The Developing Person Through the Life Span 8e by Kathleen Stassen Berger

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The Developing Person Through the Life Span 8eby
Kathleen Stassen Berger

• Chapter 19 Emerging Adulthood
• Psychosocial Development

PowerPoint Slides developed by Martin Wolfger
and Michael James Ivy Tech Community
College-Bloomington Reviewed by Raquel Henry Lone
Star College, Kingwood
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Continuity and Change

• Identity Achieved
• The search for identity (see Chapter 16) begins
  at puberty and continues much longer.
• Most emerging adults are still seeking to
  determine who they are.
• Erikson believed that, at each stage, the outcome
  of earlier crises provides the foundation of each
  new stage.

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Continuity and Change
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Ethnic Identity

• Most emerging adults identify with very specific
  ethnic groups.
• More than any other age group, emerging adults
  have friends with diverse backgrounds.
• Ethnic identity may affect choices in language,
  manners, romance, employment, neighborhood,
  religion, clothing, and values.

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Vocational Identity

• Establishing a vocational identity is part of
  growing up
• Many go to college, as moratorium, and to prepare
  for a job
• Temporary jobs are part of preparation
• Young workers tend to feel no loyalty to their
  employer in reaction to the current global
  economy

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Vocational Identity
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Personality in Emerging Adulthood

• Rising Self-Esteem
• continuity and improvement in attitudes of young
  adults
• Worrisome Children Grow Up
• children with high aggression and those with
  extreme shyness grew up with little pathology
• Plasticity
• open to new experiences which allows personality
  shifts and eagerness for more education

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Intimacy

• Intimacy versus isolation
• Eriksons sixth psychosocial stage emphasizes
  that humans are social creatures.
• Intimacy progresses from attraction to close
  connection to ongoing commitment.
• Marriage and parenthood, as emerging adults are
  discovering, are only two of several paths to
  intimacy.

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Intimacy

• Friendship
• Throughout life, friends defend against stress
  and provide joy.
• Friends, new and old, are particularly crucial
  during emerging adulthood.
• Most single young adults have larger and more
  supportive friendship networks than newly married
  young adults once did.

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Intimacy

• Gender and Friendship
• Men tend to share activities and interests and
  talk about external matters
• But do not talk of failures or emotional problems
• Demand less of their friends so they have more of
  them
• Women tend to share secrets, reveal their
  weaknesses and problems and expect sympathy

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Romantic Partners

• Relationship between love and marriage depends on
  era and culture.
• 3 patterns occurring roughly in thirds
• -Arranged marriages
• -Adolescents meet a select group and man ask
  womans parents for permission
• -People socialize with many and then fall in
  love and marry when they are able, the most
  common in Western cultures

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Intimacy

• The Dimensions of Love
• Robert Sternberg (1988) described three distinct
  aspects of love
• Passion- an intense physical, cognitive and
  emotional onslaught characterized by excitement,
  ecstasy, and euphoria.
• Intimacy- knowing someone well, sharing secrets
  as well as sex.
• Commitment- grows gradually through decisions to
  be together, mutual care giving, kept secrets,
  shared possessions, and forgiveness.

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Intimacy
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Hookups Without Commitment

• Hookups
• A sexual encounter with neither intimacy nor
  commitment
• Social networks
• A Web site that allows users to publically share
  their lives and connect with large numbers of
  people
• Choice overload
• Having so many possibilities that a thoughtful
  choice becomes difficult

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Finding Each Other and Living Together
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Finding Each Other and Living Together

• Cohabitation
• Living with an unrelated persontypically a
  romantic partnerto whom one is not married
• Most young adults in the U.S., England, and
  northern Europe cohabit rather than marry before
  age 25.
• Half of all cohabitating couples in the U.S. plan
  on marrying eventually.

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Changes in Marriage Patterns

• In the U.S.
• Most adults aged 20-30 are not married
• Compared to any year in the past, fewer adults
  are married and more are divorced.
• The divorce rate is half the marriage rate
• (3.6 compared to 7.3 per 1000) because fewer
  people are getting married.

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Similarities and Differences

• Homogamy
• Marriage between people who tend to be similar
  (SES, goals, religion, attitudes, local origin,
  etc.)
• Heterogamy
• Marriage between people who tend to be dissimilar
  (interests, etc)
• Social homogamy
• The similarity of a couples leisure interests
  and role preferences.

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Conflict

• Learning to listen
• Demand/withdraw interaction
• A situation in a romantic relationship wherein
  one person wants to address an issue and the
  other refuses
• Women tend to be more demanding and men
  withdrawing.

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Intimate Partner Violence

• Emerging adults experience more partner violence
  than those over 25.
• Alcohol and drugs make violence more likely and
  more severe.
• Rates are high and would be higher if
  self-deception and dishonesty werent factors but
  would be lower if preventative measures were in
  place.

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Intimate Partner Violence

• Situational couple violence
• Fighting between romantic couples that is brought
  on more by the situation than by personality
  problems
• Intimate terrorism
• A violent and demeaning form of abuse in a
  romantic relationship where the victim is too
  scared to fight back, seek help, or withdraw

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Emerging Adults and Their Parents

• Linked Lives
• Where the success, health, and well-being of each
  family member are connected to those of other
  members.
• Financial Support
• Parents of all income levels in the U.S. help
  their adult children.
• A Global Perspective
• Parental support and linked lives are typical
  everywhere. In some countries, it is valued more
  than in others (i.e. Italy vs. Great Britain).