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??????? ??????S????? ?T??O? ??S????????S
?????????S- ????O?????????G??S ???S?GG?S??S ???
???????S ?F????G?S ??T??? ??S?GOG??? T?????
WWW ??. ???S 2006-2007, ??????? ??
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
?T???, ???????S 2007
???S????? ????????? ?.?. 6306?009
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???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• ? a?ap???a ?a? ? ?e?t?????a (functioning) ? ?
  d?s?e?t?????a ?e?????ta? ap?te??sµata t??
  a????ep?d?as?? µeta?? ?atast?se?? ??e?a? ?a?
  s??af?? (contextual) pa?a???t??
• ? a?ap???a pe????e? d?s?e?t?????a se ??a ?
  pe??ss?te?a ap? ta pa?a??t? ep?peda ß??ße?,
  eµp?d?a d?ast????t?t?? ?a? pe?????sµ?? s?µµet????

?at?stas? ??e?a? (d?ata?a?? ? as???e?a)
S?µat???? ?e?t?????e? ?a? d?µ??
S?µµet???
???S?????????S
?e??ßa????t???? pa?????te?
???s?p???? pa?????te?
(?????p?t?????? G., ?e???????e? ?????f?????? ??a
t?? ?p?st????? ?t?µ?? µe ??ap???e? st??
??ß??????e?, Seµ?????? ?p?????? 2006,
speech.di.uoa.gr/libaccess)
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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
S??afe?? pa?????te? ??a t? ?e?t???????t?ta, t??
a?ap???a ?a? t?? ??e?a

• ???te????? pa?????te? ??a t? ?e?t???????t?ta, t??
  a?ap???a ?a? t?? ??e?a
• ?? f?s???, ?????????, e?pa?de?t??? ?a?
  p???t?sµ??? pe??ß????? ???? t?? ???e at?µ??
• ??? a????p??e? ?a? f?s???? a??a??? st? pe??ß?????
• ?a f?s??? ?a? te???t? p?????ta
• ??? st?se??, t?? a??e?, t??? ?esµ??? ?a? t??
  ???a??t???? d?e??et?se?? p?? ?s????? se ???e
  ???????a
• ?s?te????? p??s?p???? pa?????te?
• F???, ?????a, ????????? ?p?ßa???, µ??f?t???
  ep?ped?, ep???e?µa, p??????µe?? ?a? pa???sa
  eµpe???a, s???????? t??p?? s?µpe??f????,
  ?a?a?t??a?
• ??ap???a e??a?, ???p??, ??? ? ?at?stas? e???
  at?µ??, a??? t? ap?t??esµa t?? s??s?? t??
  d??at?t?t?? e??? at?µ?? ?a? t?? apa?t?se?? t??
  pe??ß?????t??

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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
?? t?sse??? ?????? ????e? ta????µ?s?? t??
a?ap????? ?a? t?? a????p???? ?e?t??????? (?.?.?.
2002)

• S?µat???? ?e?t?????e? e??a? ?? f?s?????????
  ?e?t?????e? t?? a????p???? s?µat??,
  s?µpe???aµßa??µ???? ?a? t?? ???????????
  ?e?t???????
• ?e???e??e? (impairments) e??a? t? p??ß??µa st??
  s?µat???? ?e?t?????e? ? t?? s?µat???? d?µ??, ?p??
  s?µa?t??? ap????s? ? ap??e?a
• ??ast????t?ta e??a? ? e?t??es? µ?a? e????e?a? ?
  ap?st???? ap? ??a ?t?µ?
• S?µµet??? e??a? ? eµp???? se µ?a ?at?stas? t??
  ????
• ?µp?d?a ??ast????t?t?? e??a? ?? d?s????e? p??
  µp??e? ?a ??e? ??a ?t?µ? st?? e?t??es?
  d?ast????t?t??
• ?e?????sµ?? S?µµet???? e??a? t? p??ß??µa p??
  µp??e? ?a ß???e? ??a ?t?µ? ?at? t?? eµp???? t??
  se ?atast?se?? t?? ????
• ?e??ßa????t???? pa?????te? ?a???????? t? f?s???,
  ?????????, e?pa?de?t??? ?a? ?p??e?µe????
  pe??ß????? st? ?p??? µ????? ?? ?????p??

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???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• ???S??S a?af??eta? st?? p?a?t??? s?ed?asµ??
  p??sß?s?µ?? ?st?se??d??. ??a?t??? p?? af??? se
  ??a e??? f?sµa ????sµ???? ?a? s?s?e???, ??? µ???
  st??? ???st??? f????µet??t??
• ?????S ?? ??S?????S ???S??S?S
• ?t?µa µe a?s??t???a??? ß??ße?, ?p?? ?pt???? (ap?
  µe??µ??? ??as? ??? p???? t?f??s?, a?t????? t??
  ???µ?t??, p.?. a???µat???a) ? a???st???? ß??ße?
• ????t???? d?s????e? ( µe??µ??? e????e?a ????se??
  ??? ap??e?a ??? ? ??t? ?????)
• G??st???? d?s????e?, ?p?? µ??µ?????? d?s????e?,
  a?a???st????, e?d???? µa??s?a??? d?s????e?, p.?.
  d?s?e??a, d?s?a??????a ?, ?e????te?a, µa??s?a??
  p??ß??µata

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???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• ?????????? ???S??S?S
• (www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10)
• ?p??e?t??? a?af????ta?
• ??s????e? a?a?????s?? ?a? a?????s?? ??af???? ?a?
  ????? p???µ?s??
• ??s????a e?sa????? ded?µ????
• ??s????a d?????s?? ?e?µ????-f??t??, af?? ??
  ???µat???? s??d?asµ?? e??a? a?at???????
• ??s????a st? ???s? t?? ?at??????? f????µet??t? se
  ?a????aµµ??e? ?st?se??de? HTML

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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
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???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• 1.?e???????a p??sßas??
• ?. ??se?? p??sßas?? ep?t??pe? sta ?t?µa ?a
  ?????? t?? apa?a?t?te?
• p??sa?µ???? st? ?e?t??????? S?st?µa ? se ep?ped?
  efa?µ????
• ?. S???de?t???? te???????e? p??s?ete? s?s?e??? ?
  ????sµ???
• G. ?etat??p? t?? ?p?????t?? pe??e??µ???? t??
  ?st?? se p?? p??sß?s?µ? µ??f?
• 2.?etat??p? t?? pe??e??µ???? t?? ???t??? se p??
  ?at?????? µ??f?
• ?. ???pt??? ?a? d?µ?s?e?s? ?d????? s?ed?asµ?? ?a?
  ?a??te??? p?a?t????
• ?. ???pt??? ????sµ???? e??a?e??? ??a t??
  ?p?st????? st? s?ed?asµ?
• (e??a?e?a s????af??, e??????, p??s?µ???s?? t??
  e?d???? d?s??????)

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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
?????? ?????F? ???
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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
???te???µe?e? te???????e? d?epaf??
?????? ?????F? ???

• Screen reader
• Text-to-speech
• Speech recognition

??e? s?ed?aste? ?a? ???p????e? st? ??st?t??t?
?pe?e??as?a t?? ????? (???) st? p?a?s?? t?? ?????
?e??ß????? a?????s?? ??a t?f???? t??
??????µµat?? ???? ??. ? d?epaf? a?t? p?? ??e?
s?ed?aste? ??a t?? p??sßas? t?? at?µ?? µe
p??ß??µata ??as?? st? pa?a?????? pe??ß????? t??
?e?t???????? s?st?µat?? Windows, µp??e? ?a
???s?µ?p????e? ??a ?p??ad?p?te efa?µ??? p??
t???e? ??t? ap? ta Windows, a??? µp??e? ep?s?? ?a
p??sa?µ?ste? / epe?ta?e? ?a? ??a ???a ?e?t???????
s?st?µata.
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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
?????t??? te???????a ??a t?f???? ?a? ?t?µa µe
µe???? ??as?

• ????sµ??? e?sa????? f???? (speech input)
• ??s??t???? p??t??? (tactile/feelable mouse)
• ????t??????? ?p???? (Braille keyboard)
• ??t?p?t?? ?p???? (Braille printer)

• F????µet??t?? e?e???t???? ???? (Active Audio
  Internet Browser)
• ?µ?????te? f????µet??t?? (Talking Web Browser)

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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
1A. ???µ?se?? st? µ??e??? ?a? t? e?d?? t??
??aµµat?se???? ? st? s?µpe??f??? t?? p??t?????
(Gregor et al. 2005), ?p?? ?a? Windows 1?.G?a ta
?t?µa µe p??ß??µata ??as?? ???a????? ?
??e?t??????? s????t?? f????, p.?. JAWS( Job
Access with Speech), readspeaker, browsealoud.
??????e? p??sp??e?e? ????? ???e? ap?
f???oµet??t??, ?p?? t? FireFox, Opera ?a? t? Web
Adaptation Technology. S???????? a?????f??
a?apa??stas?? t?? pe??e??µ???? t?? ?st?? µp??e?
?a ???e? µe t? ???s? t?? Braille (Paciello 2000),
µe s?s?e???- f????µet??t?? (Rotard et al. 2005) ?
a?ad?ast???? s?s?e??? s?µe??d?t?s?? G?a ta
?t?µa µe p??ß??µata a????, ?p?????? ß??te?f??a,
d??ad? s?st?µa ep????????a? p?? s??d???e? ??µe?a,
????? ?a? t???f??? ?e?µ????, µe d??at?t?ta ???s??
???µat???? ???ssa?. ?p?s??, ?p???e? t? ???t? p??
µ???e?, s?st?µa a?????s?? ?e?µ?t?? ?a? ???ssa?
s?µad??? G?a ta ?t?µa µe ????t????
d?s????e?, ?p?????? e?d???? d?a??pte? µe µe????
ep?f??e?a epaf?? ?a? d?a??pte? p?d???. ??d???
p??t??? p?d???, e?d??? ?e???st???? ?e????
(joystick) ? ????sfa??a (trackball) Se
pe??pt?se?? p?????? pa????s??s?s?e?? p??
e?e???p??e?ta? µe t?? ????s? t?? ?efa???? ? ?a?
t?? µat??? (eyegaze), e?d???? as??µat?? d?a??pt??
st?µat??, p?? ?e?t????e? µ?s? t?? e?sp????-
e?p????
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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
??a??a?t??? p???t??????a
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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
Quick Glance µe eye gaze
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???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• 1G. ?pa?as?ed?asµ?? t?? ?st?se??da? ??a
  e?????te?? p??sßas?
• ???pt??? e??a?e??? p?? d?ape????? t?
  pe??e??µe?? t?? ?st?se??da? ?a? ße?t?????? t??
  p??sßas? se a?t?, epa?ad?µ??ta? ? a??????ta? t???
  st????? t?? HTML pe??e??µ???? (Brajnik et al.
  2005)
• S?µas????????? ?st?? (Berners Lee, 1999) e??a?
  t? ????µa p?? d??d?se t?? ???? µetat??p?? t??
  pe??e??µ???? t?? ?st?? ??a t?? ?a??te?? p??sßas?
  st?? e??????????? ???s?. ?????e? ??a ?????
  p?a?s?? e??as?a? p?? ep?t??pe? t? d?a??µ? t??
  ded?µ???? ?a? t?? epa?a???s?µ?p???s? t???
  (W3C,2004), p.?. Huang Sundaresan (2000),
  Muckherjee et al. (2004), Bechhofer (2005),
  Seeman (2004), Judson et al. (2005)/AAC systems
  (symbol- based augmentative and alternative
  communication systems), ?p?? t? Concept Coding
  Framework project
• ???f?? ???st? ?? e?d???? apa?t?se?? t?? ???st?
  s?µp???????ta? se µ?a f??µa ?a? ? ?st?se??da
  pa???s???eta? p??sa?µ?sµ???? st?? a????e? t??
  s???e???µ???? at?µ?? (Neville 2005)
• S?µe?? ???t???? st??µ?s? t?? a?a???? t??
  ???st??- st??µ?s? t?? ??e?? ?a? ????? t??
  ???sßas?µ?t?ta?, ?ste t? ap?t??esµa ?a
  a?tap?????eta? st? ??t??µe??
• S?et??? p??sp??e?a ap? IMS Global Learning
  Consortium µe t? Access ForAll metadata
  specifications
• http//www.imsglobal.org/accessibility

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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
2A. ?????p?a??a t?? ?a???sµ??? ?st?? (W3C)
www.wc.org / www.wc.gr ? Tim Berners- Lee
d?µ??????se t?? ?????p?a??a t? 1994. ???a? ??a
pa???sµ?? ???t?? ???t?t?p???s?? ?a???sµ???
?st?? 400 ???? se 50 ?µ?de? ???as?a?,
??d?af????t?? ?a? S??t???sµ??. ? ?e????? ?µ?da
t?? W3C- ??d?te?? ap? ????????- ?a??d??e? t??
p??sp??e?e? µe p??s?p??? p?? ß??s?eta? sta
??st?t??t? ?e???????a? t?? ?asa???s?t?? (???),
?????p?a??a ????pa???? ??e??a? ??a t??
?????f????? ?a? ta ?a??µat??? (Ga???a), Keio
?a?ep?st?µ?? (?ap???a). ?e?at?sse?a ep?p????
??afe?a t?? se ??? t?? ??sµ? ?p?st??????? µ?a ???
?a? µe?a??te?? pe??f??e?a pa???sµ??? St??
?e?t???? se??da ?p?????? ?? te?????? a?af????,
p?? pe????e ap? t? d?ad??as?a (W3C process) ??a
?a ?p???e? ?µ?f???a ?a? ?a ?e??????? S?st?se??.
??a S?stas? e??a? t? ?s?d??aµ? e??? ???t?p?? t??
?a???sµ??? ?st??, µ?a p??d?a??af? ???s?? ??
efa?µ???? µ?a? te???????a? ??a? ap? t???
p??ta??????? s??p??? t?? e??a? ? d???es? t??
???s?? se ????? t??? a????p???, a?e???t?ta ap?
s?s?e???, ????sµ???, ?p?d?µ? d??t???, ???ssa,
f?s??? ? ???t??? ??a??t?ta. ?e?????? ?p??
???sßas?µ?t?ta t?? ?a???sµ??? ?st??, ??e???p???s?
?a? ??e?a?t?s?a s?s?e??? µe?et??ta? s?st?µat???
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???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• ????? ???a??sµ?? µe s?et???? ?d???e?
• RNIB See it Right Standard from Royal National
  Institute Of the Blind
• ?a? ta d?? st??????ta? st?? ßas???? a???? t??
  WCAG
• Section 508 Electronic and Information
  Technology Standards, such as Web- based intranet
  and internet information and applications,
  s?µf??a µe t? s?et??? ??µ??et??? ???µ?s? t?? ???
  Section 508 of the Rehabilitation
• ISO/ TS 16071 p?? ????e? t?? ???sßas?µ?t?ta ?? t?
  ???s?µ?t?ta e??? ??????t??, ?p??es?a? ?
  ?e??ß?????t?? ? t? d?e??????s? se a????p??? µe
  p??????a d??at?t?t??,PAS (Publicly Available
  Specification) 78 ap? BSI (British Standards
  Institute) 2006
• ??a??a?t???? ??ste? ?d????? ap? e?e???t?? ?p??
  ?d???e? p?? a??pt??a? µ?sa ap? ?e???e?µ??e?
  pa?at???se?? ???s?? at?µ?? µe e?d???? a????e?
  (Coyne And Nielsen 2001) ?a? µe ??????µ??a ?t?µa
  (Coyne and Nielsen 2002), ?d???e? µe ß?s?
  pa?at???se?? se ???ste? screen reader se
  ?st?se??de? (Theofanos and Redish, 2003) ?a? µe
  ?t?µa µe??µ???? ??as?? (2005)
• IMS Global Learning Consortium, s??????
  e?e???t???? ded?µ????
• http//www.msglobal.org/acessibility
• IMS Accessibility Guidelines for e- learning (IMS
  2002)

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???S??S??????? G?? ????S
??a- ?e?t???????t?ta (Web interoperability) ????
t?? W3C. ??af??eta? st? s?µßat?t?ta p?? ep?d???e?
? ?????p?a??a µeta?? t?? e??p??sµ?? ?a? t??
????sµ???? ??a t?? ap?f??? ?ata?e?µat?sµ?? t??
a????? ?a? t?? ?a???sµ??? ?st??, p.?.
a????t?(????? p?e?µat??? d??a??µata) p??t?pa ??a
t?? ???sse? ?a? ???t?????a t?? ?.?. ?p?d???e? t??
ap?st??? t?? µ?sa ap? t? d?µ??????a p??t?p?? ?a?
?d?????. ??e? e?d?se? p??? ap? 80S?d???e?/
S?st?se??.

• WCAG/WAI Guidelines (www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/ )
• UAAG ??a ?s??? a?apt?ss??? f????µet??t??,
  ß????t??? te???????a, p???µ?sa
• ATAG ??a ?s??? a?apt?ss??? e??a?e?a s????af??
  ?st?se??d??

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???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• ??t?? ?? ?d???e? e?????? p?? ?a ???ete t?
  pe??e??µe?? t?? ?st?? p??sß?s?µ? se a????p??? µe
  a?ap???e?. ?? ?d???e? ape??????ta? se ????? t???
  ?atas?e?ast?? pe??e??µ???? ??a t??
  ?st?(s????afe?? se??d?? ?a? s?ed?ast?? d??t?a???
  t?p??) ?a? se ?atas?e?ast?? e??a?e??? s????af??
  ?st?se??d??.
• ? ßas???? st???? t?? ?d????? e??a? ?a p?????s???
  t?? p??sßas?µ?t?ta. ?a? ??a a?t?, ? efa?µ??? t??
  ?d????? ?a ?atast?se? ep?s?? t? pe??e??µe?? t??
  ?st?? pe??ss?te?? d?a??s?µ? se ????? t???
  ???ste?, a?e???t?ta ap? t?? p???t??a ???st? p??
  ???s?µ?p????? (p.?. f????µet??t?, f???t???
  f????µet??t?, ????t? t???f???, p??s?p???
  ?p?????st? a?t?????t??, ?.?.p.) ? t???
  pe?????sµ??? ?p? t??? ?p????? e??????ta? (p.?.
  ????ß?de? pe??ß?????, ?p?f?t?sµ????? ?
  ?pe?f?t?sµ????? ??????, pe??ß????? e??as?a? p??
  apa?te? e?e??e?a ????a, ?.?.p.).
• ? efa?µ??? a?t?? t?? ?d????? ?a ß????se? ep?s??
  t??? a????p??? ?a ß??s???? p????f???e? st?? ?st?
  ???????te?a. ??t?? ?? ?d???e? de? ap??a???????
  t??? ?atas?e?ast?? pe??e??µ???? ap? t? ?a
  ???s?µ?p????? e????e?, ß??te?, ?.?.p., a???
  e?????? p?? ?a ???ete t? pe??e??µe?? p???µ?s??
  p?? p??sß?s?µ? se ??a e??? ?????.

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???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• ???te?a??t?te?
• ???e s?µe?? e?????? ??e? ??a? ßa?µ?
  p??te?a??t?ta? p?? t?? ??e? ap?d??e? ap? t??
  ?µ?da ???as?a? ?a? ? ?p???? ßas??eta? st??
  a?t??t?p? p?? ??e? t? s?µe??? e?????? st??
  p??sßas?µ?t?ta.
• ???te?a??t?ta 1
• ??a? ?atas?e?ast?? pe??e??µ???? ??a t?? ?st?
  p??pe? ?a ??a??p??e? a?t? t? s?µe?? e??????.
  ?????? µ?a ? pe??ss?te?e? ?µ?de? ???st?? ?a
  ß??s???? ad??at? t?? p??sßas? se p????f???e? t??
  e????f??. ? ??a??p???s? a?t?? t?? s?µe??? e??????
  e??a? µ?a ßas??? p???p??es?, ?ts? ?ste ??p??e?
  ?µ?de? ???st?? ?a µp????? ?a ???s?µ?p?????
  ????afa st?? ?st?.
• ???te?a??t?ta 2
• ??a? ?atas?e?ast?? pe??e??µ???? ??a t?? ?st? ?a??
  ?a ?ta? ?a ??a??p??e? a?t? t? s?µe?? e??????.
  ?????? µ?a ? pe??ss?te?e? ?µ?de? ???st?? ?a
  ß??s???? d?s???? t?? p??sßas? se p????f???e? t??
  e????f??. ? ??a??p???s? a?t?? t?? s?µe??? e??????
  ?a e?a?e??e? s?µa?t????? f?a?µ??? st?? p??sßas?
  e????f?? t?? ?st??.
• ???te?a??t?ta 3
• ??a? ?atas?e?ast?? pe??e??µ???? ??a t?? ?st?
  µp??e? a? ???e? ?a as?????e? µe a?t? t? s?µe??
  e??????. ?????? µ?a ? pe??ss?te?e? ?µ?de? ???st??
  ?a ß??s???? ??p?? d?s???? t?? p??sßas? se
  p????f???e? t?? e????f??. ? ??a??p???s? a?t?? t??
  s?µe??? e?????? ?a ße?t??se? t?? p??sßas? se
  ????afa t?? ?st??.
• ??p??a s?µe?a e?????? ??????? ??a? ßa?µ?
  p??te?a??t?ta? p?? µp??e? ?a a????e? ??t? ap?
  s???e???µ??e? (?p?de?????µe?e?) s?????e?.
• S?µµ??f?s?
• Se a?t? t? tµ?µa ??????ta? t??a ep?peda
  s?µµ??f?s??
• ?p?ped? S?µµ??f?s?? A ??a ta s?µe??? e??????
  ???te?a??t?ta? 1 ??a??p?????ta?.
• ?p?ped? S?µµ??f?s?? ??p??-A ??a ta s?µe???
  e?????? ???te?a??t?ta? 1 ?a? 2 ??a??p?????ta?.
• ?p?ped? S?µµ??f?s?? ???p??-A ??a ta s?µe???
  e?????? ???te?a??t?ta? 1, 2 ?a? 3 ??a??p?????ta?

www.w3.org/TR/1999/WAI-WEBCONTENT-1999050
21
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
??t?µat?? e?e??t?? a???p?st?a?
Bobby Approved Logo Center for Applied Special
Technologies http//webxact.watchfire.com/
The NCAM Web Access Symbol National Center for
Accessible Media
W3Cs Valid HTML 4.0 Icon World Wide Web
Consortium
22
???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• 2B. WAI (s?et??? site µe e??a?e?a s?ed?as??,
  a???????s??/ e?????? ?a? p??s?µ???s??
• ???p??? ?ate????s?? p??s????s?/ ?d???e? ??a ???e
  ??a ap? ta pa?a??t?
• ?e??e??µe?? t?? ?st??
• ?e???????a f????µet??t??
• ???a?e?a s????af?? t?? pe??e??µ???? t?? ?st??
• S?et??? links
• National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM)
• MAGpie (Media Access Generator) ????sµ??? ??
  ß????t??? e??a?e?? st? s????af? ?a? st?
  s???????sµ? t?? ?p?t?t??? ?? epe????se?? t??
  a??e??? ???? µe ta ß??te?.
• http//ncam.wgbh.org/webaccess/magpie
• Macromedia for Shockwave and Flash (Regan, in
  Thatcher et al. 2002)
• PDF (Clark 2005)
• ???a?e?a µetat??p?? ????? efa?µ???? se HTML
• Illinois Accessible Web Publishing Wizard
  µetat??p? se HTML t?? efa?µ???? Microsoft Office.
• http//cita.rehab.uiuc.edu/software/office/index.p
  hp

23
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
???a?e?a a???????s??/ e?????? Opera pe???aµß??e?
f???t??? a?a?????s? ?a? ??a??t?te? e??d?? ????,
p?? ?? e??a?e?? µp??e? ?a ???s?µe?se? ?a? ??a
??e??? t?? p??sßas?µ?t?ta? se µ?a ?st?se??da. ??
?a? FireFox e??a?e?a e?e??e??? p??sßas?? ??a t?
µetat??p? ? t?? a????s? e?d???? s?µe??? st??
?st?se??de? AIS Accessibility Toolbar and Web
Developers Toolbar ???a?e?a p??s?µ???s?? Vischec
k p??s?µ????e? t?? ?pt??? eµf???s? µ?a?
?st?se??da? ?p?? ?a e?d??e? ap? ??p???? µe ??p???
e?d??? p??ß??µa st?? a?t????? t??
???µ?t?? http//www.vischeck.com/ Vision
Australia The Colour Contrast Analyser
e??a?e?? http//visionaustralia.org.au ?e t?
???s? e??? a??????µ??, e????e? t? ???µat???
a?t??es? f??t??- ?e?µ???? Juicy Studio
Readability Test ???a?e?? a????s?? ?e?µ???? µe
a??????µ? a?a?????s?? t?? ßa?µ?? d?s????a? st??
a?????s? aDesigner (Takagi et al. 2004) ???a?e??
?pt???p???s?? t?? ???s?µ?t?ta? t?? ?st?se??da?,
µe t? ???s? ???µat???? s???? ?p??????e? t? ?????
p?? apa?te?ta? ??a t?? a?????s? t?? ?e?µ???? ap?
??a? s????t? f????. ?p????? ?ts? ?a ?????? ??
apa?a?t?te? d?????se?? st?? ?st?se??da?. EASE
simulator (Mankoff et al. 2005b)
24
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
???G??????G??? ???S?GG?S? ???t??? ?? ?d???e?
µp??e? ?a e?d????? ?? µ?a te????? p?e??? t??
s?st?µat?? p?? µp??e? ?a p??ste?e?. ?p?s??, ??
ep?ta?? st? p?e?µa t?? ?a???? ?, a? ?p???e? ??
??µ??? ep?ta?? µe ????se??, µp??e? ?a ?d???se?
t?? eta??e?e?, t??? ???a??sµ??? ?a? t??? ?d??te?
se µ?a e????st? p??sa?µ??? t?? ?st?se??d?? t???,
????? ?a e??a? p?a?µat??? p??sß?s?µe? se ??a ta
?t?µa µe e?d???? a????e? (?koumanianakis and
Stephanidis 2003, Kelly et al.2005, Sloan et al.
2006)St?? p?a?µat???t?ta, ta ?f??? ap? t??
s?st?se?? de? e??a? ??at??, ??at? de? ?p??????
f????µet??t?? p?? ?a s?µp????? µe t?? ?d???e?
t?? ?????p?a??a? ?p?s??, st????e? ap?te??sµata
p?? apa?t??? t? s?µµet??? t?? ???st? st?
d?ad??as?a p??sa?µ????, ??t? d?s???? ??a ?t?µa µe
e?d???? a????e?, p?? de? e??a? e????? ?a e??a?
e????e??µ???? se ??µata te???????a? ? ß????t???
te???????a ??e? ????? ??st?? ?a? de? ?a??pteta?
ap? t?? ?p??es?e? ??????a?, a??? de? e??a? ?a?
???st?? sta ?t?µa µe e?d???? a????e? (DRC 2004,
Microsoft 2004).???a??sµ?? ?p?? st? ?e????
??eta??a Ability Net ep?s?µa????? t? ??µa t??
e??µ???s?? ?? e?pa?de?s?? t?? at?µ?? µe e?d????
a????e? st?? p?? ?at?????e? ?? a?t???
te???????e? p??sßas?? http//www.abilitynet.org.uk
DRC Formal Investigation (2004) ?st?se??de? p??
e??a? ????? p?s?st? p??sßas??, ????? ?a p??????
t?? p?e????f?a t?? WCAG ?a?, a?t??eta,
?st?se??de? ß?se? t?? WCAG de? ?ta? ???st???? sta
?t?µa µe e?d???? a????e? (Petrie et al. 2005)
25
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
??t?d??se?? ap? DRC 2004 S?µpt?µa t?? d?????s??
???sßas?µ?t?ta? ?a? ???s?µ?t?ta?
(Usability) Sf??µa ???sßas?µ?t?ta? (Nielsen,
2005) ...? pep????s? ?t? ? p??sßas?µ?t?ta
?p???e? se ??a ?e?? ?a? ?t? µp??e? ?a µet???e?
????? ?a ?p?????s???? ?? ???ste? ?a? ?? e??as?e?
t??? ?????? e?e???t?? ????? ????et?se?
µe??d?????e? a???????s?? t?? ???st???t?ta? ?a?
??? t?? p??sßas?µ?t?ta? af ea?t?? ?e t??
p?a?µat??????? p??s????s? ?aµß????ta? ?p??? ??
d?af???? t?? at?µ?? µe e?d???? a????e? se ??µata
??a??t?t??, ???se?? ?a? te???????a?
d?a??s?µ?? ???t? p??sp??e?a ap? t??? Coyne and
Nielsen(2001, 2002), Theofanos and Redish (2003),
Morell et al.,(2004) p?? st????t??a? st? s?et???
a?af??? t?? WCAG(2005d) ??a t?? a????? a??pt????
?st?se??d?? ??a s???e???µ??e? ?µ?de? µe s?µµet???
t?? at?µ?? a?t??, d??ad? t?? te????? ???st? se
??? t? d?ad??as?a s?ed?asµ??, a??pt???? ?a?
a???????s?? (2005)t?? ?st?se??d?? AIR
(Accessibility Internet Rally) concept (Austin,
Texas) S??e??as?a e?d???? µe ?t?µa µe e?d????
a????e? ??a t? d?µ??????a ?st?se??d??, p?a?µat???
p??sß?s?µ?? Universal access assessment
workshops, Akoumianakis and Stephanidis, 2003
26
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
??????s? t?? p?a?µat???????? p??s????s?? st??
e?pa?de?s? ?e t? µ???d? t?? d?aµat?p???s??,
µp??e? ?a ep?te???e? a??a?? st?se??,
e?a?s??t?p???s? ?a? a?????? ??????????
e?????? ?p?µa???sµ??? s?µµet???, ?p?? ta ?t?µa
st?????? t?? a?af??? a???????s??. ???te??eta? ??
a????d?? ?a? p?? ???????? (Mankoff et al 2005a,
Petrie et al. 2006) ?e a?t? t?? t??p? ???es??
st?? e?d?afe??µe?? ap?de????eta? s?µa?t??? tµ?µa
t?? d?ad??as?a? s?ed?asµ?? ?a? a???????s??
?st?se??d?? (Petrie et al. (2006)) ITTATC
(Information Technology Technical Assistance and
Training Center at Georgia Institute of
Technology) S?µß???e?t??? ???t?? ??a t??
ap?d?t???te?? s?µµet??? t?? at?µ?? µe e?d????
a????e? st? f?s? s?ed?asµ?? ?a? a????s?? t?? (
Georgia Tech Research Corporation 2004) ?a? ap?
W3C
27
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
Universal Design/ ?a?????? S?ed?as?

• ? d?ad??as?a s?ed?as?? p?????t?? ?a? ?p??es???
  p?? ???s?µ?p?????ta? se d?µ?s???? ?a? ?d??t?????
  ?????? ?ts? ?ste ?a e??a? ???st??? ?a? p??sß?s?µa
  ap? ??a s????? at?µ?? µe t?? e???te?? ???µa
  ??a??t?t?? ?a? pe?????sµ??
• ? d?ad??as?a s?ed?as?? p?? µe??st?p??e? t?
  d??at?t?ta ap?d????(acceptability) t?
  ?at? p?s? t? s?st?µa, p????? ? ?p??es?a,
  ??a??p??e? ??e? t?? a????e? ?a? apa?t?se?? t??
  ???st?? ?a? ????? d???t???? µet????. ?pa?te?
  ???st???t?ta, ?e?t???????t?ta ?a? p??sßas?µ?t?ta
  ?a? d?a????eta? se ????????? ?a? p?a?t??? ap?d???
• ?as???? a???? ?a??????? s?ed?as??
• ???a??µa st? ???s?
• ??e????a st? ???s?
• ?p??t?ta ?a? d?a?s??t???t?ta
• ??t???pt???t?ta p????f?????
• ????? sta sf??µata
• ?aµ??? f?s??? p??sp??e?a
• ?at?????? µ??e??? ?a? ????? ??a p??s????s? ?a?
  ???s?
• ?e? ?p?????? ?a?????? s??d?a. ???ta ??a p?s?st?
  ?a ad??ate?. ???a? µ?a p??s????s?, µ?a d?ad??as?a
  ?a? ??? ??a ap?t??esµa

28
???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• S?ed?as? ??a ????? / Desing for all D4All
• ?s?d??aµ? µe t??? ????? ?a?????? s?ed?as?, p??
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? st?? ???, ?ap???a ?a? S?ed?as?
  ??s?µ?t?s?? (inclusive Design), p??
  ???s?µ?p??e?ta? st?? ?????a.
• ? e?s??e?d?t? ?a? s?st?µat??? p??sp??e?a t?? e?
  t?? p??t???? efa?µ???? a????, µe??d?? ?a?
  e??a?e??? µe s??p? t?? a??pt??? p?????t?? ?a?
  ?p??es??? ?????f?????? ?a? ???ep?????????? p??
  e??a? p??sß?s?µa ?a? ???st??? ap? ????? t???
  p???te? ??, ep?µ????, ? ap?f??? t?? a?????? e?
  t?? ?st???? p??sa?µ???? ? e?e?d??e?µ????
  s?ed?as??
• ?a?????? ???sßas?/ Universal access
• ?? d??a??µa ???? t?? p???t?? ?a ????? ?a? ?a
  d?at????? p??sßas? se µ?a e??e?a ?????????
  de?aµe?? p???? p????f???s?? ?a? ?p??es???
  d?ap??s?p???? ep????????a?, ded?µ???? t??
  p??????a? t?? p?a?s??? ???s??. G?a t? ???? t??
  ?p?st????t???? ?e?????????, a?af??eta? st??
  a??pt??? e?d???? d?epaf?? ???st? ??a ?p?????st??
  ?a? ???e? te?µat???? s?s?e???, p??sß?s?µe? ?a?
  ???st???? ap? ?t?µa µe ?aµ??? ep?peda ??a??t?t??

29
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
??µ??et???? ???µ?se??

• Section 508, ??? http//www.section508.gov/
• Rehabilitation Act/ ???S??S ???????S??S?S
• ????e? ta d??a??µata t?? at?µ?? µe d?s????e?
  p???e?µ???? ?a epa?e?ta????? st?? a???? e??as?a?.
• ?e? d?a????e? t? e?d?? t?? d?s??????
• ?pa?te? ?pe????e? p??sa?µ???? ??a t???
  e??a??µe???? µe d?s????e?.
• ?pa???e?e? t?? d?a???se?? se ?????? e??as?a? ?
  ?p??a? ????? s?µµet???? t?? at?µ?? µe d?s????e?,
  p.?. Se ??p??a p?????µµata.
• Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
• t?p??ete? st? ?d?? p?a?s?? t?? p??stas?a t??
  d??a??µ?t?? t?? at?µ?? µe e?d???? a????e? µe t??
  p??stas?a ?at? t?? d?a???se?? ß?se? ???µat??,
  f????, f???? , e?????? ?ata?????, ?????a? ?a?
  ???s?e?a?. ?????ta? ?se? e??a???e? ??a ta ?t?µa
  µe e?d???? a????e? st?? ??µ?s?e? ?p??es?e?, st??
  e??as?a, µetaf????, ??ße???t???? ?a? d?µ?t????
  ?p??es?e? ?a? st?? t??ep????????e?.
  http//www.ada.gov/qaeng02 , http//www.ada.gov
• W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
• ?e? a?af??e? ßas???? p???p???se??.
  ?a?ap?µpe? st?? ?d???e? t?? ?????p?a??a? W3C WAI
  Guidelines.

http//www.section508.gov/
30
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
???????? ???G?????????? ?????????-
a????p??e?t???? µ??t???, p?? s?µa??e?
e?at?µ??e?µ??? p??s????s? t?? at?µ?? µe a?ap???a,
a??de??? t?? d??at?t?t?? t???, µ?s? ??p????
e?????? p??sa?µ????. ?p?d?de? t?? a??s?t?te? t??
at?µ?? µe a?ap???a st? ????????? s?st?µa ?a? t?
?e?t?????a t?? ?a? ??? st? ß???????? fa???µe??
p?? ta d?af???p??e?, e?? pa??????a ? a?ap???a
s???st? ?a? µ?a p???t?sµ??? ?atas?e??(ste?e?t?pa-
p???ata???e??, f?ß??, a??s?t?ta). ? s??ta?µat???
a??? t?? ?s?t?ta? (a?. 4S) ep?ß???e? t?? ?s?
µeta?e???s? t?? at?µ?? µe e?d???? a????e?, ?????
d??a??µa ?a a?apt?s??? e?e??e?a t?? p??s?p???t?t?
t??? (a?. 5S), ????? e?e??e?? p??sßas? st??
p????f???s? (a?.5?pa?.1S) ?a? e?d???te?a t??
p????f???e? p?? d?a??????ta? ??e?t??????
(a?.5?pa?.2S). ?µµesa, pa?.3 a?. 21S(??at???
µ???µ?a ??a t?? ??e?a) ?a? pa?.6 a?. 21S
(d??a??µa st?? a?t???µ?a, epa??e?µat??? ??ta??
?a? ?????????, ??????µ??? ?a? p???t???
s?µµet???) ?e?te??? ??µ?? 2690/1990 ?e t??
a?a?e???s? t?? S??t??µat?? t?? 2001, ? d?sµe?s?
de? af??? µ??? t??? d?µ?s???? f??e?? a??? ?a?
t??? ?d??te?. ?? ??t?µa µetat??eta? st? ??sp?s?,
a??? ?a? ?at?????? e?µ??e?a e?te?est???? ??µ??
t?? pa?ap??? s??ta?µat???? d?at??e??
31
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
????? ?.2646/1998, a?.17 ta e?d??? p?????µµata
??a t?? d??f??e? ?µ?de? t?? at?µ?? µe e?d????
a????e? ????? st??? t?? e?asf???s? t?? ?s?t?µ??
s?µµet???? st?? ????????? ??? ?.2817/2000
d?at??e?? ??a t?? p??a???? t?? pa?ap??? st????,
e?? d?e????e? ?a? t?? ?????a t?? e?d????
e?pa?de?t???? a?????? ?. 3304/2005 ??a t?? ?s?
µeta?e???s? ?a? ??a ta ?t?µa µe e?d????
a????e?. (www.disabled.gr, ?a??a ?a?e???p?????
?p?t?, ? p??sßas? st?? p????f???a ??a ta ?t?µa µe
a?ap???a)
32
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
???T?????S ???????G??S ????? a?apt???e?
p?????µµata ?/? ??a t? ß???e?a t?f??? ? µe?????
ß?ep??t?? ?p?? t? Hall, ????sµ??? µe e???????
s????t? f???? t?? ??µ?s????, p?? t??? d??e? t?
d??at?t?ta ?a s?a?????? ?a? ?a d?????s??? ?e?µe?a
? ?a d?aß????? ef?µe??de?, ?a??? ?a? t? p????aµµa
??SO??S ap? t? ??T, p?? µetat??pe? t? ?e?µe?? ap?
??e?t?????? µ??f? se e??????? ????. ?a e??ast???a
e???????? pa?ep?st?µ??? ????? a?apt??e? µ?a se???
e?d???? p?????t??, p?? ep?t??p??? t?? p?????s?
st? d?ad??t?? se t?f???? ?a? se ?t?µa µe ???t???
?st???s?. ?a??de??µa ?st?se??da? p??sß?s?µ?? st?
????? www.minpress.gr http//www.e-accessibility.
gr ??ad??t?a?? ????t?? ??????? ???t??? GR-DeAN
33

• ??????
• www.w3c.gr/office/about_w3c-future.el.html
• ???pt??? p??t?p?? p?? ?p?st??????? ta?t????????
  t??p??? a????ep?d?as?? st?? ?a???sµ?? ?st?
• ??????s? ???? ?e?????????, ?p?? efaµ?????
  t??ef?????? ???t???/mobility net, µe t?
  ??ast????t?ta ????t??p???? ?????ep?d?as??, t?
  ??ast????t?ta ?e?????s?? F???? ?a? t?
  ??ast????t?ta ??e?a?t?s?a? S?s?e???. ??t?? ??
  ??e? te???????e? ?a ße?t??s??? t?? p??sßas? st??
  ?a???sµ?? ?st? µ?sa ap? ????t?? s?s?e??? ?p?? t?
  t???f??? ?a? s?s?e??? ?e????, a??? ?a? s?st?µata
  ?p?? t??eµat??? a?t?????t??, ????a?? s?st?µata
• ??aµa t?? W3C ?a???sµ??? ?st?? ??a ????? ?a? se
  ??a
• ?????µ??? a?a??t?s? ?a? ????? ???s? ded?µ???? µe
  µ??t??a t?? s?µas???????? ?st? ?a? t?? ?p??es?e?
  t?? ?a???sµ??? ?st??
• ?µp?st?s??? ???t?????a a??e?t???t?ta? ?a?
  s?µas????????? ?st??

34
???S??S??????? G?? ????S
? p??sßas?µ?t?ta de ß??s?eta? st?? ?p?????st?

• ? p??sßas?µ?t?ta e??a? eµpe?????
• ? ???st?? e??a? ??a??? st? ???s? ded?µ????,
  p????f???e? ?a? ?p??es?e? t?s? ap?te?esµat??? ?s?
  ?? ??a ?t?µ? ????? e?d???? d?s????e?
• ? p??sßas?µ?t?ta e??a? pe??ßa????t???
• ??a?t?ta? ap? t?? a????ep?d?as? t?? ?e?µ???? µe
  ß?s? t?? de???t?t?? t??, t? ß????t??? te???????a
  ?a? t? st????? ????? at?µ??

Anne L. Allen ,Accessible Websites Removing the
Barriers , University of Florida, Academic
TechnologyCenter for Instructional Technology
and Training
35
???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• ??????G??F??
• BBC (206) Disabled users to test websites. BBC
  News Technology, Retrieved March 19th 2006 from
  http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4816118.stm
• BSI (2006) Publicly Available Specification (PAS)
  78- Guide to Good Practice in Commissioning
  Accessible Web sites. London British Standards
  Institute.
• Coyne K. and Nielsen J. (2001). Beyond ALT text
  making the Web easy to use for users with
  disabilities. Fremont, CA Nielsen Norman Group.
• Coyne K. and Nielsen J. (2002). Web usability for
  senior citizens. Fremon, CA Nielsen Normal
  Group.
• DDA (1995) Disability Discrimination Act 1995
  (c.50). London TSO. Retrieved July 1st 2005
  from http//www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1995/UKpga
  19950050 en 1.htm
• Disability Rights Commission (2004) The Web
  Access and inclusion for disabled people. London
  TSO. Retrieved July 1st 2005 from
  http//www.drc-gb.org/publicatiosandreports/report
  .arp
• Georgia Tech Research Corporation (2004)
  Accessibility in the user- centered design
  process. Retrieved January 4th 2006 from
  http//www.itatc.org/technical/access-ucd/contents
  /php

36
???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• Gibson et al. (2003) Including accessibility
  within undergraduate computing courses.
• Gregor et al. (2005) Disability and technology
  building barriers or creating opportunities?
• Huang A. and Sundaresan N. (2000) A semantic
  transcoding system to adapt web services for
  users with disabilities.
• IMS Global Learning Consortium (2002) Guidelines
  for developing accessible learning applications,
  version 1.0. Retrieved November 1st 2005 from
  http//ncam.wgbh.org/salt/guidelines/
• ISO (2003) ISO/TS 160712003 Ergonomics of human
  system interaction Guidance on accessibility
  for Human- Computer interface. International
  Standards Organization.
• Lazar J. (2003) Improving Web Accessibility
  through service- learning partnerships.
  Information Systems Journal 1 (33). Retrieved
  December 22nd from http//isedj.org/1/33
• Mankoff J et al. (2005) Is your Web page
  accessible? A comparative study of methods for
  assessing Web page accessibility for the blind
• Microsoft Corporation (2004) Accessible
  technology in computing- examining awareness, use
  and future potential. Retrieved March 15th 2005
  from http//www.microsoft.com/enable/research/phas
  e2.aspx
• Neville L. (2005) User- centered accessibility
  supported by distributed, cumulative authoring.
  http//ausweb.scu.edu.au/aw05/papers/refereed/nevi
  le/index.html

37
???S??S??????? G?? ????S

• Nielsen J. (1999) Alertbox Disabled
  accessibility the pragmatic approach. Retrieved
  December 22nd 2005 from http//www.useit.com/alert
  box/990613/html
• Nielsen J. (2005) Accessibility is not enough.
  Alertbox November 21 2005. Retrieved December
  22nd 2005 from http//www.useit.com/alertbox/acces
  sibility.html
• Paciello M. (2000) Web accessibility for people
  with disabilities. Lawrence CMP Books
• Petrie et al . (2005) Remote usability
  evaluations with disabled people. N.Y. ACM Press
• ?????p?t?????? G., ?e???????e? ?????f?????? ??a
  t?? ?p?st????? ?t?µ?? µe ??ap???e? st??
  ??ß??????e?, Seµ?????? ?p?????? 2006
• www.w3c.gr
• www.wai.org
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/webaccessibility

38
??????S?O G?? ??? ???S??? S?S
39
??????S?O G?? ??? ???S??? S?S
40
??????S?O G?? ??? ???S??? S?S