Artemia culture in Southeast Asia: Special emphasis to Vietnam

1
Artemia culture in Southeast Asia Special
emphasis to Vietnam
By Nguyen Thi Hong Van and Nguyen Van
Hoa Aquaculture and Fisheries Sciences
Institute Cantho University
2

• In most of the countries that belong to
  Southeast
• Asia like Philippine, Malaysia, Indonesiaect
• Artemia culture in the salt-pan presently are not
• yet done except indoor culture in the hatcheries
• In Thailand, there are a few places that
  culturing
• Artemia biomass for ornamental fish industry and
• exporting to the Singapore.
• Artemia culture indoor in most of the hatcheries
  
• in Southeast Asia not only used as live food for
• shrimp and fishes but also used as a bio-filter
  to
• clean the seawater

3
In Viet Nam, on the year 2001, the Artemia
cultured area declined more than 50 compared to
last year since the cyst price loosed about ¼
and most of farmers switched into salt
production
4
Large Production

• This activity was done mainly under the aid of
  AFSI
• extension team (est. 60ha). Most of remaining
  cultured area
• were self-management by experienced farmers (est.
  360
• to 370ha).
• The yields varied from 20kg to more than
  100kg/ha/crop
• Average yields 45kg/ha/crop

5
Extension activities of AFSI
Transporting nauplii to farmers
Training at AFSI
6

• Advantages
• Culture technique were gradually transferred to
  the
• farmers and the culture area are expanding by
  time.
• To decrease the working pressure on extension
  team
• when the culture area are expanded.
• Disadvantages
• Less experienced or new farmers normally have
  poor
• production.
• Farmers usually manage the production by their
  feeling
• and experiences rather than their
  understanding on
• biological processes that appear in the ponds.

7

• Some characteristics on management of large
  production
• Salinity 70 ppt upwards
• Water level normally shallow (2-3cm at the
  beginning
• and 5-10 at the end of the culture)
• Stocking densities high 200-300
  nauliar/litter. Farmers
• prefer to stock with very high densities and
  after few days
• the densities were lowered by transferring
  Artemia to
• another pond.
• Problem - Water levels are very shallow,
  shortage of food
• - Salinity are slowdown dramatically
• - Copepode population grow quickly
• - Macro-algae and Lab-lab development

Survival is very low
8

• Fertilized pond are not well management
• Heavily rely on supplement food Rice bran,
  chicken
• manures

Seaweed
Lab-lab
Chicken manures
9
Prepare for sampling
Turbid measure
Research at AFSI
Alga culture
Collected samples
Sampling
Observation
10
Research

• Wild algae as food for Artemia.3 algae species
  are used to test on growth and survival
• of Artemia
• Chaetoceros ? Best growth and survival
• Nizchia ? can survive but slow growth
• Oscillatoria ? no growth, died after few days

11
2. Control problem of water bloom in Artemia
pond. Water bloom (algae bloom) appear
Always
Less
Pond with poor organic matters
Ponds with rich organic matter
High yields
120-150ind/l
60-70ind/l
Stocking densities
12
3. Comparison life characteristics of Artemia
between field and lab conditions
13
Pair culture in the laboratory The animals
were fed with water from the culture pond, the
culture medium was maintained similar as in the
pond Results
The reproductive characteristics (reproductive
mode, fecundity) - Pond culture (sampling) - Pair
culture in pond - Pair culture in the laboratory
14

• 4. Effect of using Artemia nauplii of successive
• generations on cyst production
• Objective Investigating the relationship of
  cyst yields
• and successive generations (P, F1, F2, F3)
• - Principle
• Inoculum
• (Pcysts)

Naupliar transfer
F1
14 days
14 days
Naupliar transfer
Naupliar transfer
F3
F2
14 days
15

• Result
• Survivals After 7days of the inoculation
  50-60
• After 9-10 days (reach adult sizes)
  25-40
• The major reason for this decline could be the
  food availability in pond and environmental
  stress (especially is high temperature).
• Reproductive characteristics
• Fecundity varies from 30 to more than 100
  offspring and not much different between
  generations
• Number of female - bearing nauplii do not
  follow any rule but number of female-bearing
  cysts are follow the same rule for each
  generation.

16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
The cyst yields (kg/ha/5week) 1999-2000
2000-2001 2001-2002 Parent
60.06 53.01 24.58 F1 68.84 46.2
5.43 F2 81.07 20.98 28.75 F3
12.47 The cyst yields were largely changed
over years, beside the unknown factors that need
to be investigated (environment stress,
genetics). Other factors also might influence
to cyst production included
20
      Seasonal reproduction of Artemia       
Food availability Temperature
Most importance

• Future research
• Suitable pond management fit to different kind of
  pond
• bottom soil, especially emphasizing to the proper
  stocking
• densities and fertilization.
• Effects of biotic factor (food availability),
  abiotic factor
• (temperature) to reproductive characteristics and
  cyst
• production of successive generations
• Effect of quality and quantity of food (algae)
  on Artemia
• cyst production of successive generations .
• Genetic variation and heritable traits of Artemia
  between
• generations (P, F1, F2, F3).

21
Thanks for your attention