Hundred Years

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Hundred Years War
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The Capetians
When the Carolingians died out in 987 AD, the
lords of France met to choose a new king. They
chose a man named Hugh Capet. Hugh Capet was
picked for being weak, so the lords could do
whatever they wanted and the king wouldn't be
able to do anything about it.
The lords governed their own provinces, more or
less independently, getting some cash income for
themselves through charging tolls on roads and
fees. Their independence from the king lasted
until the 1100
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In the 1100s AD the Capetians kings began to get
more power.
Louis the Fat managed to get his own land around
Pairs firmly under his own control. He was a good
king, loved by poor people and the Church
Louis the Fats son, Louis VII married Eleanor of
Aquitaine. But the young sovereigns divorced in
1152, because Louis suspected Eleanor of
flirting with Henry of Anjou.
Louis lost the powerful Aquitaine but his power
increased anyway.
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Louis VIIs son, Philippe Auguste, was much more
ambitious and smarter than his father. He came to
the throne in 1180 AD, he brought a rich part of
France called Artois by marriage and he weakened
the kings of England, the brothers Richard I
and John Lackland. Philippe died in 1223, at the
age of 61
His descendant Louis IX was so religious that he
became a saint after he died, St. Louis. He
succeeded in getting everyone to love and follow
him.
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• St. Louis descendants were not as well loved as
  he was. They put in more and more taxes, and were
  not as concerned as he was with justice.

But the French people still wanted to follow
their kings, Louis son Philippe III and his
grandson Philippe IV.
Philippe IV (1285-1314)
Philippe III (1270-1285)
Philippe IV had three sons, Louis IX, Philippe V
and Charles VI, but they all died young without
leaving sons of their own. All three men had
daughters, but the French lords refused to accept
a woman as their queen, or even the sons of these
women as their kings. They chose one of
Charless cousins, Philippe of Valois
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• But the king of England, Edward III, was also a
  grandsons of Philippe IV through his mother and
  he wanted the throne too.

So began a war that started in 1337 and finished
in 1453.
It was the HUNDRED YEARS WAR
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It began in 1328, when the king of England Edward
III, taking advantage of the weak and divided
France, already ruling a large part of it,
claimed the throne through his French mother,
Eleanor, who was the dead French kings aunt.
French nobles faced a choice among who gave them
more power and independence in their own lands.
They formed two factions, one helped the weak
French king, the second one allied with Edward,
the the
and the
1337 Start
Flanders,
Brittany
Normandy
Aquitaine
FIRST PART
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In 1340, the French king prepared the first blow
He assembled a great fleet to crush Englands
allies, but the English attacked and destroyed
the French fleet at sea off Sluys fighting
something like a land battle across the wooden
decks.
Edward III now controlled the Channel and was
free to invade and wage war over the enemys lands
1340 Sea battle
FIRST PART
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In 1346, the English invaders were weakened by
sickness and retreating, took a stand on a hill
at Crecy. As the heavily armoured French knights
struggled up the muddy hillside, they were
massacred by the English infantry and archers- a
lesson the French did not learn
In 1347 Edward III besieged Calais. After a
year, the inhabitants surrendered. Their homes
were given to new English settlers, who made
Calais into a fortified English stronghold- a
base for military expeditions into France and the
near- continent
1346 Crecy
1347 Calais
FIRST PART
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The first half of the hundred years war proved as
catastrophic for the north as well as the rest of
France.
1348 Black death
FIRST PART
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Destructive fighting disrupted the economy
there were appalling plagues (as least a third of
the population of both England and France died in
1348 in the black death) , and violent and bloody
revolts in which peasants looted nobles houses
and castles.
1348 Black death
FIRST PART
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The English won a massive victory at Poitiers
(1356), capturing the French king Jean le Bon
He was released for a franc-or free gold
1356 Poitiers
1360 Peace
FIRST PART
PAUSE
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The French captured and destroyed some English
territories, as the Isle of Wight, the south
coast of England with Sandwich, Winchelsea and
Gravesend
The English expected invasion, but the death of
the son of Charles V, Charles VI, and the
consequent division of the French royal family of
the 1407 in Armagnac and Burgundian stopped the
invasion.
1407 Division French royal family
1380 French conquests
PAUSE
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The war resumed in the 1415 with the battle of
Agincourt when the English king Henry V took
advantage of the weak France and conquered
Normandy and som other lands up to the city of
Agincourt
The Burgundians, allied with England, helped
it. In 1420 the French king signed the Treaty of
Troyes, agreeing to English rules over France
1415 Agincourt
1420 Treaty of Troyes
PAUSE SECOND PART
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In 1429 Joan of Arc, a young French girl, decided
to lead her country in a recapture war helped by
God.
She relieved the siege of Orleans and led the
Dauphin to be crowned at Rheims in 1429. Captured
by The Burgundians, she was given to the English
and burned as a witch.
1415 Orleans
1431 Joan of Arcs death
SECOND PART
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In the 1435 Charles VII bribed Philippe le Bon,
Duke of Burgundy, to break the alliance with the
English in exchange of Ponthieu
Charles VII besieged and captured one by one the
remaining English strongholds. With the capture
of Bordeaux in 1453 the English had lost all
their French lands except Calais. It was really
the end of The Hundred Years war.
1435 Breaking of alliance
1453 END of the war
SECOND PART
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Consequences

• Both countries at the same time developed a
  national conscience and established definitively
  their national State.
• The same thing happened in general in Western
  Europe.

• The practical consequences of the war in France
  were severe
• The land was devasted by massive killing,
  destruction of crops and higher mortally due to
  famine and plagues

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Chiara Borra