(13 Slides)

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Chapter 17

• Section 3
• (13 Slides)

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HUMANISM

• individual human society are important
• spread to northern Europe
• led to Christian humanism
• first leader, Desiderius Erasmus
• scholar
• clergyman

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Desiderius Erasmus

• translated Bible into vernacular.
• humans can use reason to become better Christians
  
• result improve the church
• wrote that what mattered was..
• people being good in everyday life
• not enough to participate in religious activities
• i.e. going to church on Sunday

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CHURCH UPSETS REFORMERS

• taxed peasants heavily
• some bishops behaved like kings
• built palaces
• spent money on fine art
• relative given good jobs
• priests could barely read or give good sermons
• too much focus on money

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SELLING INDULGENCES

• pardon from the church for a persons sins
• pope needed money to repair St. Peters
• sold indulgences in northern Germany
• outraged Martin Luther

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MARTIN LUTHER

• German monk
• taught at university in Wittenberg
• shocked by clergy behavior
• challenged Roman Catholic Church
• argued and challenged popes authority
• objected to idea of indulgences
• only God decides if a person goes to heaven
• at first, only wanted to reform the Catholic
  Church
• ideas stirred peasants to revolt

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NINETY-FIVE THESES

• written by Martin Luther
• 95 arguments against popes sale of amnesty, or
  indulgences

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LUTHERANISM

• Luther denied rights to be a monk
• Ninety-Five Theses
• arguments against indulgences
• excommunicated
• church saw Luther as a threat
• peasant revolts
• wanted people to rely on priests
• ideas led to a new denomination
• branch of Christianity
• 1st Protestant denomination

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PROTESTANTISM

• succeeded
• Europes kings
• supported Lutheranism against Catholic Church
• increased their power
• Charles V became Holy Roman Emperor
• heart of empire 300 German kingdoms
• local kings nobles concerned about his power
• many became Lutherans
• religious reasons
• political reasons
• seized lands owned by Catholic monasteries
• went to war against German Lutheran leaders
• Peace of Augsburg
• Agreement that let German rulers decide whether
  their kingdoms would be Lutheran or Catholic

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JOHN CALVIN

• went to Paris to study theology
• the study of questions about God
• secretly read about Luther
• convinced of his ideas
• too dangerous to talk about Lutherism
• arrested spent months in jail
• found safety in Geneva, Switzerland
• Protestant city
• convinced many people to follow him
• spread Protestantism across Europe and America

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CALVINISM

• became basis of many Protestant churches
• including Puritans Presbyterians in England
  Scotland
• main idea
• Gods will is absolute decides everything in
  advance
• predestination
• God has decided who will or will not go to heaven
• no matter what people do, outcome of life is
  already planned

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CALVINISM

• Calvinists believed congregation should control
  church
• decided they probably would be saved
• worked hard
• behaved well
• obeyed laws of town
• powerful tool in society
• Kings bishops cannot control Church
• congregation should control the Church
• led to choosing own leaders
• supported idea that people should elect own
  political leaders

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