Theories of Gender Technological Mastery Socio-Economic Power

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Theories of GenderTechnological
MasterySocio-Economic Power

• TEAM IMPULSE

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Who is Team Impulse

• Kunj Bhatt
• Joanna Garcia
• Kelly Kermode
• Marques Dickson
• Krystle Garcia-Gibbons

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Takeover Theory

• Kunj Bhatt

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• This pattern of womens inventing a technology
  and developing it to a satisfactory level for the
  family-or even village-scale economy, only to
  lose out in that activity as it becomes
  commercialized and professionalized (29).

Kunj Bhatt
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Reasons for Takeover throughout History

• Religion
• Division of Labor/Production
• The Little Red Hen

Kunj Bhatt
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Takeover and Agriculture (Recap)

• Birth Explosion
• Change from female-centered to male-centered
  religion
• The professionalization of the cultivative role
  (29).

Kunj Bhatt
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What is the Matriarchy Perplex?

• The Matriarchy Perplex raises the question of
  whether women were ever in charge of their own
  work, if not an entire society.
• Three events shift egalitarian relations to male
  advantage
• Projectile Hunting
• Men learned the male role in human procreation
• Surplus

Joanna Garcia
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Peggy Sandays Theory

• Womens power and status relations are best when
  the economic contribution of both is
  approximately equal or contributions are felt to
  be equal even if they are not.

Joanna Garcia
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Inventive Capacity, Motive, and Achievement

• Inventive ability is probably independent of
  biological gender.
• If inventive ability correlates with any other
  human trait it is not gender but artistic talent
  and set-breaking thinking.

• Three things not equal for the two sexes that may
  inhibit inventive capacity
• Assuming that women invent wherever they work
  some early inventions by women may include food
  preserving, food processing, weaving, knives,
  scrapersetc.

Joanna Garcia
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Karl Marx Class Conflict Theory

• Classes divided between

• Bourgeoisie Proletariat

• Own the means of production
• factory
• business
• land
• natural resources

• Working class
• selling labor
• In need of resources which creates conflict with
  bourgeoisie.

Kelly Kermode
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Feminist and Class Conflict Theory

• The root of Class Conflict
• control over the resources
• The root of Feminist Theory
• patriarchal system that holds control over women
  by devaluing them in society

• Rosemary Tong describes feminism like this
  Feminist Theory is not one, but many theories or
  perspectives and each theory attempts to describe
  Women's oppression, and to prescribe strategies
  for Women's liberation.

Kelly Kermode
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Marxist theories

• Conflict based on social class, created by the
  tension between the proletariat and the
  bourgeoisie
• Replace the words
• Social class with patriarchal system
• Bourgeoisie with men
• proletariat with women

Kelly Kermode
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Gender Socialization

• Marques Dickson

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Gender Socialization

• Binarisim is a western belief
• Two socially constructed genders. Male or Female
• Kate Bornstein, says biological sex classifies a
  person through
• body type
• hormones
• genitals
• Gender Identity
• refers to the sense of being either male or
  female.
• Consider the following questions
• Do you feel like a woman/man?
• How did you know what a woman/man would feel like?

• Marques Dickson

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Given what we know how would we attribute a
gender to Jack Halberstam?

• Marques Dickson

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Gender expectations and education

• There are more women teachers in K-8th
• Women primarily teach dance, music, art and home
  economics
• Women are usually the counselors, secretaries,
  lunch-ladies

• More male teachers in the areas of higher
  education
• Men teach PE, science, biology and Mathematics
• Men in schools are usually the administrators

• Marques Dickson

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Is there a Double Standard ?
Gender Expression Refers to the manifestation
of an individuals fundamental sense of being
masculine or feminine through clothing, behavior,
grooming, etc.(Bronstein)

• Men are socialized to be tough guys
• Men with feminine qualities are repudiated
• Men are judged on what they do.

• Women on the other hand are expected by some to
  be seen and not heard
• Women with feminine qualities
• Women are judged on the way look and dress

• Marques Dickson

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Freedoms that Women Lack

• explore the physical environment
• engage in rough-and-tumble play
• Free time to play in general

• Marques Dickson

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Freedoms that Women Lack cont.

• Our sex-role stereotypes seek to confine
  creativity for women to
• Art
• music,
• dance, writing,
• cooking
• real invention and technology have to do with
• weapons
• machines
• chemical compounds.

Marques Dickson
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Why are women not thought of as inventors?

• Original U.S. patent law passed in 1790
• Many women were reluctant to seek patents
• Some items were never patented, instead
  advertised
• Women inventions were legal property of the
  husbands
• Confined to womens world
• First U.S. Woman Patent- Mary Dixon Kies 1809

• Krystle Garcia-Gibbons

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When you think of typical women inventions you
think

• Disposable Diaper - Marion Donovan
• Pouch-like infant carrier- Ann Moore
• Brassiere- Mary Phelps Jacob
• Barbie Doll- Ruth Handler
• Cooking Stove- Elizabeth Hawk
• Dishwasher- Josephine Cochran
• Washing Machine- Margaret Colvin
• Suspenders- Laura Cooney
• Zigzag Sewing Machine- Helen Blanchard

• Krystle Garcia-Gibbons

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You normally would not consider a woman inventing

• Fire escape- Anna Connelly
• Car Heater- Margaret Wilcox
• Dam and reservoir construction- Harriet Strong
• Circular Saw- Tabitha Babbit
• Kevlar- Stephanie Kwoelk
• Glucose detection for diabetes- Helen Free
• Process for isolating human stem cells- Ann
  Tsukamoto, et al
• Antifungal antibiotic (nystatin)- Rachel Fuller
  Brown Elizabeth Lee Hazen

• Krystle Garcia-Gibbons

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Highlighting Rosalind Franklin

• July 1920-April 1958
• Spent two years at Kings College- DNA research
• The Double Helix
• X-ray diffraction photographs
• Wilkins, Crick Watson
• 1962 Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology
•  

Krystle Garcia-Gibbons
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Bibliography

• Bornstein, Kate. Gender Outlaw on Men, Women,
  and the Rest of Us. New York Routledge, 1994.
  Print.
• Leon-Guerrero, A. (2008). Sociology and the Study
  of Social Problems. Social Problems Community,
  Policy, and Social Action (2nd ed., p. 15).
  Thousand Oaks, California Pine Forge Press.
• Schmaltzalleger, F. J. (2010). Criminology A
  Brief Introduction (MyCrimeKit Series) (1 ed.).
  Alexandria, VA Prentice Hall.
• Wilchins, Riki Anne. Queer Theory, Gender Theory
  an Instant Primer. Los Angeles, Calif. Alyson,
  2004. Print.

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POP QUIZ

1. What is the difference between gender and sex?
2. What are the two events that shifted egalitarian
   relations toward a male advantage?
3. What did Mary Dixon Kies receive her U.S. patent
   for?
4. What kind of work allowed men to focus on and
   deal with new problems?
5. Which social class in Marxist theory owns the
   means of production? Who is the working class?