Astronomy:

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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars
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Period 1
How Life Began on the Earth
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Science Subjects
Physics Chemistry Biology Geology Mathematics
Medicine Biochemistry Geophysics Astronomy
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Astronomy is the scientific study of the universe
and the heaven bodies (such as the sun, the moon,
and stars), gas, and dust within it.
astronomer
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The Big Bang
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The Solar system

• eight planets
• many comets
• other objects

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(No Transcript)
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Water Air Life
?
Water is the headspring of life.
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A cloud of dust Combine into a solid
ball Explodewith fire rock (produce H2O,
CO2,O2, N2, other gases)
atmosphere
Cool down
water appeared
Life began
dissolve harmful gases into
Life developed
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The development of life
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The development of life
A cloud of dust ? a solid ball ? presence of
water ? on the water ?
shellfish other fish ? plants
begin to grow on dry land ? insects and
amphibians appear ? retiles appear ? dinosaurs
appear ? mammals appear
insects and amphibians appear
retiles appear
dinosaurs appear
mammals appear
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Good morning/afternoon, I am Dr. Im
greatly honored to be here to give you a speech
about the development of life.
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What problems have been caused by humans
to the earth?
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How to protect the earth and make it a
better place to live on?
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Design an activity on Earth Day

• What the activity is about
• Why the activity is designed
• When and where to do the activity
• Who takes part in the activity
• What to be done in the activity

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• Homework
• Search the Internet for the information of the
  development of life.
• 2. Read and learn good words, phrases or
  structures from Reading.

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Period 2 Using Language Reading Task
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Gravity
the natural force that causes an object to move
toward the centre of the earth.
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Gravity
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Main idea

• I heard about how three men made mistakes when
  they tried to describe gravity.
• I heard about how three men wanted to find out
  about the beginning of the universe.
• I heard about how the idea of gravity has
  developed over a long period of time.
• I heard about three scientists and their work.

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Newton Einstein Hawking
Dates
Idea
Other info.
1642-1727
1879-1955
1942-
Everything is affected by a force called gravity
Gravity is connected to time and space
Black holes eat objects but also spit them
out.
It was about things found in the universe called
black holes.
It was only about the earth.
It was about the universe.
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A visit to the moon
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The change of gravity
Leave the earth
Very strong
Very heavy
In space
Disappeared
Floated weightlessly
On the moon
Very light
The mass will be less
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Last month I visited the moon with my friend.
Before we left, I was told the force of g_____
would change three times on our journey. Then we
took off. As we left the earth, I became very
h_______. Gradually the weight l_______. When I
was in space, it d__________. We f_______
weightlessly in the cabin and I c_____ ___. When
I was on the moon, I was surprised to find out
even walking needs lots of practice n__ ____
gravity changed. The returning of the earth was
very f_________. We were amazed to watch fire
b____ ____ on the outside of the ship.
gravity
heavy
lessened
disappeared
floated
cheered up
now that
frightening
break out
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A black hole
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About us
About the black hole
About others
Circle of lights
In shock and amazement
Light went out Computers stopped working
Large stars
turn away
Like a mouth
Spaceship not move
Feel sick My mouth dry Close my eyes
Pull us into its mouth
Jump and went faster My watch slower
Jumped again,increase its speed as fast as
light,like a bird
I was bumped and banged able to look
Spit objects out
Computer began to work again
exciting
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Homework 1.Search for more about the black
hole. 2.Read these two passages again to find
out how to organize a story.
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Period3 Listening task, talking, listening and
writing
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(No Transcript)
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Why did Li Yanping have his first space walk?
A. To collect data for his research on gravity.
B. To test the function of the new spacesuit.
C. To make the Hubble telescope work again.
C. To make the Hubble telescope work again.
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How to breathe
What to dress
Problems
What to eat
How to cool you
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1.Oxygen can
2.Water system
4. Left engine
5.Right engine
6.Tool kit
3.Gravity boots
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Please look at/ listen to Please check
that You need Please pay attention to
Dont forget to Youd better Make
sure you Watch out for
You must(nt)


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The manned spacecrafts Shenzhou 5 6
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Shenzhou 5 Shenzhou 6
When
Who
How long
video
Oct. 12, 2005
Oct. 15, 2003
Yang Liwei
Fei Junlong Nei Haisheng
21 hours and 23 minutes
5 days
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Interview
Mr. Renault
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True OR False

1. Yang Liwei became an astronaut by chance.
2. Nobody over 170cm can be an astronaut.
3. Yang Liwei trained for 10 years to become a
   pilot.
4. If Yang Liwei had problems in space, there were
   ways to save him.
5. China is the third country to send people into
   space just like Russia and the USA.
6. Yang Liwei thinks he was lucky to be Chinas
   first man in space.

F
F
T
T
T
T
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Info. on Yang Liwei, the astronaut
The exams he passed
Experience
Physical qualities
Personal qualities
Excellent degree and 10 years training
Pilot for the air force of the PLA
Smaller than 170 cm less than 70 kg
Calm, mature, hard-working
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• What have you learnt from the great scientist?
• What qualities should a scientist have?

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What should you do now in preparation for
becoming an astronaut or scientist?
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Writing
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Brainstorming for writing
where
what
when
What will we meet on the moon?
who
Solution
problems
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How to write an outline?
heading
The first paragraph(introduction)
Outline (main idea)
Body (your own ideas on the item)
Conclusion (summing up)
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• Homework
• Search more information on Shenzhou 5 6.
• 2. Read and learn important words or phrases
  learnt in class.

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Period 4
Grammar
Subject clause
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Can you find the following sentence in the
reading passage?
What it was to become was a mystery until the
dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving
around the sun.
In this sentence, a noun clause is used as the
subject.
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Please pick out three more sentences with subject
clauses from the reading passage.
1. because it was not clear whether the solid
shape was to last or not.
2. What scientists think is that the earth was
different because of
3. Whether life will continue on the earth for
millions of years to come will depend on
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P64 USING STRUCTURE
Do you know where we come from? How did the
universe begin? Read the passage and try to
understand how Stephen Hawking solved the
problems?
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1. What has attracted Stephen Hawking all his life?
2. Does he think it simple to answer the questions?
   Whats his opinion?
3. What have we discovered about the universe, past
   and present?
4. How can we have a complete picture of the
   universe?

What the universe is like has attracted him.
No. The answers have always well beyond our reach.
Milky Way galaxy billions of galaxies, in a
universe that is infinite and expanding big
bang black hole a dark matter a possible Big
Crunch.
Learning to understand what we see.
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1. _____ the universe is like has attracted Stephen
   Hawking all his life.
2. _____ is clear and simple about the universe has
   always seemed too difficult for us to answer.
3. _____ the universe exists the way it does is a
   major question to all those who have looked at
   stars like Hawking.
4. _____ has developed over two thousand years of
   observation has to be greatly revised.
5. _____ in the universe we live is not the centre,
   but one of the mine planets orbiting the sun,
   which is just one of millions of stars in our own
   Milky Way galaxy.

What
What
Why
What
where
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6. ______ we understand the universe is the time
when we human beings will have answered all the
questions. 7. ______ we can have a complete
picture of the universe depends on learning to
understand what we see. 8. ______ Hawking wants
to tell us in this text is that we should study
the universe, and understand it.
When
How
What
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??????????,??????????,??????,????????????that,
whether, ????who, what, which, ????when, where,
how, why??
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1.???
1)????that, whether?. that ????????????,???????,?
????????????,??????
That she left him cut him to the heart. That he
will come is certain.
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?whether????????????????,?????
Whether it will please them is not easy to
say. Whether shes coming or not doesnt matter
too much.
2)????who ,what ,which, whatever, whichever,
whoever
What seems easy to some people seems difficult to
others. Which side will win is not clear.
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3)????when,where, how, why??
Why he did it remains a mystery. When they will
start is not known yet. How he became a great
scientist is known to us all.
2.?? ????????,???????it?????,??????????,?????????
1)It be ?? ???? ??(??, ???,????)
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It is a pity that we cant go. It is no surprise
that our team should have won the game. It is an
honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.
It is certain that she will do well in her
exam. It is true that I told her everything.
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in
Beijing. It is reported that China has sent
another manmade earth satellite into orbit.
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2)It???????????? It seemed (happened, doesnt
matter, has turned out) that
It happens that they were absent. It seems that
Alice is not coming to the party at all.
It doesnt matter whether she will come or
not. It makes no difference where we shall have
the meeting.
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3) It ????(????)????
It has been decided that the exhibition will not
open on Sundays.
??
1)????????,????????,??????????????it?????,???????
????,????that?????
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?They should like each other is natural. ?That
they should like each other is
natural. ?It is natural that they should like
each other.
2)??????????,???if??,?????it ?????,???????????,???
?if??.
?If Mary really heard him is really
doubtful. ?It was doubtful if Mary really heard
him.
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1.I have always been honest and straightforward,
and it doesnt matter ______that Im talking
to.A. who is it B. who it is C. it is
who D. it is whom
2. It is pretty well understood ___ controls the
flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere
today. A. that B. when C. what D. how
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3. _____ made the school proud was______ more
than 90 of the students had been admitted to key
universities. A. What because B. What
that C. That what D. That because
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• 4. ______ we will go camping tomorrow depends on
  the weather.
• A. If B. Whether
• C. That D. Where
• 5. _______ that they can pass the written exam
  this time.
• A. That is hoped B. It is hoped
• C. It hopes D. That hopes

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• 6. It was doubtful ____ Mary really heard him.
• A. that B. if C. whether D. what

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Reading comprehension

• Put the following sentences into Chinese
• What it was to become was a mystery until the
  dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving
  around the sun.
• ??????????????,????????????????????????????
• 2. The problem was that the earth became violent
  because it was not clear whether the solid shape
  was to last or not.
• ?????(??)??????,???????????????????

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3. It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful
gases, which had become part of the earths
atmosphere, into the oceans and seas.
??????????????????????,???????
4. Whether life will continue on the earth for
millions of years to come will depend on whether
this problem can be solved.
?????????,?????????????????????????
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Homework
Review the subjective clause. Finish the exercise
on the workbook.
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Period 5
Language points
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1. What it was to become was a mystery until the
dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving
around the sun.

• _________________ (???????)is that
• he didnt come to the meeting.

What surprised everybody
2. ________________(????) added to our
difficulty.
What he did
A

• _____ we cant get seems better than ____ we
  have.
• What what B. What that C. That that D.
  Thatwhat
• _____ made the school proud was _____ more than
  90
• of the students had been admitted to key
  universities.
• A.Whatbecause B. WhatthatC. Thatwhat
  D.Thatbecause

B
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2.The problem was that the earth became violent
because it was not clear whether the solid shape
was to last or not. ?????????????,????????????????
?
n. ?? solid, liquid, gas adj.
??????,???????,???
solid fuels solid food a solid sphere solid
furniture a man of solid build
1) Matter has three states solid, liquid and
gas.
2) When water freezes, it becomes solid and we
call it ice.
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be to (do) (something) will definitely happen,
or it must happen ????????????
e.g.They said goodbye, little knowing that they
were never to meet again. She is to be
honoured for this great work. Mr. Clark said
to his daughter, You are to be home by 10
oclock at the latest.
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3.It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which
were in time to produce the water vapour,
1). (???)??,??
2). (???)??
3). (???)???????
The firework exploded in his hand and he was hurt
seriously.
I was frightened when she exploded into loud
laughter.
Now it is not easy to find jobs with the
exploding population.
explosion n. ??(?)
explosive adj.????,???? n.??,???
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in time (for sth/to do sth) not late ???? She
will be back in time to prepare dinner.
???????????
in time sooner or later eventually ???? Ill
see him in time. ??????????
in/out of time in/not in the correct time
?/???? The audience clapped in time to the
music. ????????????
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4. As the earth cooled down, water began to
appear on its surface. ???????,
?????????????
cool adj.??????
v. (?)??????
1) Lets sit in the shade and get cool. 2)
I knew I had to keep cool. 3) His play
received a cool response from the public.
4) The rain has cooled the air. 5) Let your
soup cool a little before you drink it. 6) A
heated argument can be settled better if both
sides cool down first. 7) I tried to cool her
down but she was still very angry
when she left.
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5. Nobody knew that it was going to be different
from other planets going round the sun.
be very / much / quite / entirely / totally
different from???
1)?????????????
City life is quite different from country life.
2)??????????
Their tastes are different from mine.
There are differences betweenand
???????? tellfrom ?????? the same
as ??? be similar to ???
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going round the sun???????,???,??????????
Men breaking the law will be punished. Men who
break the law will be punished.
?????????,????????????
Can you see the girl dancing with your
boyfriend? Can you see the girl who is dancing
with her boyfriend?
????????????????
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6. It allows the earth to dissolve harmful gases,
which
allow vt. ????????allown./pron./doing
allow sb. to do

be allowed to do
My father doesnt allow smoking at home. In fact
he doesnt allow us to smoke anywhere at any time.
??????????????,??????????????????
Are we allowed to use the computer?
?????????
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be harmful to ???
do harm to sb. do sb. harm ????,??????
1) Pollution is especially harmful to animals.
2) Smoking will do you a lot of harm.
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7. That made it possible for life to begin to
develop.
D

• The foreign Minister said, _____ our hope that
  the two sides will work towards peace. (2004BJ)
• A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is

C
2. I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is
clear and bright. (NMET2004) A. this B. that
C. it D. one
D
3. Why dont you bring ___ to his attention that
you are too busy to do it? A. this B. that C.
what D. it
it?????,????????????,???????
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A
4. Why? I have nothing to confess. ____ you
want me to say? A. What is it that B.
What it is that C. How is it that D.
How it is that 5. Was it at the school ____ was
named after a hero ______ he spent his
childhood? A. which that B. where
where C. that where D. which where
A
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8. They multiplied and filled the first oceans
and seas with oxygen .
multiply (???)??,???(?)??
1) Our problems have multiplied since last year.
2) 2 and 5 multiply to make 10.
3) 6 multiplied by 5 is 30.
Multiply 6 by 5 to make 30.
4) The plants here multiply rapidly.
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9. This encouraged the development of early
shellfish and all sorts of fish.
encourage ??????????????,??????????????
High prices for corn and wheat will encourage
farming.
?????????????????
My success encouraged me to continue.
?????????????
He encouraged me to learn dancing.
?????????
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development (1)U??,????(??)??
The development of this industry will take
several years. ????????????????
(2)C???, ??? a new housing development ?????
(3) C??,?????,?? What are the latest
developments? The use of computers in teaching is
a recent development. ???????????????.
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10. Many millions of years later the first green
plants began to appear on land.
late
adj. ???,???????????
later
adv. ??,????,?? adj. late????(???,???)
adj. ???
latest
lately
adv. recently ??
1) Mr. Zhu Rongji is the late Prime Minister of
China.
2) He is often late for school.
3) She said she would ring you later this
morning.
4) Have you heard about the latest news?
5) Its only lately that she has been well enough
to go out.
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11. When the plants grew into forests, reptiles
appeared for the first time.
She is growing into a beautiful young
woman. ??????????????
????,???????(???????)
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12. They produced young generally by laying eggs.
Its generally believed that????
generally speaking ????,????
1) Its generally believed that girls work harder
than boys do.
2) Generally speaking, women cry more easily than
men.
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The naughty boy ___ to me that the hen that ___
there just now had___ two eggs the day before. A.
laid laid laid B. laid lay lain C. lied
laid lain D. lied lay laid
D
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13. Small clever animals, now with hands and
feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.
vi.
??, ??,??, ??,??
vt.
??,??
1) The news spread through the school very
quickly. 2) Theres a desert spreading for
hundreds of miles.
3) He spread out his arms to welcome us. 4)
I spread a new cloth on the table.
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14. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping
from the earth into space.
???????
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
stop sb. (from) doing sth.
keep sb. from doing sth.
1) We must prevent them from making trouble.
2) You should prevent the child from injuring
himself.
If nothing prevents,
?????????? ,
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15. Whether life will continue on the earth for
millions of years to come will depend on whether
this problem can be solved.
sb. / sth.
sb. to do sth. sb. doing sth.
depend on
sb. /sth. for sth.
wh-
??,??, ??,??,
???,???
1) When you are in a strange place youd better
depend on the map.
2) You cant depend on others to help you.
3) All living things depend on the sun for their
growth. 4) He depends on his pen for his
living.
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5) You can depend on him. Hell lead you
there. 6) Success depends on your own hard
work. 7) Our success depends on whether
everyone works hard.
depend on it ???,???(?????)
That /It (all) depends. ???????
1) Depend on it, youll succeed.
2) He may support me, but it depends .
C
Tell him what you want to say hes a man to __.

A. count B. believe C.
trust D. depend ????/???? count on sb.
believe in sb. depend on sb. trust (in) sb.
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Word study
Translate the following into English

• ???
• ???
• ??????
• ?????
• ?????
• ??
• ????
• ???
• ?
• ??

think of as solar system in time generally
speaking depend on at present make choices
astronomy oxygen prevent from
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make watch wonder be cool multiply begin
exist explode
Where do we come from? How did the universe
__________ ? When we _______ the stars through
the telescope, we _________ why the universe
________ . After the Big Bang ,the earth ______
just a cloud of energetic dust. Somehow it
_________ loudly with fire and rock, which ______
the earths atmosphere. As the earth _______ down
water _______ to appear on its surface, which was
important for the beginning of life. Then living
things __________ on the earth.
watch
begin
wonder
exists
was
exploded
made
cooled
began
multiplied
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Language points for Reading(P30)
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cheer up ??,??,????,????
????????,??????? _____________________ when they
saw the team arrive.
The crowd cheered up
?????????????? He took her _____________ to
____________.
to the concert
cheer her up
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watch do/doing ??,??
?????????????? We _____________________ behind
the trees.
watched the sun setting
????????????,???????????? Every day as they
__________________ , their hearts filled with
hope.
watched the plant grow
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now that ??,??
????????,?????????? _________________________, we
can begin the meeting.
Now that everybody is here
?????????,???????????. _______________________,
you must behave better.
Now that you are a big boy
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We watched amazed as fire broke out on the
outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity
increased.
amazed ?????,??????
????????????. He came in _________ .
unnoticed
break out (??,??,???)??
???,??????. _________________ suddenly at
midnight.
A quarrel broke out
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Homework
Review the reading materials. Find out the
beautiful sentences in this unit.
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Thank you very much. Good bye!
??? ??? ??? ??????? 2007. 3