?????????(sovereignty of airspace)??????????????????????:

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??????

• 8.1 ??
• 8.2 ????????????????
• 8.3 ???????????
• 8.4 ??????
• 8.5 ???????????
• 8.6 ??????????????

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8.1 ??

• ????????????????,??????????,??????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????,??????????????????????

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8.2 ???????????????? 1/3

• ???????????????????,?????????,??????????????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ????????????,????????????????

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8.2 ???????????????? 2/3

• ?????????(sovereignty of airspace)????????????????
  ??????
• ??????(air is free)????????????
• ??????(right of sovereighty over the
  airspace)????????????????????

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8.2 ???????????????? 3/3

• 8.2.1 ????(The Paris Convention-1919)
• 8.2.2 ?????(The Havana Convention-1928)
• 8.2.3 ????(The Warsaw Convention-1929)
• 8.2.4 ?????(The Chicago Confernece-1944)
• 8.2.5 ?????(The Bermuda Agreement-1946)
• 8.2.6 ????(The Hague Protocal-1955)
• 8.2.7 ??????(Guatemala City Protocal-1971)
• 8.2.8 ???????(The Bermuda Agreement?-1977)

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8.2.1 ????

• ??????????????,???????????,???????????????????????
  ??
• ????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????

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8.2.2 ?????

• ??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ???????,?????????????

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8.2.3 ????

• ?????????????,????????????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????????????
• ??????,??????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????

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8.2.4 ?????

• ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
  ???????
• ??,???????,???????????????????????????????????????
  ?????,????????????????????,????????
• ????????????????????????????????????

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8.2.5 ?????

• ???????????????,???????????????????????,?????????(
  ICAO)???????
• ??????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ??????

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8.2.6 ????

• ???????????,????????????????????????????,?????????
  ???????????????????,????????????,???????

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8.2.7 ??????

• ????????????,?????????????????

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8.2.8 ???????

• ???????????????,??????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ??????,??????????,?????????????????
• ??????,??????,??????????????????????????
• ????????????????,
• ?????????????????,
• ???????????,???????????
• ???????????
• ???????????????

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8.3 ???????????

• 8.3.1 ????(??)??
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????(???)
• ????
• ????
• ?????????

• 8.3.2 ???????
• 8.3.3 ?????
• 8.3.4 ??????

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????(First Freedom)???
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????(Second Freedom)???

• ????????,???????????????(non-commerical
  purpose),???????????

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????(Third Freedom)???

• ???????????,?????????????,???????????????????

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????(Fourth Freedom)???

• ????????????????,?????????????????,???????????????
  ????????

20
????(Fifth Freedom)???(???)

• ?????????????????,??????????????,?????????????????
  ????

21
????(Sixth Freedom)

• ?????????,???????????????????,???????????,????????
  ??,??????????????????

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????(Seventh Freedom)

• ??????(third nation)??????????????????????

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????(Eighth Freedom)?????(Cabotage)

• ????????,???????????????????????,???????????????,?
  ???????????????,?????????????,??????????

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8.3.2 ???????

• ????,?????????????,????????,??????(Air Service
  Agreement),??ASA?
• ?????????????,??????????,?????????????????????

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8.3.3 ?????

• ??????????,?????????,????????,??8-1??

???? ???? ???? ? ?
1 ???? ???? ?? ??????(???)???(???)???????????????????????(??)?????(???)?????????????
2 ?????? ????? ? ?????????????????????????????
3 ??????????? ?????? ? ???????????????????(?????)
4 ???? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????????????
5 ???? ????? ? ??????????
6 ???????????? ????? ????????? ? ???????????????????????????????????
7 ???????? ?????? ? ?????????
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8.4 ????????

• 8.4.1 ????????
• ICAO???
• ICAO?????
• ????

• 8.4.2 ??????
• IATA???
• IATA?????
• ????

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ICAO???

• ???1944?,???????130?????,?????????(ICAO),ICAO?????
  ,?????
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ????????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????

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ICAO?????

• ???,ICAO?????????(IATA)????????,?????,????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???
• ICAO???????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ,???????????????????????

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???? 1/2

• ICAO????????????,???????????????,????????????????
  ??????,????ICAO?????????????????
• ???????????,??????????????????????????????

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???? 2/2

• ICAO????????????????,???IATA?????????,??ICAO??????
  ,?????
• ???(standardization)
• ??????(regional planning)
• ???(facilitation)
• ???(economics)
• ???????(technical assistance for development)
• ??(law)

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8.4.2 ??????

• ????1919?,??1945???,??????????????????????????????
  ??????????,????????80????110??????

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IATA???

• IATA????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????,??????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ????????(ICAO)??????????????

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IATA?????

• ??????????????????????????????????????,???????????
  ????????????

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????

• IATA??????????,?????????????,????????(financial)??
  ?(legal)???(technical)?????(traffic
  advisory)???,??????????????????

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8.5 ???????????

• 8.5.1 ???????????
• 8.5.2 ???????????

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8.5.1 ??????????? 1/2

• ??????
• ???????????,????????????????,?????????
• ?????????
• ??????????????????,????????????????

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8.5.1 ??????????? 2/2

• ???????
• ????????????,??????????,????????????,????????????
  ??????
• ??????
• ??????????????(multinational)????,???????????????
  ?????????????,?????????????

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8.5.2 ???????????

• ????????????????
• ??(frequency)
• ????(market access)
• ??(fare)
• ??(equipment)
• ??(service)
• ??(advertisement)

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8.6 ??????????????

• 8.6.1 ?????????????
• 8.6.2 ?????????
• 8.6.3 ???????????????????
• 8.6.4 ???????(E-Ticket)???
• 8.6.5 ????????(strategic alliance groups)???
• 8.6.6 ?????(low cost arrier)?????
• 8.6.7 ???????????????????
• 8.6.8 ?911??(Post 911 Event)?????????

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8.6.1 ?????????????

• ????????????,????????????????,???????????????????

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8.6.2 ?????????

• ???????????????,??????????????????(computer
  reservation system, CRS)?

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8.6.3 ???????????????????

• BSP?IATA(??????)??????????????????????????????????
  ?,?????????
• ????????(bank settlement plan, BSP),????????8-7???
  ?

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8.6.5 ????????(strategic alliance groups)???
??????
???? (Oneworld) ???? (Star Alliance)
1. American Airlines (????) 2. British Airways (????) 3. Cathay Pacific(????) 4. Qantas (????) 5. Aer Lingus (?????) 6. Finnair (????) 7. LanChile (????) 8. IBERIA (?????) 1. Air Canada (????) 2. Lufthansa Airlines (??????) 3. Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) (????) 4. Thai Airways International (??????) 5. United Airlines (????) 6. Singapore Airlines (?????) 7. MEXICANA (?????) 8. LAUDA (????) 9. AUSTRIAN AIRLINES (?????) 10. Bmi British Midland(???????) 11. VARIG Brazilian Airlines (????) 12. Air New Zealand (?????) 13. Tyrolean
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8.6.6 ?????(low cost carrier, LCC)?????

• ????????????,?????????(low cost)????????,?????????
  ??
• ?????????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????
• ??????(?????)?
• ??????????
• ?????????
• ???????
• ????????
• ??????????
• ????????????
• ?????????

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EasyJet?????
?????? ???????? No-Frills????
???? ???????? ??????????
????? ??????? ???????
???? ?????? ????????
???? ????? ??????
???? ??????? ??????????
???? ??????? ???????
???? ????? ??????
???? ?????? ???????
?????? ????????? ?????????
?????? ?? ??
??????? ?? ??
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8.6.7 ???????????????????

• ????????????????????????,?????????????

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8.6.8 ?911??(Post 911 Event)?????????

• ??911?????????????????,?????????????
• ????????????????
• ????????????????????????????,?????????,???EasyJet
  ???????????
• ?????????????????