The English Colonies

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Life in the English Colonies Government Trade
Economics Society Culture
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English Colonies

• All of the English Colonies in America fell under
  the authority of the King. However, some were
  more directly ruled than others
• Privy Council - a group of royal advisors who set
  English policies in the colonies

Member of the Privy Council
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Types of Colonial Charters

• Proprietary Colonies colonial charter given to
  one or more individuals (proprietors) (i.e.
  Pennsylvania)
• Company (charter) Colonies colonial charter
  given to a company or group of settlers (i.e.
  Virginia)
• Royal Colonies colonies directly controlled by
  the crown (i.e. New York)

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Colonial Governments

• Most Colonial Governments had three parts
• Governor selected by crown, proprietor,
  company/group
• Advisory Council same as above
• Colonial assembly selected by the citizens,
  laws must be approved by Governor and
  Advisory Council

Reconstructed church in Jamestown where the first
meeting of the House of Burgesses was held in 1619
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Colonial Government

• Town Meetings men of colonies met once or more
  a year
• Made decisions about schooling, local taxes,
  future of unsettled land, etc.
• Popular in New England, Middle Colonies
• Colonial Courts
• Mostly royal colonies
• Upheld town laws and English laws
• 1689English Bill of Rights
• 1733John Peter Zenger freedom of the press

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English Trade Laws

• Mercantilism economic system where a nation
  creates and maintains wealth by controlling
  trade, resulting in a favorable balance of trade
  (exports gtimports)
• Navigation Acts trade laws passed by England
  between 1650-1696
• Required the bulk of Colonial trade to be done
  with England
• Enumerated items, i.e. Sugar, Rice, Tobacco, etc.
  
• Most trade goods to or from the colonies had to
  pass through England
• Subject to duties (import taxes), raises costs
  for Americans
• Limited American trading options

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Colonial Trade

• Triangular Trade - brought many slaves,
  manufactured goods, and molasses to Colonies in
  exchange for rum, raw materials, fur
• Triangular trade brought over 10 million slaves
  to the Americas
• The long, terrifying journey bringing slaves
  across the Atlantic was called the Middle Passage

An example of Triangular Trade
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Complete each diagram by identifying the goods
being shipped from each country


Manufactured Goods
1.

Food Lumber

Sugar, Molasses Fruit
West Indies/ Caribbean
.
Tools Rum
Molasses Sugar
2.
West Indies/
Africa

Caribbean

Slaves, Gold, Pepper

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The Middle Passage

• Roughly 1/3 died in transit
• Generally took 6-9 weeks
• Each slave was shackled to other slaves below
  deck and confined to a space of 18 high, 16
  wide, and 5 ½ feet long
• Many times, slaves were not able to move for the
  entirety of the voyage

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Middle Passage
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The Great Awakening

• Widespread Christian movement involving sermons
  and revivals that emphasized faith in God and
  Calvinist teachings
• recognition of depraved sinful nature, need for
  Jesus
• 1730-1750
• Evangelical thrust to bring in new converts,
  refocus stagnant Christians
• Focus on emotional response
• Spiritual revival caused a division in the
  churches between traditionalists and the new
  ideas
• Old Lights vs. New Lights
• Growth of Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians
• Significant increase in communication between
  people in different coloniestravelling
  preachers.
• George Whitefield

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The Great Awakening Changes Society

• Jonathan Edwards
• Preached that all people were born sinners to be
  saved by the will of God
• Believed in free will
• Opportunity to be saved was available to allrich
  and poor alikeled to demands for political
  equality as well.
• Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

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American Culture

• Scientific Revolutionbegan in math and
  astronomy, but led to advances in all areas of
  natural science.
• 1543-1700
• How the universe works
• Ideas of gravity, solar system, physics, etc.
• The Enlightenmentreason and logic used in
  scientific observation is applied to human
  actions and events in relation to the world.
• 18th century
• John Locke thinker/writer who influenced
  founders
• Social Contractexists between government and her
  citizens who had natural rights

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Education

• Educationvaried widely in colonies
• New England and Pennsylvaniapublic town schools
• Middle Southernchildren taught by
  parents/tutors

New England Primer