Unjoo Lee

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• Unjoo Lee

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Outlines

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• Neuroscience
• is a field that is devoted to the scientific
  study of the nervous system
• includes the structure, function, development,
  genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology,
  and pathology of the nervous system
• is to explain behavior in terms of the activities
  of the brain

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• Nervous system
• is composed of a network of neurons and other
  supportive cells, such as glial cells
• neurons form functional circuits, each
  responsible for specific tasks to the behaviors
  at the organism level
• neuroscience can be studied at many different
  levels, ranging from molecular level to cellular
  level to systems level to cognitive level

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• Nervous system
• Neurons transmit nerve messages. Glial cells are
  in direct contact with neurons and often surround
  them

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• Nervous system
• Neuron functional unit, 100billions in human
• Dendrites receive information from another cell
  and transmit the message to the cell body
• Cell body contains the nucleus, mitochondria and
  other organelles typical of eukaryotic cells
• Axon conducts messages away from the cell body

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Branch Major Topics and Concepts Experimental and Theoretical Methods
Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience behavioral genetics, neurocytology, glia, protein trafficking, ion channel, synapse, action potential, neurotransmitters, neuroimmunology PCR, immunohistochemistry, patch clamp, voltage clamp, molecular cloning, gene knockout, biochemical assays, linkage analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization, Southern blots, DNA microarray, green fluorescent protein, calcium imaging, two-photon microscopy, HPLC, microdialysis
Behavioral Neuroscience biological psychology, circadian rhythms, neuroendocrinology, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotransmitters, homeostasis, dimorphic sexual-behavior, motor control, sensory processing, photo reception, organizational/activational effects of hormones, drug/alcohol effects animal models (gene knockout), in-situ hybridization, golgi stain, fMRI, immunohistochemistry, functional genomics, PET, pattern recognition, EEG, MEG
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Branch Major Topics and Concepts Experimental and Theoretical Methods
Systems Neuroscience primary visual cortex, perception, audition, sensory integration, population coding, pain, spontaneous and evoked activity, color vision, olfaction, taste, motor system, spinal cord, sleep, homeostasis, arousal, attention, play single unit recording, intrinsic signal imaging, microstimulation, voltage sensitive dyes, fMRI, patch clamp, genomics, training awake behaving animals, local field potential, ROC, cortical cooling, calcium imaging, two-photon microscopy
Developmental Neuroscience axon guidance, neural crest, growth factors, growth cone, neuromuscular junction, cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, cell survival and apoptosis, synaptic formation, motor differentiation, injury and regeneration Xenopusoocyte, protein chemistry, genomics, Drosophila, Hox gene
Cognitive Neuroscience language, emotion, motor learning, sexual behavior, decision making, behavioral genetics, motivation, social neuroscience psychometrics, EEG, MEG, fMRI, PET, SPECT, single unit recording, human genetics
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Branch Major Topics and Concepts Experimental and Theoretical Methods
Computational and Theoretical Neuroscience cable theory, Hodgkin-Huxley model, neural networks, voltage-gated currents, Hebbian learning Markov chain Monte Carlo, simulated annealing, high performance computing, partial differential equations, self-organizing nets, pattern recognition
Neuroscience of Diseases and Aging dementia, peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord injury, autonomic nervous system, depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, addiction, memory loss clinical trials, neuropharmacology, deep brain stimulation, neurosurgery
Neural engineering Neuroprosthetic, brain-computer interface Neuroprosthetic, brain-computer interface
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• Behavior/Cognition/Language
• Biological Rhythms
• Brain Imaging or neuroimaging
• Cell Biology
• Cell Imaging Electrophysiology
• Computational
• Development
• Hearing Sciences
• Learning/Memory
• Mechanisms of Drug Action
• Molecular Neuroscience

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• Motor Control
• Neurobiology of Disease
• Neuroendocrinology
• Neuroimmunology
• Signal transduction
• Systems Neuroscience
• Vision Sciences
• Neurobiology of the neuron
• Sensation and perception
• Sleep
• Autonomic systems and homeostasis
• Arousal, attention and emotion

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• Behavioral Neurology
• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Computational Neuroscience
• Neural Engineering
• Neuroanatomy
• Neurobiology
• Neurochemistry
• Neuroendocrinology
• Neuroimaging

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• Neurolinguistics
• Neurology
• Neuromonitoring
• Neuropharmacology
• Neurophysiology
• Neuropsychology
• Neurosurgery
• Psychiatry
• Psychopharmacology
• Systems Neuroscience

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• ?? 1990? 1? ?? ? 10?(Decade of the Brain) ??
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• HRRT PET PET-MRI ?? ???, 2.5mm
• 7.0T MRI 20 ??????
• 1.5T MRI
• PET/CT
• Cyclotron
• RF GR

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• ??? ?????????(KIST) ???????? ??? ???
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• ????
• Darpa driving neuroscience research
• BICA(Biologically Inspired Cognitive
  Architectures)
• mission turn science fiction into reality
• develop improved computational models of human
  cognition that could be used to create improved
  artificial algorithms for machine perception,
  reasoning, learning, and intelligence
• solve the artificial intelligence problem

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• CNBCCenter for the Neural Basis for Cognition
• explore the emergence of mind from brain
• the interactive nature of perceptual processing
  in early visual areas
• Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Yields New
  Insights into the Neural Basis of Working Memory
• the neural basis of perceptual stability

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• UCSD(http//bci.ucsd.edu/)
• BCI
• mirror neuron neuron which fires both when an
  animal performs an action and when the animal
  observes the same action performed by another
  (especially conspecific) animal.
• Tinnitus a persistent ringing in the ears

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• WTEC International assessment of BCI
• Significant activity in BCI research is evident
  overseas and in Canada. Japanese research in the
  use of near infrared spectrum (NIRS) sensing and
  interpretation may be leading the world. The
  University of Tuebingen, Germany, Lund
  University, Sweden, Fraunhofer Institute,
  Berlin,  Korean Research Institute,  Brain
  Science Institute, RIKEN, Japan,  and Swiss
  Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, among
  others, have ongoing research programs in BCI.
  China and Brazil are emerging with active
  research programs in BCI. The Defense Evaluation
  Research Agency of the U.K. also has programs in
  BCI research.

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• ????
• WTEC International assessment of BCI
• Purpose
• Identify good ideas overseas worth exploring in
  U.S. RD programs
• Clarify research opportunities and needs for
  promoting progress in the field generally
• Identify specific opportunities (persons and
  institutions) for international collaboration
• Evaluate the position of foreign research
  programs relative to those in the U.S.

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• ????
• WTEC International assessment of BCI
• Scope of the study
• Improved implantable components
• Mathematical modeling methods for large amounts
  of data
• Sensor development and new approaches to delivery
  to cortical sites of interest, perhaps through
  nanodevices
• Improved probability modeling for neural spike
  train signals
• Providing actuator technology, component
  miniaturization, and energy storage, light enough
  for human wearability of the systems
• Understanding of electro-physical and systems
  activities of the cortex

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• WTEC International assessment of BCI
• Element of research
• Signal detection of PMM(planned motor movement),
  which may be through direct probing of the
  cortex, or remotely through associated e-m or
  other signals at the scalp or e-m signals along
  other neural pathways which convey PMM
• Signal Processing and Control
• Noise filtering
• Recognition of PMM signals
• Production of effector command signals
• Control and tuning of effector commands through
  appropriate sensing mechanisms for the activity
• Measuring effectiveness of processing and control
  through use of standard data sets and other
  methods
• Efficiency and effectiveness of processing
  algorithms

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• WTEC International assessment of BCI
• Element of research
• Bioengineering of multielectrode sensing arrays
• Prosthetics/Effectors
• May be computer controlled prosthesis or other
  devices
• May have embedded intelligence with appropriate
  distributed control system
• Applications
• May include successful animal research with
  transfer potential to humans
• Will include both invasive and non-invasive
  signal sensing systems
• May include work on wireless sensor transmitters
  embedded in the cortex or
• Other neural pathways (Since cochlear implants
  and synthetic vision implants are extensive
  research areas in their own right, this study
  will NOT assess those fields.)

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• Biomimetic Microelectronic systems (usc)
• Retinal prosthesis testbed
• Neuromuscular prosthetic testbed
• Cortical prosthetic testbed

http//bmes-erc.usc.edu
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• Biomimetic Microelectronic systems (usc)
• Mixed-signal systems on chip thrust

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• Biomimetic Microelectronic systems (usc)
• The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System
• 2007, 3
• Second generation retinal implant
• 6 patient recover limited vision

            
            
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• Nicolelis Lab
• Neural ensembe recordings in behaving animals
• Distributed processing of tactile information
• Sensory plasticity
• Thalamocortical function
• Neuroprosthetic design
• Brain-machine interface
• Conditional motor learning
• Gustatory processing by ensembles of neurons

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• Nicolelis Lab

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