???? Fiction Translation

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???? Fiction Translation
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About Fiction

• ??(Definition)????????????????,???????????????,??
  ????,??????,????????,??????????????????????
• ???(Three factors)????(Character)?????(Plot)???(E
  nvironment)(?????????)?
• ??(Features)(1)???,???????(2)???????????,????
  ??????????(3)??????????????,???????????,??????????
  ,???????????,????????,??????,????,?????,????????
  ??? (4)????????????,?????????,?????????,??????

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About Fiction

• Categorization
• 1.???????(mini-novel),????(novelette)
  ,????(novella),????(novel)
• 2.???????,????,????,????,????,????,????,????,???
  ?,????, ????,????, ????, ??????, ????, ???, ????,
  ?????
• 3.?????????,??????,??????,??????,??????,??????,?
  ????,????,????,???????

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About Fiction

• Development
• ????????????,??????????,?????????,????????????????
  ????????,??????????,?????????????????????????,????
  ??????

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Relevant Translating Theories

• ???(Domestication)
• ???(Foreignization)
• ????????(Faithfulness, Expressiveness and
  Elegance)??????????(Closeness)
• ?????????(Eugene A. Nidas Functional
  Equivalence)

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Domestication Foreignization

• ???????????????????????(Lawrence
  Venuti)?1995???????????????(The Translators
  Invisibility A History of Translation)??????????
  ????????,????????????????

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• ???????????????????,???????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????

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• Domestication refers to a translation strategy in
  which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in
  order to minimize the strangeness of the target
  text for target language readers (Shuttleworth
  and Cowie). While Chesterman defines
  domestication as this domestication assimilates
  a text to target culture and linguistic values.

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• Foreignization, on the other hand, means taking
  the reader over to the foreign culture, making
  him or her see the cultural and linguistic
  differences.
• Foreignizing translation signifies the difference
  of the foreign text, yet only by disrupting the
  cultural codes that prevail in the target
  language.

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????? ? ?????

• ? express the main idea
• ? smooth and natural
• ? adopting elegant words and syntaxes that
  were used before Han Dynasty
• ?????????????????
• ? precisely conveying the content of the SL
  to the TL
• ? being explicit and smooth
• ? safely and soundly keeping the original
  taste and style
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????

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Eugene A. Nidas Functional Equivalence

• According to Nida, translation is reproducing in
  the receptor language the closest natural
  equivalent of the source-language message, first
  in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of
  style (Nida and Taber,2004)
• He defined Functional Equivalence is that the
  readers of a translated text should be able to
  comprehend it to the point that they can conceive
  of how the original readers of the text must have
  understood and appreciated it (Nida,2000)

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Strategies of Fiction Translation

• ??????? (Domesticating method)
• ??????? (Foreignizing method)
• ?????????? (The both in coordination)

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Domesticating Method

• ??(Eugene. A. Nida)????????????????????????????,
  ?????????,?????????????,????????????????????(Nid
  a and Taber,1969)
• ??,??????????????????????,?????,?????? (Nida
  and Taber,1969)

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Domesticating Method

• ???????(functional isomorphs)???,??????????????,
  ????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????,???????????????????,??????????????????

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Advantages of Domesticating Method

• ????????,????????????????????????????????????,????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ??,????????????,????????????????????????

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• ??? a drawn rat
• ??? a lion in the way
• ???? love me,love my dog
• ???? as timid as rabbit
• ???? for the birds
• ???? goose flesh
• ????? four Asian Tigers

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(1)???????

• ????.F.??????????????,?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????,?????????????,??????????
  ??????

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Examples from Outlaws of the Mars by Shi Naian

• ??????????????
• brought down a shower of leaves and
  branches
• ????????????,???????????,?????
• You and Corporal Zhang buy and cook
  the three kinds of sacrificial meat, and wait for
  me. Ill join you just as soon as Ive bought
  some sacrificial paper ingots and candles

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• ??????????????!
• Mistress Wang agreed. The
  marriage god makes some crazy matches.
• ???????????????????,?????????,????,???????,???
  ?????,?????
• I hear that three robber chieftains
  have formed a gang of six or seven hundred
  bandits on Mount Shaohua who raid and pillage,
  he said, If our manor sounds the alarm, all of
  you come running with your weapons,
• translated by
  Sidney.Shapiro

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(2)???????

• ????????????????,??????????,????????????????????
  ???????????????
• ????????,????????,???????????????????,????????????
  ,???????????????????????????????

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Examples from A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao
Xueqin

• ???????????! ?????,?????,?????,????!
  ??????????????(allusion and slang)
• Pointing an accusing finger at her she
  swore,"What's all this talk of 'good news ' and
  'good fortune? '
• translated by Yang
  Xianyi

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• ??????????, ????,????????,??,??,?????,?????(custom
  s and conventions)
• In both mansions, new door-gods had been
  pasted up on all the doors, the inscribed boards
  at the sides and over the tops of gateways had
  been repainted, and fresh good luck
  slips---auspicious couplets written in the best
  calligraphy on strips of scarlet paper--- had
  been pasted up at the sides of all the entrance.
• translated by
  David Hawkes

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• ??????,????,?????????????(set-phrase)
• the flames spread from house to house until
  the whole street was blaze like a flaming
  mountain
• 
  ??
• ???????,????????(poetry)
• Transplanted treasures, dear to me as
  gold--/Both the pale clumps and those of darker
  hue!
• 
  ??

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Foreignizing Method

• ?????????????(Lawrence Venuti)???????????????????
  ??????,???????????,???????????????????????????????
  ??????,??????????,???????,??????????
• ???????,???????????????????????,??,???????????????
  ???????????????????,???????????????,??????????????
  ??????

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Advantages of Foreignizing Method

• ??????????,??????????????????????????,??,?????????
  ??????????????,??????????????????,????????????????
  ????

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• ??? dink/dinc double income no kid/child
• ??? ivory tower
• ????? armed to teeth
• ??? paper tiger
• ?? Kowtow
• ?? Kung Fu
• ?? chaw main

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Examples from Fortress Besiegedby Qian Zhongzhu

• Simile
• ????????, ?????????????????,????????????
• The viciousness of a kind, simple-hearted
  soul, like gritty sand in rice or splinters in a
  deboned fish, can give a person unexpected pain.

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• ??????,????,??????,??????????????????????
• Trying to dispel the thought, once it has
  lodged there, seems as agonizing as it is for a
  pregnant woman to have an abortion.

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• Metaphor
• ?(???)??????,????????????,??????????,??????????,??
  ?????????
• In grade school he was the butt of his
  classmates jokes for with such a large target,
  no shot could ever miss the mark.

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• ?????????,?????,???????????,?????????????
• After a few glasses of wine, Li Mei-ting had
  fully revived. Whereas before he had been an
  insect of early spring, now he was an insect of
  Dragon Boat Festival time.

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• Metonymy
• ??????,??????,??????????????????????
• Ultimately everything came out well, and we
  reached the Western Paradise. (Buddhist Heaven)

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• Personification
• ???,???????????????,????????????????????
• Two days later they drew out the money. Their
  shoes had by this time become so familiar with
  the route from hotel to bank that the shoes could
  have made the trip by themselves.

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• Hyperbole
• ???????????????????????????
• Fang wished he could have crushed every bone
  in Miss Sus thin body to lime powder.

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• Irony
• ???????????,????,??????????,??????????????????????
  ?
• The Irishman was so enraged that he cursed
  without stop, got drunk and redeyed and sought to
  pick a fight with any Chinese he could find. The
  incident may well mark Chinas sole victory over
  the foreigners since she began to have foreign
  relations or signed her first treaty of commerce.

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• Set Phrase
• ???????????
• Remembering the sayings about returning home
  clothed in glory
• ???????,??????????
• Miss Paos beauty is such a feast to the eye,
  and you got your fill just looking at her and
  didnt have to eat.

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• Proverbs and Sayings
• ????!?????,????? ?,???????!
• Dont be silly! If I want to get married, Id
  have done so a long time ago. Ai, He who has
  seen a great ocean is not easily content with a
  pond!

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• ???????????,???????,???????
• Mrs. Wang is the one who started it all.
  Whoever ties the bell around the tigers neck
  must unite it Im going to see her tomorrow.

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• Slangs
• ?????!
• Why, you---you rotten egg! Miss Su cursed
  him in Chinese.

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• ??????????????,???? ??!?????????????
• Losing his patience, Li burst from his room,
  demanding, You swine, whom are you cursing? Ah
  Fu replied, Im cursing you, you swine.
• translated by Jeanne
  Kelly Nathan K

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Domesticating and Foreignizing in Coordination

• According to John Lyons, Although it may be
  impossible to translate all the sentences of one
  language into the sentences of another without
  distortion of makeshift compromises, it is
  usually possible to get someone who does not know
  the language and the culture of the original to
  understand, more or less satisfactorily, even
  those culture-dependent expressions which resist
  translation into any language with which he is
  familiar.

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??????????

• ????,??????????????????????????????????,??????????
  ???,????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ??

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??????????

• ??????,?????,???????????????,?????????????????????
  ????,????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ???????,??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????,?????????

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Examples from Rickshaw Boy by Laoshe

• ?????????????????
• Xiangzi flushed as crimson as the painted eggs
  which the parents of a new-born child distribute.

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• ???,?????????????????????,??,???????,?????????????
  ?
• At home, Tigress seemed more and more to live
  up to her name. The little room were hot and
  stifling, and with Tigress there he found them
  suffocating?

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• ??????????,??????????,?????????,????????
• The southern half of the sky was still bright
  and sunny, the north was black as pitch. As if
  some catastrophe impended, confusion broke out?

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• ??????!??????????,???????????????,????,???????,
  ????????!?????,????????,?????!???,??????!
• Wait, Xiangzi! Dont go yet! Like a flash
  Tigress saw her way clearly. Her old plan was no
  use now. She must act fast to keep hold of
  Xiangzi otherwise shed lose the hen and the egg
  would be broken too. Were like grasshoppers
  tied to one cord neither can get away! Wait
  until Ive made it all clear!

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Homework

• Try to translate the following sentences selected
  from fictions into English.
• 1.?????,??????????,????,?????????(??)
• 2. ?????????,????????,?????(??)
• 3. ????,?????(????)
• 4. ????????,????????,?????????(???)

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• 5. ????????????,????!????????,?????(???)
  
• 6. ?????,??????????????(????)
• 7.????????,??????????,????????,??????????,????????
  ???????,????,??????! (????)
• 8.??????,????????,??????,?????(????)

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Keys to the Exercise

• 1.If his father were in good mood, he would
  console him with such words as Sometimes a foot
  is too short and an inch is too long. A scholar
  doesnt necessarily make a good teacher.
• 2. Its the same idea as many a daughter into a
  greater family than your own, but take a wife
  from a lesser family than your own.
• 3. It was in the sixth moon, then, and the rooms
  were very hot.

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• 4. . ??
• for then I keep pestering you for three
  pecks of rice today, two pecks of beans tomorrow.
  What could you have done then, uncle?
• ??
• Theyd be round here scrounging all the
  time a pound of rice one day, a quart of beans
  the next. Then you would have something to
  grumble!
• 5.??
• For a Palace Graduate youre not very
  smart. Zixing chuckled. A centipede dies but
  never falls down, as the old saying goes
• ??
• Well! For a Palace Graduate Second Class,
  you ought to know better than that! Havent you
  ever heard the old saying, The beast with a
  hundred legs is a long time dying?

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• 6. Hes bound to question me closely, and Ill
  act like the official of old who was brought as a
  prisoner into the camp of the great General
  Tsao.At first l will be unwilling to say
  anything at all
• 7.Seeing there the rush of horses and men,
  hearing the medley of ear-piercing noises,
  smelling the stench of the dry dirt of the road,
  treading that stinking dust himself, Happy boy
  felt like getting down in the street and kissing
  the earth, the earth that he loved, the earth
  that sustained him?
• 8. At this time, we are already unable to meet
  our daily expenses, but in order to ease her
  mind, I pretended to her that I was going to hire
  a donkey. As a matter of fact, I took the journey
  on foot , merely eating some wheat cakes in my
  pocket whenever I felt hungry.

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??!!