CNT-FED Part I Yesterday and Today

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CNT-FED Part IYesterday and Today
Min Hee Cho, Changhwan Shin, Wookhyun Kwon
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Roadmap
Part I Yesterday and Today Display
technology summary CRT ? LCD ? FED
Current CNT FED technology and limitation
Part II New technology AM (Active matrix)
CNT-FED Transparent CNT-FED for HUD (Head up
display)
Part III Application marketing strategy
Target application (HUD) Marketing strategy
Business Plan
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Outline for CNT-FED Part I

• 1. Introduction - CNT Application
• - Depending Champion LCD
• - Quick review for FED
• 2. Technology for FED CNT
• 2.1 FED development
• - from CRT to FED
• - Pixel control in FED
• - FED history
• - Performance competition
• 2.2 BLU (Back Light Unit)
• - Local Dimming
• - LCD vs BLU
• 2.3 CNT merit
• - The technology for CNT emitter
• - Issues in CNT emitter
• - Common issue
• 3.Summary

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Outline

• 1. Introduction - CNT Application
• - Depending Champion LCD
• - Quick review for FED
• 2. Technology for FED CNT
• 2.1 FED development
• - from CRT to FED
• - Pixel control in FED
• - FED history
• - Performance competition
• 2.2 BLU (Back Light Unit)
• - Local Dimming
• - LCD vs BLU
• 2.3 CNT merit
• - The technology for CNT emitter
• - Issues in CNT emitter
• - Common issue
• 3.Summary

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1. Introduction - CNT -
Single-walled CNT Double-walled
CNT Multiwalled CNT
Diameter 1/100,000 of a hair (1-100nm) Thermal
conductivity 10 times of diamond Strength
more than 2 times of spiders thread Ultra high
current densities 1010 A/cm2 (Cu 107 A/cm2)
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Application
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Depending Champion in Flat Display LCD
LCD
Who is Next?
CRT
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Quick review for FED
FED Field Emission Display
Why FED ! low power (3050 of LCD,PDP)
very high contrast level light weight
(compared to LCD) very slim (compared to LCD)
be able to make up for loss pixel ? dream of
display !!
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Outline

• 1. Introduction - CNT Application
• - Depending Champion LCD
• - Quick review for FED
• 2. Technology for FED CNT
• 2.1 FED development
• - from CRT to FED
• - Pixel control in FED
• - FED history
• - Performance competition
• 2.2 BLU (Back Light Unit)
• - Local Dimming
• - LCD vs BLU
• 2.3 CNT merit
• - The technology for CNT emitter
• - Issues in CNT emitter
• - Common issue
• 3.Summary

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2. Technology for FED CNT
from CRT to FED CRT
CRT operation Powered by an electron gun ?
Thermionic emission (Boiling" them off a
metal filament) ? Scanned across the screen
CRT advantage - high contrast levels -
very fast response times ? Now disappear Because
of Thickness Power
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from CRT to FED FED structure
cones (Spindt tip)
Main difference Many electron guns
Sharp tip Field emission ? Thermionic
emission vs Field emission (FED)
Emitter field electron sources to provide
electrons ? strike colored phosphor 
? produce a color image. In order to maximize
performance Carbon Nanotube (CNT) technology
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Bad Pixel in LCD
Computer Synthetic beauty
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Bad Pixel in LCD
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Pixel control in FED
So tiny and many tips
in some pixels being inoperable ? find the dead
emitters ? corrected by slightly increasing the
pulse (make up for the loss )
Technical Advantage ? increase yield (reduce
the pixel loss)
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FED history
1991
1997
2000
spindt type was researched
CNT FED
Micro tip Full color FED
FED systems started
2003
2004
Now
Prepare CNT FED mass production But not yet
CNT BLU
-38 CNT FED TV
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Performance competition
The performance should be satisfied to be a
future FPD TV.
ITEM FED LCD PDP
Brightness ? ? ?
Contrast ? ? ?
Color gamut ? ? ?
Brightness Uniformity ? ? ?
Power Consumption ? ? ?
Response time ? ? ?
View angle ? ? ?
Gray scale ? ? ?
Resolution ? ? ?
Weight ? ? ?
Major requirement
High Contrast Wide Viewing Angle High
Resolution Color Gamut Fast Response
Resolution Energy Saving
?Excellent ?Very Good ?Good ?Intermediate
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Outline

• 1. Introduction - CNT Application
• - Depending Champion LCD
• - Quick review for FED
• 2. Technology for FED CNT
• 2.1 FED development
• - from CRT to FED
• - Pixel control in FED
• - FED history
• - Performance competition
• 2.2 BLU (Back Light Unit)
• - Local Dimming
• - LCD vs BLU
• 2.3 CNT merit
• - The technology for CNT emitter
• - Issues in CNT emitter
• - Common issue
• 3.Summary

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2.2 BLU (Back Light Unit)
The advantage of LCD FED
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Local Dimming
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LCD vs BLU
CNT is used for an electron emitter in both
CNT-FED and CNT-BLU with many common technologies.
Fast motion Blinking BLU Dynamic BLU
Natural color
Local Dimming
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Outline

• 1. Introduction - CNT Application
• - Depending Champion LCD
• - Quick review for FED
• 2. Technology for FED CNT
• 2.1 FED development
• - from CRT to FED
• - Pixel control in FED
• - FED history
• - Performance competition
• 2.2 BLU (Back Light Unit)
• - Local Dimming
• - LCD vs BLU
• 2.3 CNT merit
• - The technology for CNT emitter
• - Issues in CNT emitter
• - Common issue
• 3.Summary

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2.3 CNT merit
CNTs 1gt Small tip radius The efficiency of
the field emitters 2gt High aspect ratio 3gt High
conductivity
Materials and Design 28 (2007)
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The technology for CNT emitter
Paste emitter
Directly grown emitter
catalyst dot
PECVD
Uniform CNT length / Possibility for higher
resolution FED
Low cost / Large area
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Issues in CNT emitter
Emitter type Issues Target Approach
Paste emitter Emitter length uniformity gt 70 (1 - s/µ) Raw CNT control
Paste emitter Residual minimized Paste composition
Directly grown emitter (CVD) Large area deposition system development gt 40 Collaboration with machine maker
Directly grown emitter (CVD) Diameter decrease gt 5nm _at_ 450C Catalyst control Precursor control
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Common issue
Target value Technology
High voltage stability 1015kV Charge drain structure
Lifetime 30,000hr use rigid CNTs Operation condition optimization
Brightness efficiency 6070 lm/W Anode screen optimization Cathode emission fill factor improvement Operation condition optimization
Due to - Inter-pixel uniformity - Life time
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Outline

• 1. Introduction - CNT Application
• - Depending Champion LCD
• - Quick review for FED
• 2. Technology for FED CNT
• 2.1 FED development
• - from CRT to FED
• - Pixel control in FED
• - FED history
• - Performance competition
• 2.2 BLU (Back Light Unit)
• - Local Dimming
• - LCD vs BLU
• 2.3 CNT merit
• - The technology for CNT emitter
• - Issues in CNT emitter
• - Common issue
• 3.Summary

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Summary for Part I

• ? CNT FED picture quality is quite comparable to
  conventional LCD or PDP device
• ? CNT Backlight have superior capacity to express
  high image quality such as high contrast
• and low power consumption
• ? CNT is most promising material for FED
• ? There still remain some obstacles
• High voltage stability , Lifetime ,
• Uniform fabrication , Large area process

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CNT-FED Part II New Technology for CNT-FED Min
Hee Cho, Changhwan Shin, Wookhyun Kwon
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Outline 1. New approach for the current
CNT-FED AM (Active-Matrix) CNT-FED 2.
Transparent CNT-FED for HUD SWNT-SOG
composite for transparent FED
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Outline 1. New approach for the current
CNT-FED AM (Active-Matrix) CNT-FED 2.
Transparent CNT-FED for HUD SWNT-SOG
composite for transparent FED
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Current CNT-FED

• Why CNT?
• nano-size tip, high-aspect-ratio, high
  stability ? ideal field-emission material
• 2. Current CNT emitter structures

Spindt-type CNT emitter fabricated by paste method
Under-gate-type CNT emitter fabricated by paste
method
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Technical Issues
0 no high-efficient low-voltage phosphor
accelerating voltage gt 7kV spacer
charge 1 no ideal triode emitter structure 2
hard to implement inter-pixel uniformity 3
Lifetime is not guaranteed (due to heat)
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Alternative technology fabrication
Other issues 1) Difficulty to implement the
ideal triode structure with CNT
2) Spacer high accelerating voltage required.
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New approach for the current CNT-FED AM(Active-Ma
trix)-CNT-FED

• Amorphous-silicon TFT (a-Si TFT) used for the
  switching device in LCD is utilized to control
  the CNT emitters in the AM-CNT FED.- a-SI TFT
  integrated with the cathode-plate Address TFT
  Driver TFTs
• TMG gating to induce electric-field emission
  and prevent anodes electric-field, integrating
  e-beams
• Anode plate with R/G/B phosphor, and Spacers
  supporting vacuum-packed emitters
• - Operating VDD only depends on TFT
  characteristics, due to signal inputs on G/S of
  the TFTs

Tapered Macro-Gate
AM-CNT FED panel view (top), and its
cross-sectional view (bottom)
AM-CNT FED panel view (top), and its
cross-sectional view (bottom)
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Possibility of the AM-CNT FED
No high-efficient low-voltage phosphor ?
Accelerating voltage (gt 7kV) required. Alternative
TMG can obtain the required accelerating
voltage of the anode. Emitted
e-beams can be integrated at the anodes phosphor
by TMG Prevent cross-talk
Low IOFF at higher VDS
Saturation region gt 150V less s(Iop)? uniformity
Luminescence vs. anode voltage at the TMG-CNT
emitter
Transfer (top) and output (bottom) characteristic
of the series-connected a-Si TFT
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Outline 1. New approach for the current
CNT-FED AM (Active-Matrix) CNT-FED 2.
Transparent CNT-FED for HUD SWNT-SOG
composite for transparent FED
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Transparent CNT-FED
Tin-Oxide-coated glass substrate used to
synthesize the SWNT
Tin-oxide-coated glass
The SWNT film was purified, by ethanol treatment,
to increase the adhesion of SWNTs with the
substrate.
Cleaning
Arc discharge method to synthesize SWNT
The SWNT film was oxidized, to burn out amorphous
carbon and oxidize the metal catalyst.
The purified SWNT film spin coated with SOG
solution, then heated to remove moisture and
solvent.
The film was exposed out of SOG by etching the
top surface of the composite film in diluted HF
solution.
Flowchart of fabrication process for the
transparent CNT-FET based on a composite of SWNT
and SOG.
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Summary
- AM-CNT-FED can overcome the current CNT-FED
technical issues. - Transparent CNT-FED can be
fabricated cheaply and demonstrated.
Reference
1 ETRI annual research report 2 Nguyen V. Quy
et al., SWNT-SOG composite for transparent field
emission device, Journal of Crystal Growth, Sep.
2008.
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CNT-FED Part III Applications and Marketing
Strategy
Min Hee Cho, Changhwan Shin, Wookhyun Kwon
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Outline

• Applications
• CNT Head-up Display (HUD)
• Marketing Strategy for CNT-HUD
• Market Size
• Target Customers
• SWOT Analysis
• Investment
• Conclusion

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Target Application
Application Flat Panel Display Back Light Unit Head-Up Display (H.U.D.)
Market Size Largest single market Large Niche
Risk Highly competitive Competitive Small market size
Competitor LCD PDP CCFL LED Laser hologram LED projection
Requirement High quality image High speed response Low cost Brightness Low power High transparency
Investment Min. 100 million (Samsung 840 million) Min. 10 million (CMO 19.4 million) Min. 1 million
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Older Head-Up Display

• Military and Civilian Aircraft

lt Targetinggt
lt Navigation for night landinggt

• Major technologies
• Laser Hologram

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Head-Up Display Automobile

• HUD in BMW 7 series

• Mounted on the dashboard
• Projecting information onto the windshield
• Available only for luxury cars

• Major technologies
• TFT-LCD projection
• LED projection

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Drawbacks of Old Technologies

• Laser Hologram

• Dashboard Projection

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CNT-FED technology for HUD
The first HUDs, failed to wow the consumer as
hoped.
Solid-state electronics new to HUD have produced
dramatic improvement

• Limited functionality
• Lack of clarity
• Insufficient brightness

• More clarity
• More color
• Brighter display

• CNT-FED technology can provide
• Transparency
• Higher brightness
• Clarity
• Functionality

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Advanced HUD in Airplane

• 200 lighter and smaller
• Support TV like images
• Enhance pilot comfort
• Increased head clearance
• Increased volume of head motion box
• Pilots head cant obscure image

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HUD in Entire Front Windshield of Car

• Telemetric Display can provide an intelligent
  driving experience!
• Traffic information
• Navigation
• Video phone
• Safety warning

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Market Size
HUD Market to reach 400 million by 2012 EE Times
(21/Jun/2007) A new research brief from ABI
Research has predicted that head-up display (HUD)
solutions that display key information in the
driver's line of sight, reducing the need to look
away from the road ahead, will comprise a
Rs.1,634.67 crore (400 million) market by 2012.
The HUD solution addresses raised concerns
related to assortment of applications in today's
cars, from navigation to information and
entertainment that pulls the driver's attention
away from the basic task of driving.

• Demand for automobile HUD is rapidly growing.
• The real market exceeds the expectation.

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Competitors
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Target Customers
Airplane Makers
Automotive Component Suppliers
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S.W.O.T. Analysis
STRENTH
WEAKNESS

• Transparency
• Higher brightness
• CRT like images

• Small market size
• Reliability and Lifetime
• Yield
• ? AM-CNT technology

OPPORTUNITY
THREAT

• Growing market
• Few competitors
• High price market
• Airplane
• Luxury car

• Old solution providers
• Laser hologram
• Projection
• Major company
• Patent protection
• I.P. provider

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Development Plane (Phase I)
1st Investment (Seed Money)
1000K (1M)
Patents
10 patents x 30K - 300K
Proto-type
- 600K
Promotion
- 100K
2nd Investment from Buyers
gt 20 M
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Conclusion

• CNT-FED is promising technology for future
  display, but this has limitations
• To overcome these limitation, we introduce
  AM-CNT-FED.
• To get product differentiation, we introduce
  transparent display.
• HUD application is good target market to avoid
  high risks at the begging stage.
• We are finding angels who invest seed money!