Chemistry
• Unit 2(b)(c)

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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Functional group
The carboxyl group
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Naming

• As with other organic molecules, except ending is
  anoic acid.

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Reactions

• React with alkanols to produce esters.

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ESTER
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Producing esters
Alkanol Alkanoic acid

• Because water is produced, this is called a
  condensation reaction.

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Specific example

• The OH is removed from the ACID
• The H is removed from the ALCOHOL

Using SSF

• The C with H atoms attached is from the alcohol
• The C without H atoms attached is from the acid

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• Use structural formulae to illustrate the
  reaction of
• Methanol with butanoic acid
• Propanoic acid with ethanol.

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Naming esters

• 1st part of name comes from the alkanol
• e.g. methanol produces methyl-, ethanol produces
  ethyl- etc...
• 2nd part of name comes from alkanoic acid
• e.g. methanoic acid produces methanoate,
  ethanoic acid produces ethanoate etc...

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Practice

• Name the esters produced from...
• Butanol and pentanoic acid
• Heptanoic acid and ethanol
• Name the alkanols and alkanoic acids used to
  produce...
• Pentyl butanoate
• Methyl octanoate

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The reverse reaction

• The formation of esters is a reversible reaction.
• This means that an alkanol and alkanoic acid can
  be produced from an ester.

Alkanol Alkanoic acid
This breakdown using water is called a
hydrolysis reaction.
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Ethanoic acid
Ethanol
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3
CH3COOH
CH3CH2CH2OH
Ethanoic acid
Propan 1- ol
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