Oil and Water Conflicts

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Oil and Water Conflicts
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WATER WARS

• Indeed water is already a catalyst for regional
  conflict
• Quote from the influential head of environmental
  research institute Worldwatch,Lester Brown.

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Places where water wars occur
The world's supply of fresh water is running out.
Already one person in five has no access to safe
drinking water. This presentation is about some
of the many places effected by this.
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MIDDLE EAST

• Oil has always been thought of as the traditional
  cause of conflict in the Middle East. Now it is
  believed that countries will increasingly fight
  over water in the Middle East.

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Map of the countries in the Middle East fighting
over water supplies
Circle the nations on your map in blue.
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WATER WARS Middle East

• The 10 countries with the least amount of water
  in cubic metres (m³) per person.

Country 1955 1990 2025
Kuwait 147 23 9
Qatar 808 75 57
Bahrain 1,427 117 68
Saudi Arabia 1,266 306 113
Jordan 906 327 121
Yemen 1,098 445 152
UAE 6,196 308 176
Israel 1,229 461 264
Tunisia 1,127 540 324
Algeria 1,770 689 332
What seems to be the trend towards water
availability?
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MIDDLE EAST
Water is the most precious resource in the Middle
East, more important even than oil. Competition
for water from the River Jordan was a major cause
of the 1967 war. Israel and Jordan share that
body of water. As populations increase, water
becomes more scarce.
What was one of the causes of the 1967 war?
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TURKEY
Turkey has been accused by Syria and Iraq of
depriving them of much-needed water, as it
continues to build a series of dams along the
Euphrates and Tigris. It is also embarking on an
ambitious project to sell water from its Manavgat
river across the Middle East.
What country is at odds with Syria and Iraq?
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THIS SHOWS THE LIST OF MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES
WHICH WILL SUFFER FROM WATER SCARCITY IN THE NEXT
15 YEARS
1955 1990 2025
Bahrain Algeria Egypt
Jordan Israel/ Palestine Ethiopia
Kuwait Qatar Iran
Saudi Arabia Libya
Somalia Morocco
Tunisia Oman
UAE Syria
Yemen
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WATER WARS Africa

• The main conflicts in Africa during the next 25
  years could be over that most precious of
  commodities water,as countries fight for access
  to scarce resources.
• By 2025, 12 more African countries will join the
  13 that already suffer from water stress or water
  scarcity.

Where else is water an issue?
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THE NILE

• A United Nations report predicts that access to
  water may be the single biggest cause of conflict
  and war in Africa in the next 25 years. The
  likely causes of water wars are
• Countries where rivers or lakes are shared by
  more than one country.
• There is already fierce national competition
  over water for irrigation and power generation
  e.g. in the Nile river basin.
• If the populations of these countries continue to
  rise, competition for the water could be fierce.

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THE BATTLE for THE NILE
Population growth in Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia is
threatening conflict along the world's longest
river, The Nile in Ethiopia is pressing for a
greater share of the Blue Nile's water, but that
would leave downstream Egypt as a loser.
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War?
The Nile is the main source of water for most of
Egypt. Egypt worries about dams that might be
built in the Ethiopian highlands, which will
affect the flow of the Nile.
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• Egypt borrows 60 percent of Sudan's water. It is
  only a matter of time before the ethnic
  minorities take up arms in a guerrilla war that
  could go on for years.

Egypt is regarded as the most moderate and
helpful of all Middle Eastern nations. But it is
as ready to use force to protect its vital
resources as other nations.
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MAP OF NILE BASIN
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• The amount of water available per person in cubic
  metres. (m³)

Country 1955 1990 2025
Egypt 2,561 1,123 630
Egypt's population of 58 Million is expected to
reach 101 Million in 2025 and is already
approaching water scarcity.
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WATER WARS Egypt
In 1979 the Egyptian president said Egypt will
never go to war,except to protect its water. The
next war in the area will be over water. Egypt
is expected to be added to the list of water
scarce countries by the year 2025.
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Water Wars Sudan
Year 1955 1990 2025
Sudan (m³) 11,899 4,792 1,993
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Water warsEthiopia
This diagram shows where the water war is
happening between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan.
What other nations are facing water shortages?
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WORLD WATER WARS

• Potential 'water wars' are likely in areas where
  rivers and lakes are shared by more than one
  country.
• Population growth and economic development will
  lead to nearly one in two people in Africa living
  in countries facing water scarcity or what is
  known as 'water stress' within 25 years so wars
  are more likely here.
• Water shortages will affect countries all over
  the world from California to Catalonia! Even
  Texas!

?
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Waters Economic ImportanceHow does water impact
the economy?

• Locally-Texas-Commercial Farming, Commercial
  Industries.
• Regionally-US-Mexico What separates the two
  countries partially?
• Globally-Africa-Middle East What does water have
  to do with moving from less developed to More
  developed?

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Oilnon-renewable energy source-
Once used it can not be replaced.

• Water
• Renewable energy source

If managed can be used again.
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• Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
  Countries-group of countries that control the
  price of oil coming from OPEC countries by
  controlling the flow of oil, thus controlling the
  worlds oil.
• OPEC's mission is to coordinate and unify the
  petroleum policies of Member Countries and ensure
  the stabilization of oil markets in order to
  secure an efficient, economic and regular supply
  of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to
  producers and a fair return on capital to those
  investing in the petroleum industry.

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These 12 countries (from 3 different continents)
produce 1/3 the worlds oil and set the price of
oil

• Members
• Algeria Iran Iraq
• Kuwait Qatar Saudi Arabia
• Libya Nigeria United Arab Emirates
• Ecuador Venezuela Angola

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Problems with unequal oil distribution

• Oil producing country (OPEC) can raise prices
• Oil producing country (OPEC) can cut off oil
  supply
• Oil spills

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Top five oil producing countriesSaudi
Arabia Iraq Kuwait IranUnited Arab Emirates
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Top Oil Consuming CountriesUnited
States RussiaJapan GermanyChina

• Where US gets its oil.

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Saudi Arabia

• Have a proven 200 year RESERVE.
• The Saudi Government could purchase the entire
  National Football League (contracts, salaries,
  stadiums, etc.) with 6 weeks of their oil
  reserves.

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Reserves

• Until the gulf war, Kuwait had a 21 billion-
  barrel proven reserve.
• Iraq has a 7 billion barrel proven reserve.

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What is done with Oil Wealth?

• Oil rich nations typically provide healthcare and
  improved schooling.
• However those segments of the population not
  employed in the oil industry tend to have lower
  standards of living.

Girls school in Saudi Arabia
Bedouin in S.Arabia
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Oil Wealth

• Fabulous construction projects, Dubai UAE

Chromed Car
7 star hotel Burj Al-arab
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Some of the goods made from petroleum
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
PLASTICS
SYNTHETIC FABRICS
MEDCINES
















PLASTICS SYNTHETIC RUBBER SYNTHETIC FABRICS MEDCINES










COSMETICS WAXES NATURAL GAS   PROPANE














DRILLING PRODUCTION REFINING ASPHALT PAVING













FUELING TRANSPORTATION JET FUEL AGRICULTURE
PROPANE
NATURAL GAS
COSMETICS
WAXES

AGRICULTURE
FUELING
JET FUEL
ASPHALT PAVING
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Sources

www.ilearnuk.com/waterresults/ww_barry.ppt

depositphotos.com Cbc.ca naufarganih.com
exclusiveautocar.blogspot.c...
www.thedubailife.com