Period One Final Exam Review

1
Period One Final Exam Review

• Please use these with the idea that they are
  student generated and may be missing some
  information. Use they and ask yourself the
  following question, Is all the information that
  I need here and correct?

2
Leader of Young Italy(1)

• Mazzini started the organization Young Italy to
  which he gave a sort of devout, religious spirit,
  and which was to prove one of the most efficient
  agencies for the diffusion of the principles of
  freedom and the idea of union

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2. Reason for end of Bismarcks reign in Prussia

• Bismarck had succeeded in unifying Germany, but
  Prussias dominance created political discontent.
  After Kaiser William I died in 1888, his son
  Frederick III succeeded him, but died very
  quickly. William II, a proponent of militarism,
  became the new emperor. His belief in the
  absolute authority of the emperor, brought him
  into conflict with Bismarck. In 1890, Bismarck
  offered his resignation, and the kaiser accepted
  it.

4
3- Definitions of Nationalism

• nationalism
• noun
• 1. national spirit or aspirations.
• 2. devotion and loyalty to one's own nation.
  Nationalism was often expressed during World
  War I. Nations like Germany relied on nationalism
  to motivate their troops, and their citizens.
  Ironically, though, Germany lost World War I.
• A synonym for nationalism is patriotism.

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4. Garibaldi

• Leader of Southern Italian Nationalists
• 1860- Turned over all Southern Italy conquests to
  Victor Emmanuel II to unify Italy

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5.) Bismarck

• When the Germans were not united because
  religious, economical, social and political
  differences Bismarck took charge of policy in
  Germany.
• Bismarck made a campaign against the church by
  expelling Jesuits in 1872. Then he passed the may
  laws to destroy catholic influence.
• At the end of the 1800s Germany became a major
  industrial power.
• Bismarck banned all socialist movements because
  he thought that any socialist party was out to
  change the government. This didnt last long
  however.
• The ideas of divine right of kings clashed so
  Bismarck threatened to resign and William II
  accepted .

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6. Triple Entente

• Consisted of France, Great Britain, Russia.
• Formed in 1907 because of the Russians fear of
  growth in the German Army

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7. Triple Alliance

• In 1873, Otto Von Bismarck created the Three
  Emperors League, uniting Germany,
  Austria-Hungary, and Russia. When this failed,
  Bismarck created the Triple Alliance in 1882,
  which included Italy, Germany, and Austria

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8. Allied Powers

• The Allied Powers were the countries at war with
  the Central Powers during World War I. The main
  allies were the Russian Empire, United Kingdom,
  Canada, Australia, Italy, the Empire of Japan,
  and the United States. France, Russia, and the
  United Kingdom (including its empire) Entered war
  in 1914 ( Many other countries joined later in
  the war)

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9. Central Powers

• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and
  Bulgaria
• Previously called Triple Alliance

Central Powers in olive green
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10.) Nationalism

• Dedicated groups of Italians and Germans worked
  to unify their territories into one nation in the
  1800s.
• Nationalism became one of the most powerful
  forces at working Europe during the 1800s
• Nationalism-The desire for national independents
  that inspires other beings.

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11. What Was The Schlieffen Plan?

• The Schlieffen plan was a war plan, devised by
  the German army's chief of staff, Count Alfred
  von Schlieffen, which was put into effect by
  Germany in the First World War. It was designed
  to cope with the anticipated need for Germany to
  have to fight a war on two fronts, against France
  in the West and Russia in the East. The goal was
  to use the great bulk of Germany's armed forces
  against France in the early stages of the war, in
  the hope of defeating it quickly, and allowing
  German forces to then redeploy to meet the threat
  from the East. German strategists believed that
  the large but inefficient Russian army would be
  slow to mobilize, giving them a month or two in
  which to knock France out of the war before they
  would be forced to deal with the expected Russian
  attack

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12 Reasons for US Entry

• The United States originally pursued a policy of
  isolationism, avoiding conflict while trying to
  broker a peace. This resulted in increased
  tensions with Berlin and London. When a German
  U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania in 1915,
  with 128 Americans aboard, U.S. President Woodrow
  Wilson vowed, "America is too proud to fight" and
  demanded an end to attacks on passenger ships.

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14. Date of American Entry Into WWI

• Wilson went to Congress to request declaration of
  war.
• Passed on April 2, 1917

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15.) Peace Conference Following Armistice Day

• 27 nations gathered in Paris for the Paris peace
  conference. Leaders from the nations worked out
  5 separate peace treaties. There was a large gap
  between Wilsons idealistic goals and the
  nationalistic goals of the French, Italian and
  British.( the big four)

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16. Treaty of Versailles Participants

• The treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied
  powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which
  demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans.

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17 Provisions of treaty of Versailles

• 1919
• Kept Germany under blockade until they signed
• Made Germany pay enormous war reparations
  (payment) and give territory to the victors.
• Unable to pay, so she barrowed money from U.S.
• Caused enormous bitterness in Germany
• Nazi used the bitterness to start their movement
• The debt caused Germanys Economy to fail

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18. Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• June 28th 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot
  dead in Sarajevo by an assassin from the black
  hand. This organization was against an alliance
  with Austria-Hungary.

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19. WWI Timeline of Events

• 6/28/1914 Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in
  Sarajevo/blame Serbia
• 7/23/1914 Austria-Hungary gives Serbia ultimatum
• 7/28/1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
• 7/30/1914 Russia begins to mobilize troops
• 8/1/1914 Germany declares war on Russia
• 8/3/1914 Germany declares war on France
• 8/4/1914 Britain declares war on Germany

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20.) Characteristics Of The Western Front

• There was heavy warfare, it was France and the UK
  against Germany, there were many casualties. The
  Western Front was situated between France and
  Germany. The Line was heavily static, mostly
  made up of opposing trenches. Huge artillery was
  used, which caused the majority of the
  causalities. Direct frontal assualts also were
  rendered obsolete because in the face of modern
  technology like the machine gun, they resulted in
  immense casualties.

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21. Kellogg-Brian Pact

• agreement, signed Aug. 27, 1928
• it failed to halt aggression in the 1930s
• was one of many international efforts to prevent
  another World War

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22. Militarism

• Militarism is defined as the glorification of war
  and the military. Prior to WWI, European
  countries compared militaries, and after 1870,
  all the powers except Great Britain introduced
  conscription, or the military draft.

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23. Goal of Serbian Nationalist

• The goal of the Serbian Nationalist was to keep
  Serbia an independent nation.

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24. Reason for Russias Entry Into WWI

• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and then
  Serbia asked Russia to create an alliance and
  step in to aid in their war effort.

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Purpose of Propaganda(26)

• Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread
  widely to help or harm a person, group, movement,
  institution, nation.
• Propaganda ensured that the people only got to
  know what their governments wanted them to know.

Britain's portrayal of Germany
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28- War of Attrition

• The war of attrition was a stand-still in the
  western front.
• Trench warfare started.
• WWI became a war of attrition because both sides
  started to use frequent attacks to wear down the
  other side.

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29. Reason for Russias Removal from WWI

• In March 1918, Russia signed the Treaty of
  Bresttitovisk in losing much territory and 1/3 of
  the population.

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30.) Leader Responsible For Russian Withdraw In
WWI

• Lenin

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31. Sinking of the Lusitania

• Sunk by the German submarine U-20.
• The United States was outraged and declared war
  on Germany!

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32. Zimmerman Note

• The Zimmerman Note was a telegram sent by German
  foreign minister Arthur Zimmerman to his
  ambassador to Mexico. The note promised that
  Germany would help Mexico regain American
  territory. This created much tension between
  Germany and the US.

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33- The difference between Marxism and Russian
Communism

• Marxism- The society is ruled by the people.
• Soviet Communism- A strong government (a
  dictatorship-Lenin) controls society. It is more
  socialist than communist.

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34. Wilsons 14 Points

• A peace plan whose terms included international
  recognition of freedom of the seas and trade,
  limitation on arms, and end to all secret
  alliances.
• Also called for just settlements of colonial
  claims

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35.) G.B and Frances Goal for Germany Following
WWI

• The Treaty of Versailles limited Germanys power.
  
• Limited the arms of Germany.
• Germany lost all of her colonies.
• Reparations were to be paid by Germany to all the
  Allies for property damage and the cost of the
  Allies fighting the war.

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36. Declarations of war that began WWI
A formal declaration issued by a national
government indicating that a state of war exists
between that nation and another.
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, Russia on
A-H, Germany on Russia, France on Germany,
England on Germany
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37. Reason Why Britain entered WW1

• Because Russia, Britain and France had an
  alliance called the Triple Entente. When
  Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia following the
  assassination of the heir-apparent to the throne
  of Austria-Hungary (Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
  Austria) Russia joined in to help Serbia per a
  separate agreement. Germany, an ally of
  Austria-Hungary, then declared war on Russia and
  France and began to move troops through the
  neutral sovereign state of Belgium to attack
  France. In order to protect France from being
  captured, and in order to fulfill the obligations
  of its alliance, Britain entered the War.

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38. Causes of WW1

• In Sarajevo, in 1914 the Austrian Archduke Franz
  Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serb, Gavrilo
  Princip.
• Disputes over territory, especially Morocco and
  the Agadir crisis
• The rise of Serbia, trouble in
  Bosnia-Herzegovina (a region heavily populated
  with Serbs)
• Austria-Hungary's suspicions of Serbia.
• Turmoil in The Ottoman Empire, Balkan crisis
• Imperialism
• Nationalism
• Expansionism
• Intense competition power struggles among the
  European nations.

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39. Powder Keg of Europe

• Ottoman Empire began to fall and Greece became
  independent in 1829 which led to the protest of
  the treaty.

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40.) Technological Advances

• Advancements in technology changed warfare
  forever.
• Submarines and airplanes moved combat from not
  only land but also to water and the air.
• Newer weapons were used such as poisonous gas,
  machine guns etc. This created more fear.

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41. Characteristics of the Eastern Front

• Flat
• Moved around a lot while the Western front stayed
  still
• Located in central-eastern Europe

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44. Total War

• Governments directed all people and resources to
  the war effort

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45.) Isolationism

• Wars that dont involve territorial defense
  should be avoided, legal barriers to control
  trade, immigration and emigration

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Causes of WWII(46)

• The culmination of events that led to WWII are
  generally understood to be the 1939 invasion of
  Poland by Nazi Germany and the 1937 invasion of
  the Republic of China by the Empire of Japan.
  These military aggressions were the decisions
  made by authoritarian ruling elites in Germany
  and Japan. World War II started after these
  aggressive actions were met with an official
  declaration of war and armed resistance.

Destroyer USS Shaw exploded after her forward
magazine was detonated during the Attack on Pearl
Harbor
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47. Characteristics of Fascism

• Fascism is an aggressive, radical form of
  nationalism with an emphasis on the state rather
  than the individual.

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49) Weakness of the Weimar Republic

• Lasted in Germany from 1919 to 1933
• Made Germany a democracy
• It had political instability and a lot of violence

45
50.) Rise Of Mussolini

• Mussolini was the dictator of Italy and lead them
  into fascism. Ex. The march on Rome began Oct.
  28, 1922 which made Mussolini get what he wanted
  by having an army sent to attack Italy if he was
  not made prime minister by the king and the king
  had no choice to accept this order.

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51. Countries Upset With Treaty of Versailles
47
52. Types of Governments in 1920s

• Germany fascist dictatorship under Hitler
• Italy fascist dictatorship under Mussolini
• Japan military ruled
• USSR a communist government was beginning to
  evolve under Stalin after the ousting of the Czar

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53. Beginning of the Great Depression

• The Great Depression was triggered by a sudden,
  total collapse in the stock market. (Massive bank
  failures too)
• The stock market crash on October 29, 1929, also
  known as Black Tuesday.
• The Great Depression was a worldwide economic
  downturn starting in most places in 1929 and
  ending at different times in the 1930s or early
  1940s for different countries (1941 for U.S). It
  was the largest and most important economic
  depression in the 20th century.

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54. Soviet Communism Under Lenin

• Vladimir IIyich Ulyanov, also known as Lenin and
  the Bolsheviks introduced war communism in 1918
• Under war communism the policy of nationalism was
  carried which brought state control under all
  major industries.
• War communism implied that those who eat must
  work the government required that everybody
  between the ages of 16 to 50 had to be working

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55.) Communist Leaders

• Mao Zedong
• Jospeh Stalin
• Kim ll Sung

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56. Hitlers Early Life
52
57 Characteristics of Global Depression

• Many countries in bankruptcy
• GDP Gross Domestic Product
• If this number is low, then countries are loseing
  money.
• Spending more than they are making.

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58. Reason Stalin Gained Control Of Russia

• Russia was in a very bad state. It was weak from
  past conflicts so under Stalin it slowly began to
  rise up in power.

54
59) Stalins Reforms

• Ended Lenins New Economic Plan
• Created the Five-Year Plans which brought al
  industrial and agricultural production under
  government control
• Collective farms

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60.) Weimar Republic

• Meeting in Weimar, the assembly drafted a
  constitution for Germany establishing a
  democratic republic.
• Lasted from 1919-1933.

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League of Nations(61)

• The League of Nations came into being after the
  end of World War One. The League of Nation's task
  was simple - to ensure that war never broke out
  again. After the turmoil caused by the Versailles
  Treaty, many looked to the League to bring
  stability to the world.

An assembly in the League of Nations
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63. Rhineland

• The Rhineland was taken from Germany by the
  allied powers.

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64. Appeasement

• Chamberlin thought a policy of appeasement,
  granting concessions to maintain peace, would
  stabilize Europe.

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65.) Fascism

• A political philosophy based on nationalism and
  an all powerful state. Doing whatever it takes
  in order to benefit your country. (Nationalism
  on Steroids)

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66.Mein Kampf

• Hitler began the dictation of the book while
  imprisoned after his failed revolution in Munich
  in November 1923
• Explains the military conquests later attempted
  by Hitler and the Germans
• Explains Hitlers plans for Germany future

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67 Munich Conference

• Agreement regarding Sudetenland
• Held in Munich Germany
• Among the major powers of Europe not including
  Chez.
• Leaders Adolf Hitler, Neville Chamberlain,
  Benito Mussolini and Édouard Daladier signed the
  Munich Agreement.
• Act of appeasement
• The decion that allowed the annexation of
  Sudetenland by Germany

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Number 68- Spanish Civil War

• From 1936-1939
• Practice for the German Luftwaffe (air force)
• War was between loyalists and the nationalists.

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69. Kristallnacht

• On November 9th and 10th,1938, Nazis attacked
  Jews on the street and vandalized Jewish
  property. Hitler's secret police the Gestapo,
  arrested Jews and political opponents by the
  thousands.

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70.) Franklin D. Roosevelt

• 32nd president of the united states, was
  president through the great depression. Was
  president through all of world war 2. Worked
  with Winston Churchill to help end world war 2

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71. Churchill

• supporter of social reform

argued that Britain and France should form of a
military alliance with the Soviet Union.
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72. Stalin

• Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union
  following Lenins death in 1924. Stalin launched
  a command economy, replacing the New Economic
  Policy of the 1920s with Five-Year Plans and
  launching a period of rapid industrialization and
  economic collectivization. Stalin installed
  communist governments in most of Eastern Europe,
  forming the Eastern bloc, behind what was
  referred to as an "Iron Curtain" of Soviet rule.
  This launched the long period of antagonism known
  as the Cold War.

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Number 73- Harry S. Truman

• The 33rd President of the U.S.
• Succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt.
• During World War I, he served as an artillery
  officer making him the only president to have
  seen combat in World War I.
• Truman's presidency was also eventful in
• foreign affairs
• The end of World War II and his decision to use
  nuclear weapons against Japan
• The founding of the United Nations
• The Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe
• The Truman Doctrine to contain Communism
• The beginning of the Cold War
• The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty
  Organization
• The Korean War

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74. Mussolini

• Benito Mussolini led Italian troops to invade
  Ethiopia in 1934
• The League of Nations gives Italy sanctions but
  they didnt do anything to stop Mussolini
• Mussolini annexes Ethiopia in May 1936

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75.) Auschwitz

• The largest concentration camp during World War
  II. Jews were put to work, tortured and killed.

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76. Eisenhower

• During WWII he served as a commander of the
  allied forces in Europe.
• Supervised the successful invasion of Germany in
  1945

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77. Hiroshima

• On Monday, August 6, 1945 at 815 AM, the nuclear
  weapon Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima by the
  crew of the American B-29 bomber Enola Gay,
  directly killing an estimated 80,000 people. By
  the end of the year, injury and radiation brought
  total casualties to 90,000-140,000. Approximately
  69 of the city's buildings were completely
  destroyed, and 6.6 severely damaged. Hiroshima
  was a major weapon stock hold.

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Number 78- Advantages to Blitzkrieg

• Blitzkrieg (lightning war) lived up to its name
  to be extremely fast war to help Germany conquer
  lands.
• They caught the enemy by surprise.
• Blitzkrieg was how the Nazi's conquered Poland.

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79. Event that begins WWII

• Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa which was a
  massive attack on Russia for land on June 2nd,
  1941
• Mussolini declares war on France and Great
  Britain on June 10th, 1940 during his attempt to
  build a Mediterranean empire

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80.) Island-Hopping

• The American strategy in the Pacific during World
  War II. It involved a leapfrogging movement of
  American forces from one strategic island to the
  next until American forces were in control of the
  Pacific and prepared to invade Japan.

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Scorched Earth Policy(81)

• The policy of devastating all land and buildings
  in the course of advancing or retreating troops
  so as to leave nothing salvageable to the enemy.
• Also the Soviet-Union used this policy in The
  Operation Barbarossa.

Stalin used this strategy which eventually
defeated Hitler.
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82. Manhattan Project

• The Manhattan Project was the codename for a
  project conducted during World War II, primarily
  by the United States, to develop the first atomic
  bomb. Formally designated as the Manhattan
  Engineer District (MED), it refers specifically
  to the period of the project from 19421946. The
  scientific research was directed by American
  physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. The project's
  roots lay in scientists' fears since the 1930s
  that Nazi Germany was also investigating nuclear
  weapons of its own. Born out of a small research
  program in 1939, the Manhattan Project eventually
  employed more than 130,000 people and cost nearly
  2 billion USD

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Number 83- Hitlers plan for the Jews

• Adolf Hitlers original plan for Jews was to
  literally ship them off to Madagascar. But it was
  too expensive and took too much time.
• To defeat the time issue, Hitler built
  concentration death camps and shipped Jews to
  them. Conditions were terrible, and they were
  made to exterminate the Jewish race, and to make
  supplies for the German Army.

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84. Reasons for Hitlers Decision to Invade USSR

• His decision was for the reason of the need for a
  swiftly ending war, and they felt this was a
  better alternative than invading the British

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85.) Weaknesses Of The League Of Nations

• When congress failed to ratify the Treaty of
  Versailles in 1919, it also rejected American
  membership in the League.
• With out the U.S., the League was significantly
  weakened.

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86.Reason for U.S. Entering the War

• Reason Bombing of Pearl Harbor
• Occurred Sunday December 7, 1941
• Surprise Attack
• Used Japanese Suicide bombers

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87. Last German Offensive

• The Battle of the Bulge or The Ardennes Offensive
  (16 December 1944 25 January 1945) was a major
  German offensive launched towards the end of
  World War II through the forested Ardennes
  Mountains region of Belgium. Germanys planned
  goal for these operations was to split the
  British and American Allied line in half,
  capturing Antwerp, Belgium, and then proceeding
  to encircle and destroy four Allied armies,
  forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace
  treaty in the Axis Powers favor.

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Number 88- D-Day

• June 6, 1944
• When Allied forces launched the Invasion of
  Normandy.

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89. Final Solution

• A shortened translation of what we know as
  Hitlers Holocaust, to eliminate the problem
  AKA Jews

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Reason for the Cold War(91)

• In the 1980s there were war tensions between the
  U.S and the soviets (2 super powers).
• The U.S was losing its dominance in the global
  market
• Also the U.S had changed from a lending nation to
  a borrowing nation (Regan Bush).

Pictures of the ICBM
85
92. Reasons for Cold War vs. Hot War

• A cold war is a war that is fought politically
  by diplomacy with no actual shot being fired
  while a hot war is a war where military action is
  used. The Cold War takes its name because the
  U.S. and U.S.S.R. made threatening moves, and
  created conflict in lesser countries, but never
  actually came into physical conflict themselves.

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Number 93- Differences in Cold War ideologies and
economies

• Beginning in the 1950s
• Political philosophies- democratic U.S.
  Communist Soviet Union
• Economic philosophies- Capitalist U.S. Command
  economy for Soviet Union

87
94. Iron Curtain

• A metaphoric curtain that stretches from Stettin
  to Trieste and behind the line lies all the
  countries that the Soviet Union has taken over,
  they are now cut off from Western Europe.

The red portion is the countries contained in the
iron curtain.
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95.) Goal OF UN

• The U.N. was created after world war 2 in an
  attempt to stop world conflicts. It is centered
  in Manhattan in international territory. Made up
  of the General assembly and the Security Council.
  

89
96. Advantage of UN Over League of Nations
90
Number 98- How USSR influence Eastern Europe

• The USSR had complete control over Eastern Europe
  because of the Warsaw Pact.
• With the Brezhnev Doctrine, the USSR could also
  invade a country and use force to keep countries
  like Hungary and Czechoslovakia under communist
  control.
• The USSR also destroyed any threat against it.

91
99. Marshall Plan

• A plan to provide funding for the rebuilding of
  countries in Europe if they promised to purchased
  American goods.

92
101. Reasons for Berlin Blockade

• Occurred June 1948 to May 1949
• USSR cut off supplies in West Berlin because of
  currency issues.
• U.S then flew in food, etc. for the people in W.
  Berlin.

93
103. NATO Countries

• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization which was
  formed mainly by the US to oppose the USSRs
  Warsaw Pact. Member during the cold war were
  Sloovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Bulgaria, Estonia,
  Poland Portugal, Romania, Norway , Mexico,
  yourmom

94
104. Warsaw Pact

• Military treaty between Albania, Bulgaria,
  Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland,
  Romania, and the Soviet Union that bound its
  participants to come to help the others, if any
  one of them become the victim of foreign
  aggression.

95
105.) Containment

• A United States policy uniting military,
  economic, and diplomatic strategies to limit the
  spread of Communism

96
107. Purpose of de-Stalinization by Khrushchev

• De-Stalinization refers to the process of
  eliminating the cult of personality and Stalinist
  political system created by Soviet leader Joseph
  Stalin. At a speech On the Personality Cult and
  its Consequences to the closed session of the
  Twentieth Party Congress of the CPSU, February
  25, 1956, Khrushchev shocked his listeners by
  denouncing Stalin's dictatorial rule and cult of
  personality. Khrushchev understood that many
  Soviet citizens wanted a relaxation of government
  controls and improved standard of living. Also,
  he wanted increased trade to boost USSRs
  economy.

97
Number 108- Events that increased tensions
between the USSR and the US

• During the Cold War, a lot of events increased
  tensions between the two superpowers of the
  world- the US, and the USSR.
• One event was when the US placed missiles in
  nearby Turkey, to stop the possible USSR invasion
  of Turkey. The USSR considered that an act of
  war.
• Another event was when the USSR placed missiles
  in Cuba, because of the US placing missiles in
  Turkey. This caused the Cuban Missile Crisis.

98
109. Soviet Reaction to Protests in Hungary,
Czech, E. Germany during 50s and 60s

• Brezhnev Doctrine was signed to keep all the
  satellites under their control using military
  force.

99
110.) Purpose Of SALT Treaties

• Strategic Arm Limitation Talks (SALT) treaty.
• The Brezhnev Nixon summit led to the signing of
  SALT.
• Under the treaty, both sides afreed to limit the
  number of nuclear warheads and missiles each
  country could maintain.
• SALT did not reduce the number of weapons or end
  the arms race it did slow it significantly.

100
112. Resolution to the Missile Crisis

• The missile crisis was generally referred to the
  closest moment to nuclear war in the cold war.
  After much deliberation between the Soviet Union
  and Kennedy's cabinet, Kennedy secretly agreed to
  remove all missiles set in Turkey on the border
  of the Soviet Union in exchange for Khrushchev
  removing all missiles in Cuba. The compromise was
  a particularly sharp embarrassment for Khrushchev
  and the Soviet Union because the withdrawal of
  U.S. missiles from Turkey was not made public .

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Number 113- Josip Broz Tito

• Founded Titoism - an adaptation of Communism
• He was Secretary-General (later President) of the
  Communist Party (League of Communists) of
  Yugoslavia
• Lead the WWII Yugoslav resistance movement, the
  Yugoslav Partisans
• After the war, he was the Prime Minister and
  later President of the Socialist Federal Republic
  of Yugoslavia
• He was one of the main founders and promoters of
  the Non-Aligned Movement

102
114) Red Guard and Little Red Book

• Mao began the cultural revolution and in
  response, people formed groups of Red Guards.
• They were waving a book of Maos sayings called
  the Little Red Book and attacked anyone
  betraying Mao and the revolution

103
116. Reaction by Chinese Government to Tiananmen
Square Massacre
Government crackdown on Natural Rights such as
freedom of speech and assembly Tank-man
104
Number 118- Division of North and South Korea
today

• When the Korean War ended in 1953, North and
  South Koreas boundary remained at the 38th
  parallel, which is where it was after World War
  II.
• The USSR controlled the northern half, while the
  US controlled the southern half.
• Today, the boundary still remains along the 38th
  parallel, although both countries are independent
  nations. North Korea is still Communist, while
  South Korea is a democratic nation.

105
119) Domino Theory

• If one Southeast Asian country falls to
  communism, its neighbors will fall as well.
• U.S. feared this because they would loose trade
  partners in Southeast Asia.
• Vietnam was the first country to fall to
  communism.

106
120.) Purpose Of Gulf Tonkin Resolution

• It gave the U.S. reason to invade vietnam and
  attempt to stop the spread of communism in Asia.

107
121. 5 Permanent Members of the United Nations

• Included United States, Russia, Great Britain,
  France and China
• Only on Security Council
• Were only nuclear powered countries

108
123. US Decision to end Cuban Missile Crisis

• The missile crisis was when the USSR thought it
  would be wise to place nuclear weapons in Cuba.
  The US ended this crisis by agreeing to taking
  missiles out of Turkey.

109
124. Reason for Division of Germany after WWII

• In 1945 Germany had been divided into four zones
  controlled by great Britain, France, the united
  states and the soviet union. The zones of the
  western allies included the western part of
  Germany, while the soviet zone encompassed
  eastern Germany. The western soviets could not
  reach agreement on a final peace treaty for
  germany

110
Characteristics of Japan after WWII(126)

• Agreements at Potsdam and Yalta left the fallen
  Japan under the control of the US who took on a
  procedure of democratizing and demilitarizing the
  state. Senator Joe McCarthy was overseeing this
  and also broke japans financial strength by
  dissolving Japanese businesses.

B-29 raids devastating Okinawa, Japan
111
127. Leader of Communist China in 1976

• Mao Zedong led the Communist Party of China (CPC)
  to victory against the Kuomintang (KMT) in the
  Chinese Civil War, and was the leader of the
  Peoples Republic of China (PRC) from its
  establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
  Critics blame many of Mao's socio-political
  programs, such as the Great Leap Forward and the
  Cultural Revolution, for causing severe damage to
  the culture, society, economy, and foreign
  relations of China, as well as a probable death
  toll in the tens of millions. His adoption of
  Marxism ideals applied to a largely agricultural
  society ultimately failed.

112
Number 128- The Great Leap Forward

• It was an economic and social plan created by Mao
  Zedong.
• Used from 1958 to 1961 which aimed to use China's
  vast population to rapidly transform China from a
  primarily agrarian economy by peasant farmers
  into a modern communist society through the
  process of agriculture and industrialization.

It ended in catastrophe as it triggered a
widespread famine that resulted in millions of
deaths.
113
129. Deng Xiaoping

• Follows Mao as leader of China and institutes the
  Four Modernizations to modernize the economy of
  China.

114
130.) History Of Vietnam

• North Vietnam was communist and South Vietnam was
  in the mist of becoming communist.
• Vietnam was cut by the 17th parallel.
• The U.S. was afraid the domino effect of
  communism would effect South Vietnam, and other
  countries around Vietnam.
• Eventually, the U.S. pulled out, and South
  Vietnam fell to Communism.

115
132. Event starting Korean War

• In 1945, Korea was freed from the Japanese. US
  troops stayed in Korea until 1946. The country
  was split in half at the 38th parallel North
  Korea was communist while South Korea was
  capitalist. The north was led by Kim il Sung,
  backed by the USSR, and the south, led by Syngman
  Rhee, was backed by the US. The conflict, in
  1950, arose from the attempts of the two Korean
  powers to re-unify Korea under their own
  respective governments.

116
Number 133- Perestroika

• The restructuring of the USSRs economy
• Gorbachevs philosophy.

117
134. GLASTNOST

• WAS THE POLICY OF THE MAXIMAL
• OPENNESS AND THE TRANSPARENCY OF THE ACTIVITES
  OF THE GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS IN THE SOVIET
  UNION

y

118
135.) Mikhail Gorbachev

• A reform-minded leader, he came to power in the
  soviet union. He created a policy of glasnost and
  perestroika.

119
136. Reasons for Fall of Berlin Wall
Glasnost and Perestroika coupled with a lack of
Brezhnev Doctrine
120
Number 138- Rwanda Genocide

• Happened in 1994, in Rwanda.
• An estimated 800,000 to 1,000,000 people were
  killed.
• If the estimation is true, that would be about
  20 of the total population.

121
139. WHY THE UN CREATED ISREAL

• THE UN CREATED ISREAL SO THE JEWS WOULD HAVE
  THEIR OWN PLACE AND NO ONE WOULD DOMINATE THEM

122
Justification for Israel claiming the right to a
Nation(140)

• The Jews went through harsh times during the
  Holocaust.
• The Jews wanted a homeland. The Zionist Jews
  wanted to rebuild a Jewish state on the same
  land- land their ancestors had claimed since
  biblical time.

123
Number 143- Reasons for problems between India
and Pakistan

• The split between the two countries, as well as
  modern violence between them, is mainly a battle
  of religion.
• Most Indians are Hindu and most Pakistanis are
  Muslim.
• They are also fighting over the Kashmir region
  near the India-Pakistan border.
• Today, both countries are nuclear powered, and
  could blow each other up if violence gets out of
  hand.