Psychological Disorders

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Psychological Disorders

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Overview

• Perspectives on psychologcal disorders
• Mood disorders
• Anxiety disorders
• Psychosomatic and somatoform disorders
• Dissociative disorders

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Perspectives on psychologcal disorders

• Biological model
• Psychoanalytic model
• Cognitive-behavioral model
• Diathesis-stress model
• Systems approach

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Biological model

• Biological model View that psychological
  disorders have a biochemical or physiological
  basis.

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Psychoanalytic model

• Psychoanalytic model View that pscychological
  disorders result from unconscious internal
  conflicts.

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Cognitive-behavioral model

• Cognitive-behavioral model View that
  psychological disorders result from learning
  maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving.

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Diathesis-stress model

• Diathesis-stress model View that people
  biologically predisposed to a mental disorder
  will tend to exhibit that disorder when
  particularly affected by stress.

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System approach

• System approach View that biological,
  psychological, and social risk factors combining
  to produce psychological disorders. Also known as
  the biopsychosocial model of psychological
  disorders.

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Mood disorders

• Depression
• Suicide
• Mania and bipolar disorder

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Mood disorders

• Mood disorders Disturbance in mood or prolonged
  emotional state.
• Depression A mood disorder characterized by
  overwhelming feelings of sadness, lack of
  interest in activities, and perhaps excessive
  guilt or feelings of worthlessness.

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Mood disorders

• Mania A mood disorder characterized by euphoric
  states, extreme physical activity, excessive
  talkativeness, distractedness, and sometimes
  grandiosity.

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Mood disorder

• Biopolar disorder A mood disorder in which
  periods of mania and depression alternate,
  sometimes with periods of normal mood
  intervening.

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Anxiety disorders

• Anxiety disorders Disorders in which anxiety is
  a characteristic feature or the avoidance of
  anxiety seems to motivate abnormal behavior.

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Specific phobia

• Specific phobia Anxiety disorder characterized
  by an intense, paralyzing fear of something.

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Agoraphobia

• An anxiety disorder that involves multiple,
  intense fears of crowds, public places, and other
  situations that require separation from a souce
  of security such as the home.

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Panic disorder

• An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent
  panic attacks in which the person suddenly
  experiences intense fear or terror without any
  reasonable cause.

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Generalized anxiety disorder

• An anxiety disorder characterized by prolonged
  vague but intense fears that are not attached to
  any particular object or circumstance.

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

• An anxiety disorder in which a person feels
  driven to think disturbing thoughts or to
  perform senseless rituals.

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Pcychosomatic disorders

• Disorders in which there is real physical illness
  that is largely caused by psychological factors
  such as stress and anxiety.

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Somatoform disorders

• Disorders in which there is an apparent physical
  illness for which there is no organic basis.

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Conversion disorders

• Somatoform disorders in which a dramatic specific
  disability has no physical cause but instead
  seems related to psychological problems.

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Dissociative disorders

• Disorders in which some aspect of the personality
  seems separated from the rest.

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Dissociative identity disorder

• Also called multiple personality disorder which
  is characterized by the separation of the
  personality into two or more distinct
  personalities.

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Depersonalization disorder

• A dissociative disorder whose essential feature
  is that the person suddenly feels changed or
  different in a strange way.

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Personality disorders

• Disorders in which inflexible and maladptive ways
  of thinking and behaving learned early in life
  cause distress to the person or conflicts with
  others.

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Schizoid personaltiy disorder

• Personality disorder in which a person is
  withdrawn and lacks feelings for others.

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Paranoid personality disorder

• Personality disorder in which the person is
  inappropriately suspicious and mistrustful of
  others.

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Dependent personaltiy disorder

• Personality disorder in which the person is
  unable to make choices and decisions
  independently and cannot tolerate being alone.

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Avoidant personality disorder

• Personality disorder in which the persons fears
  of rejection by others lead to social isolation.

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Narcissistic personality disorder

• Personality disorder in which the person has an
  exaggerated sense of self-importance and needs
  constant admiration.

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Borderline personality disorder

• Personality disorder characterized by marked
  instability in self-image, mood, and
  interpersonal relationships.

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Antisocial personality disorder

• Personality disorder that involves a pattern of
  violent, criminal, or unethical and exploitative
  behavior and an inability to feel affection for
  others.

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The End