Road to Civil War

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Road to Civil War

• Chapter 14

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I. Mexican War

• 1845-Tex. annexed to the Union
• Polk slave
• holding states
• rights
• advocate
• 3. Boundary in
• dispute
• 4. Presides
• over more
• territory than
• any other pres.

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Mexican War (contd)

• Gen. Zachary Taylor
• crosses Rio Grande
• Patrol unit sent in
• Mex. felt it was an
• invasion fire first shots
• Polk now justified for
• a war.

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II. Wilmot Proviso

• August, 1846Proviso(amendment) to an
  appropriations bill
• Slavery will not exist in ANY territory gained in
  the war w/Mex.
• Wilmot wants free white labor to expand not
  slavery
• Bill passes in the House fails in the Senate

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Wilmot Proviso (contd)

• Significance
• Sectional crises
• North feared slave power nation could become
  slave territory
• South feared N. would not allow them to take
  slaves into the new territory

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III. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1. Feb. 1848Ends Mexican War
2. U.S. gains CA, NM (including UT, NV, AZ)
3. Rio Grande River the southern boundary
4. Mexico gets 15 million
5. We take nothing by conquestThank God.

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Election of 1848

• Lewis Cass Zachary
  Taylor

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IV. Election of 1848

1. Dem. Lewis Cass
2. Popular SovereigntyLet the residents of a
   territory decide, by vote, whether or not to
   allow slavery
3. Free Soil PartyAnti-slavery party Whigs Dem.
4. Oppose expansion of all slavery
5. Taylor wins!!

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V. 1850sDecade of Crisis
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1850sDecade of Crisis (contd)

1. 184980,000 flood CA
2. CA a free state?
3. CA a slave state?
4. Extend the Missouri Line?

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VI. Compromise of 1850
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Compromise of 1850 (contd)

1. CA free state
2. Slavery unrestricted in UT NM territories
3. TX gets 10 million for land
4. Slave trade abolished in D.C. MD
5. Fugitive Slave Act
6. Return of runaways.
7. Free states must return slaves!
8. Denied legal rights to blacks
9. Whites fined/jailed for helping fugitives

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• Harriet Beecher
• Stowe

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VII. Uncle Toms Cabin

• Anti-Fugitive Slave Act
• slavery
• 1852300,000 copies
• 1853Millions sold
• Personalized slavery
• Slaverys human
• suffering
• Based on actual
• Characters events

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VIII. Bleeding Kansas
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Bleeding Kansas

1. KS-NE Act
2. IL Sen. Stephen A. Douglas
3. Divide the Nebraska Territory?Kansas Nebraska
   territories
4. Popular Sovereignty
5. KS NE? ABOVE 3630!!!!
6. Repeal Missouri Compromise of 1820.
7. 1854-Pierce sings into law

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IX. Violence in Kansas

• Pro-slavery from MO enter KS
• Border Ruffians
• Anti-slavery Northerners also settle.
• Bleeding Kansas

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Violence in Kansas (contd)

• Pro-slavery ruffians Lecompton, KS
• Lecompton ConstitutionSlavery in KS
• Anti-slavery Topeka, KS
• John BrownPottawatomie Creek
• kills 5

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X. A New Party is Born

• N. Dems. believe Union sold out to the S.
  Dems.in regard to slavery.
• Republican PartyOpposed to the expansion of
  slavery KS/NE Act.

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• Roger Taney Dred Scott

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XI. Dred Scott Decision

1. March 6, 1857
2. 3630 unconst.
3. Blacks were not citizens
4. Cant to sue in federal court
5. TaneyCongress couldnt deny a person their
   property under the Const.
6. Missouri Comp. 1820?unconst. deprived people of
   their property

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• Abraham Lincoln vs. Stephen A. Douglas

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XII. John Brown

1. Harpers Ferry, VA
2. Big slave rebellion?
3. Failure
4. Caught, tried, executed
5. Confederate Army begins.

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XIII. Rise of Lincoln the 1860 Election

1. 1858Freeport, IL
2. Lincoln challenged Douglas to defend popular
   sovereignty
3. Freeport DoctrineCommunities would have to pass
   enforce laws to protect slavery.
4. Lincoln brought to the spotlight possible
   Rep. hopeful

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Rise of Lincoln the 1860 Election (contd)

1. Dem. split in 2Douglas from the N. John C.
   Breckenridge S.
2. Rep. nominate Lincoln
3. Most important aspect non-extension of slavery
   to the territories.
4. S. warns secession if Lincoln elected.
5. Lincoln, 40 of pop. vote enough in electoral
   college

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XIII. The South Secedes

• Dec. 20, 1860SC secedes
• Protect states rights, slavery, way of life
• MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX followed. (Later VA, AK,
  NC)
• Feb. 1861Confederate States of America
• Pres. Jefferson Davis

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The South Secedes (contd)

1. Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC
2. S. opens canon fire Union gives up the Federal
   Garrison
3. Conf. celebrated their 1st victory Civil War
   begins. (Bloodies war in U.S. history)