Chapter 5.1 Notes

1

• Chapter 5.1 Notes
• Daily Focus
• What are the (3) reasons for the founding of the
  colonies?
• Which colonial region did not have cities and why
  not?

2
Chapter 5.1 Notes Early American Culture
3
Land Ownership and Social Status

• In the colonies land helped determine social
  status. Most people were small farmers who owned
  a bit of land.

4
Women in Colonial Times

• Women were mostly farm wives that cooked, hand
  made goods, wove cloth, cleaned, among many other
  chores. Women tended a garden, looked after farm
  animals and worked in the fields during harvest
  time.

5
Colonial Children

• Children began farm work as early as three or
  four. Boys began working all day with their
  fathers at 6 years old and at 11 years old could
  possibly be sent away as an apprentice to learn a
  craft. Girls typically stayed at home and learned
  household skills.

6
Colonial Education

• Education was valued in the colonies, especially
  in New England where schools could be free. To go
  past basic writing and arithmetic skills,
  children would have to come from a wealthy family
  to hire a tutor. Most curriculum was bible based.
  Literacy was significantly higher in New England
  compared to across the Atlantic in England.

7
Colonial Newspapers and Books

• Even though literacy was high in the colonies it
  was difficult to get books from England.
  Colonists began to publish newspapers that drew
  the colonies together.

8
Great Awakening

• In the 1730s and the 1740s a religious movement
  called the Great Awakening affected colonial
  culture and thought.

Great Awakening
9
Great Awakening

• Traveling ministers would preach to church
  congregations speaking of religious emotions and
  relationship with God rather than just outward
  religious acts. Many churches gained members and
  trained ministers by establishing colleges like
  Princeton and Brown.

Princeton
10
Great Awakening

• The controversial preaching sparked many churches
  to split and question why or how religion should
  be practiced. This contributed to the colonial
  belief in challenging authority and accepting of
  many different peoples.

11
Enlightenment

• Opposite to the religious and emotional movement
  of the Great Awakening, was an intellectual
  movement named the Enlightenment. The
  Enlightenment stressed using reason and science
  to gain knowledge.

12
Enlightenment

• The most famous American Enlightenment thinker
  was Benjamin Franklin. His contributions to
  society were based on intellect and common sense
  ideas. He invented the lightning rod, bifocal
  glasses, the Franklin stove, and daylight savings
  time. Ben Franklin also organized a fire
  department, library and the first post office.

13
Enlightenment

• Another Enlightenment figure was a philosopher
  named John Locke. He wrote that people have
  natural rights and the government should protect
  these rights. He also challenged the Kings right
  to rule.

14
Chapter 5.2 Notes Roots of Representative
Government
Daily Focus 1. What religious movement went
through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s? 2.
What movement emphasized reason and science?
15
Chapter 6 Roots of Rebellion

• Vocabulary

• Main Ideas

• Monarch a ruler
• Parliament British law making branch of
  government
• Assembly - an elected group that makes laws

• Through Glorious Revolution and English Bill of
  Rights, English citizens gained more power to
  govern themselves
• All colonial governments had a governor, council
  and assembly
• Colonists had many rights and freedoms but some
  of them were limited

16
CHAPTER 6 -English Citizen Rights

• English colonists expected to have certain rights
  guaranteed to all English citizens. English
  rights primarily came from two documents. The
  Magna Carta gave citizens the right to a jury
  trial. The English Bill of Rights limited the
  power of the king and gave power to the
  Parliament (English Legislature) to make laws and
  impose taxes. Parliament represented the people
  of England.

Magna Carta
English Bill of Rights
limited the power of English monarchs
17
Parliament and Colonial Government

• One of the most important English rights was to
  elect representatives to Parliament
• Parliament was Englands lawmakers

18
Conflict Resolution 5 mins

• The leader of a club you are in is becoming too
  bossy and will not let others participate as much
  as they should.
• How can the club members convince the leader to
  share responsibilities?
• Can this situation be handled with discussion, or
  do new rules need to be passed?

19

• The Glorious Revolution

• Rights of English Citizens

• Struggle between Parliament (Protestants) and
  Monarch (Catholic)
• King James II wanted to create an all-Catholic
  govt.
• Parliament plotted to overthrow King, King fled
  to France and his daughter Mary (a Protestant)
  and her husband William of Orange come to power.
• They agree to Parliament having more power to tax
  citizens, pass laws and approve the existence of
  a permanent army.

• Bill of Rights gave more power to Parliament.
• John Locke Men beingby nature all free, equal,
  and independent, no one canbe subjected (be put
  under) to the political power of another, without
  his own consent.
• According to Locke, what is needed before a
  person is given political power over others?
• He believed that the ruler must act in the
  interests of the people. If the ruler did not do
  that then people had the right to withdraw their
  support and replace the ruler.

20
Parliament and Colonial Government

• Since Parliament was so far away, many colonies
  elected assemblies
• These assemblies imposed taxes and managed the
  colonies

21
Parliament and Colonial Government

• Some colonies had royal governors to rule them
• No colonies had representatives in Parliament but
  Parliament passed laws that affected them
• The royal governors were the ones that enforced
  these laws

22
Colonial Freedom and its Limits

• Colonists governed themselves even before first
  assemblies made decisions about road repair to
  school master appointments.
• Right to Vote was limited by religion
  (Massachusetts only Puritans could vote later
  disappeared)
• Most common limits were based on race, gender and
  property. (African Americans, Native Americans
  and women not allowed to vote.)
• Only white males who owned property could vote or
  hold public office.

23
Habit of Self Government

• Colonial assemblies gained more power deciding
  how much money to raise for taxes and how to
  spend it.
• Power of the purse- how to spend money for
  taxes or pay for government operations.
• Power shifted from governors to colonial
  assemblies. England busy with wars in Europe and
  relied on American colonists help, hence did not
  interfere.
• Self government or being able to make their own
  laws became a right colonists took for granted.

24
Regulating Trade

• Parliament passed another Navigation Act.
• Customs officials could now search ships
  without notice if they thought they were
  smuggling goods.
• If broke rules tired in naval courts not by
  juries.
• Many ignored laws, some complained
• England worried about Frances growing presence
  in North America.

25
Parliament and Colonial Government

• During 1700-1750 governors rarely interfered with
  colonial assemblies
• Parliaments laws were often not enforced which
  was called salutary neglect

Salutary Neglect
26
Chapter 6.2 Notes The French and Indian War

• Daily Focus
• What 2 English documents gave English citizens
  rights?
• What was Englands lawmaking body?
• Not enforcing the Navigation Acts would be a form
  of what?

27
The French and Indian War

• Native American alliances, competition in the fur
  trade, and a desire to control more land in North
  America led to a war between France and England.
  This conflict between the years 1754 1763 was
  the French and Indian War.

28
The French and Indian War

• Much of the war was fought in the backcountry up
  near the Great Lakes (Ohio River Valley.)

29
The French and Indian War

• A little known major in the British army failed
  to fight well and was forced to surrender his
  soldiers to the French. Even though he failed,
  George Washington gained vital military
  experience that would serve him later on.

30
The French and Indian War

• During the French and Indian War, Benjamin
  Franklin proposed that the colonies work together
  and unite in order to better fight against the
  French. His proposal to unite was the Albany Plan
  of Union. It failed to pass approval from the
  colonial legislatures.

Albany Plan of Union
31
The French and Indian War

• Britain and France fought each other all over the
  world during this time. Britain proved itself
  superior militarily and won the war in 1763. The
  Treaty of Paris (1763) officially ended the
  French and Indian War.

As a result, France gave up all of its land in
North America. England took over the land east of
the Mississippi.
32
Results of The French and Indian War

• Another result of the war was the British
  mistreatment of the Native Americans. They were
  attacked and pushed out of their homelands in the
  Northwest.

33
Pontiacs Rebellion

• The colonists fought back with smallpox infected
  blankets and started a deadly outbreak. The
  Native Americans retreated.

34
Proclamation of 1763

• In order to avoid conflict and save military
  costs, the British government issued the
  Proclamation of 1763.

35
Proclamation of 1763

• This forbade colonists from moving west of the
  Appalachian Mountains. This upset the colonists
  who thought they had earned the right to settle
  in the West.

Proclamation Line of 1763
36
Mercantilism

• An economic system that stresses increasing
  national wealth by selling more than buying in
  foreign trade.

37
In other words

• The Mother Country sets up a colony (to
  represent its country, or empire) in another part
  of the world in order to benefit from the natural
  resources there.

38
Who benefited from this system?

• Britain because the colonies sent the raw
  materials like iron, lumber and cotton to
  Britain. The raw materials were made into
  finished goods like furniture, clothes and tools
  and shipped back to the colonies and other parts
  of the world.
• Colonists were expected to buy finished products
  from England rather than produce their own.