Night Flying and the JAR Night Qualification

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• Night Flying and the JAR Night Qualification

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SCOPE

• What is night?
• The JAR Night Qualification
• Night Vision
• Aircraft and Aerodrome Lighting
• Night Flying
• Night Navigation

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MORE INFORMATION

• Trevor Thom
• Air Pilots Manual Volume 5

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WHAT IS NIGHT?

• 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before
  sunrise
• Times in AIP Gen 2.7 on www.ais.org.uk and Flight
  Guides

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JAR NIGHT QUALIFICATION

• Entitles PPL holder to act as PIC at Night
• Passengers can be carried if during previous 90
  days at least one take-off and landing has been
  completed at night (assuming the 3 t/o and ldg in
  90 days for passenger carrying normally is
  current!)
• Unless you hold a valid IR (not IMC!)
• No retest or renewal criteria

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JAR NIGHT QUALIFICATION

• 5 hours overall night training to include
• 3 hour dual night training
• Including 1 hour dual night navigation
• 5 take off and full stop landings at night as PIC
  of aeroplanes
• NO TEST!!!

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• The eye contains visual receptor cells called
  cones (daytime) and rods (nighttime).
• Eye requires about 30 minutes to adapt to dark.
• Depth perception, sharpness, and color is lost
  at night.
• The rods work best when you look off center at
  night.

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• Red light improves adaptation but interferes with
  chart reading and focusing on outside objects.
• Use minimal white light as needed.
• Bright lights ruin dark adaptation (close one eye
  when a light is used).
• High altitudes (above 5,000 ft), smoking, carbon
  monoxide, and vitamin A deficiency impair dark
  adaptation.

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AIRCRAFT LIGHTING

• Left wing RED
• Right wing Green
• Tail white
• Anti-collision
• Landing light

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• Air Navigation Order Equipment requirements
• External Lights
• Devices for signalling if non-radio
• Interior Lighting
• Electric torch for each crew member
• Landing Light

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TAXIWAY LIGHTING

• Taxiway edge lights blue and are used to
  outline the edges of the taxiways at night or in
  reduced visibility conditions.
• Centreline green
• Taxiway turn off lights are steady green and
  define the curved path from the centerline to the
  taxiway.

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• Runway guard lights (wag lights) are steady
  yellow lights used to make the holding position
  more visible.

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• Note the Hold position is marked by double lights
  on one side of the taxiway.

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• Clearance bar lights are steady yellow
  in-pavement lights used to mark the holding
  position.

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RUNWAY LIGHTING

• Threshold lights are green.
• Runway edge lights are white.
• Last 2,000 feet are yellow.
• Runway end lightsare RED!!!!

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• Lead in lights do not mark usable landing area
  often outside airfield boundary

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PAPIs

• PAPI lights are typically visible 5 miles from
  the airport during the day and 20 miles at night.

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VASIs

• When using a 3-bar VASI and you see 2 red bars
  above 1 white bar. You are on the lower glide
  path.
• The VASI assures clearance within 10 degrees of
  the extended runway centerline and out to 4
  nautical miles from the threshold.

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NIGHT FLYING

• Pre-Flight

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NIGHT FLYING

• Pre-Flight
• Weather especially cloud base, temp/dewpoint,
  wind
• Torch x 2 red filter, batteries
• Diversions

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NIGHT FLYING

• External Checks

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NIGHT FLYING

• External Checks
• Check for obstacles, all lights working
• Use torch for external checks
• Cockpit management crucial!
• Takes time!

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NIGHT FLYING

• Start-Up

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NIGHT FLYING

• Start-Up
• Park brake on (movement difficult to detect at
  night)
• Anti-coll / Nav lights on to warn
• Check alternator / ammeter
• Adjust cockpit lighting to suitable levels

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NIGHT FLYING

• Taxiing

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NIGHT FLYING

• Taxiing
• Distance / speed perception is poor!
• Take your time and check route carefully
• Instrument checks
• Dont blind other airfield users
• If in doubt STOP!!

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NIGHT FLYING

• Take Off

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NIGHT FLYING

• Take Off
• The aircraft flys the same!
• Check on centre line
• Use runway edge lights to keep straight
• On rotation transfer to instruments
• When regain visual references transfer back
  (usually 3-400ft)

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NIGHT FLYING

• Night Circuit

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NIGHT FLYING

• Night Circuit
• Beware tendency to over-bank
• Use reference to runway lights and well lit
  ground features to position in the circuit
• Wind variation usually greater at night

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NIGHT FLYING

• Night Approach and Landing

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NIGHT FLYING

• Night Approach and Landing
• Use approach aids (PAPIs at Lyneham)
• Use runway lights to judge round-out
• DO NOT STARE AT LANDING LIGHT!
• Progressive round-out and power reduction

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NIGHT FLYING

• Emergencies
• EFATO
• Electrical Failure
• Radio Failure

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NIGHT FLYING

• Night Approach and Landing
• Use approach aids (PAPIs at Lyneham)
• Use runway lights to judge round-out
• DO NOT STARE AT LANDING LIGHT!
• Progressive round-out and power reduction

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NIGHT NAVIGATION

• Ground Features- light patterns of towns
• Distance deceptive
• Radio Nav important
• Forced landing?
• No Night VFR must fly IFR
• Quadrantal Cruising Level above 3000 AMSL
• Safety Alt (1000 above nearest obstacle within
  5nm of track)

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• Any Questions?
• Lets get night qualified!