HUMAN HEALTH

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HUMAN HEALTH DISEASES
Mrs Saroj CHOPRA PRT
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• HEALTH
• Health increases the longevity of people
• It reduces the infant and maternal mortality
• The factors that are very important to maintain
  good health are
• 1) Balanced diet
• 2) Personal hygiene
• 3) Regular exercise
• Good health can be achieved by the following

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• Good health is achieved by
• Awareness about diseases and their effects on
  different body functions
• Control of vectors
• Proper disposal of waste
• Consumption of clean food and water
• Vaccination and immunisation against infectious
  diseases

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DISEASE- WHEN FUNCTIONING OF ONE OR MORE ORGANS
OR SYSTEMS OF THE BODY IS ADVERSLEY AFFECTED THE
BODY IS CHARACTERISED BYVARIOUS SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS. Pathogen A wide range of organisms
belonging to bacteria, viruses, fungi etc All
parasites are pathogen Diseases are classified
into INFECTIOUS NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Infectious diseases
Viral, bacterial, protozoan,
fungal, helminthic Eg- polio ,
plague. Malaria ring worm
filariasis These pathogens enter our body by
various means (direct contact, droplet infection,
contaminated food and water) multiply there,
and interfere with normal vital activities,
resulting in morphological and functional
disorders
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VIRAL DISEASES
COMMON COLD

• It is caused by Rhinovirus
• These viruses infect nasal and respiratory
  passages , but not the lungs
• Symptoms
• Nasal congestion and discharge
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Hoarseness
• It lasts for 3-7 days . Spread by cough, sneezing
  droplets, contaminated objects

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Symptoms of cold
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Typhoid
Typhoid is confined by Widal test
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Typhoid

• Caused by Salmonella typhi
• The infection is by contaminated food and water
• The pathogen enters the small intestine and then
  to other parts of the body fluids
• Symptoms
• Sustained fever
• Stomach pain
• Loss of appetite
• Constipation headache

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PNEUMONIA

• It is caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae and
  Heamophilus influenza
• They infect the alveoli of the lung, where the
  alveoli becomes filled with a fluid resulting in
  severe difficulty in breathing
• Symptoms
• Fever
• Head ache
• Chill
• Cough
• In severe cases the lips and fingernails may turn
  greyish to bluish
• Infection by sharing the contaminated articles,
  droplets from the infected person

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PROTOZOAN DISEASES

• Malaria
• It is caused by different species of plasmodium
• Plasmodium falciparum causes the most serious
  malignant malaria
• The infection is through the bite of female
  anopheles mosquito that transfer sporozoites of
  plasmodium

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The life cycle of the pathogen
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Life cycle

• The sporozoites enter the body , reach liver
  through blood and multiply within the liver cell
• Such liver cells burst and release the parasites
  into the blood
• Then they attack RBCs, multiply and cause their
  rapture
• The rapture of RBC s is associated with the
  release of a toxin called haemozoin, which is
  responsible for high fever and the chill
  /shivering
• The sexual stages develop in the RBC
• the parasite then enters the femaleAnopheles
  mosquito along with the blood when it bites the
  infected person

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• Further development occurs in the stomach wall of
  the mosquito
• The gametes fuse to form zygote
• The zygote undergoes further development in the
  body of the mosquito to form sporozoites
• Sporozoites are transported to and stored in the
  salivary gland of mosquito and sre transferred to
  a human body during the bite
• The treatment involves the use of chloroquinine
• The diseases can be controlled by eradicating
  mosquito and avoiding mosquito bite byusing
  mosquito repellant, net etc

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Use of biopesticides
Vector control
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The Widal test is a serological test for
Salmonella typhi. It is a demonstration of
salmonella antibodies against antigens O-somatic
and H-flagellar in the blood. It is used to
ascertain the presence of typhoid fever.
Insect repellant mosquito net
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Amoebic Dysentery

• It is caused by Entamoeba Histolytica
• Infection is through contaminated food and water
• The pathogen rests inside the large intestine
• Symptoms
• Abdominal pain and cramps
• Stools with excess mucus and blood spots
• Constipation alternating with Diarrhoea
• House flies act as mechanical carriers and
  transfer the parasite from the faeces of infected
  to the food water

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ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
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FUNGAL DISEASES

• RING worm
• They are caused by fungi like microsporum,
  Trichophyton
• Symptom
• Dry scaly lesions on the skin
• Lesions are accompanied by itching
• Ringworms are generally acquired from soil or by
  direct contact with the contaminated articles
  used by the infected person

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Helminthic Diseases

• Ascariasis
• It is caused by Ascaris lumbriciods
• Symptoms
• Blockage of intestinal passage
• Anaemia
• Abdominal/ muscular pain
• Internal bleeding
• Nausea and headache

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Life cycle of Ascaris
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FILARIASIS
It is caused by Wuchereria Bancroftii Wuchereria
malayi They normally cause the inflammation of
the organs in which they live for many years They
normally affect the lymph vessels of the lower
limb, causing them to swell like that of an
elephant , hence called Elephantiasis Genital
organs also get affected leads to gross
deformation Female culex mosquito is the vector
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Thanks

• To all the Viewers !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!