Avian Influenza Testing In Birds in California

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Avian Influenza Testing In Birds in California

• Ben Sun, DVM, MPVM
• 916-552-9740
• bsun_at_dhs.ca.gov
• California Department of Health Services

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Ecology and Epidemiology
Key Exposure to Domestic Waterfowl
LPAIV
Exposure Adaptation
Asian H5N1 HPAIV
Re-adaptation
HPAIV (H5/H7)
HA Mutation
LPAIV (H1-16)
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California Avian Sub-Populations
Commercial Broilers
Commercial Turkeys
Commercial Layers
Custom Slaughter
Commercial Game Birds
Feed Stores
Socialization
SPF/Research
Pet Stores
Proximity
Commercial Ducks
Auctions
Shows
Backyard/Hobby
Wild Birds
Swap Meets
Exotic Birds
Game Fowl
Pet Birds
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Laboratories Testing for AI in CA

• 1. California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab
  (CAHFS) Primary veterinary lab system statewide
  under CDFA
• Private Poultry Industry Screening tests
  in-house using AGID, forward positive samples to
  CAHFS for characterization
• San Diego County Agriculture Dept. Limited
  testing of all avian species in County Vet lab
• UC Davis Researcher Dr. Carol Cardona who is
  also testing some wild birds for the UCD Wildlife
  Health Center project

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CAHFS Laboratory Locationshttp//cahfs.ucdavis.ed
u/
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Low Path AI in CA
Exp. ID Isolate ID Host Species Location Serotype
F9602092 A/emu/CA/2092/96 Emu Fresno H10N7
F9700039 A/TK/CA/39/97 Turkey Fresno H9N2
F9700663 A/DK/WA/663/97 Duck WA H11N9
D9802373 A/phst/CA/2372/98 Pheasant Woodland H9N2
K9900755 A/CK/CA/755/99 Chicken San Jose H10N7
K9901022 A/quail/CA/1022/99 Quail San Jose H10N7
S0210477 A/CK/CA/10477/02 Chicken Fontana H6N2
D0208651 A/TK/CA/8651/02 Turkey Hollister H5N2
S0206754 A/CK/CA/6754/02 Chicken Riverside H6N2
K0300345 A/CK/CA/345/03 Chicken Ripon H6N2
S0306450 A/CK/CA/6450/03 Chicken San Diego H6N2
S0402354 A/quail/CA/2354/04 Quail Los Angeles H6N2
S0404078 A/CK/CA/4078/04 Chicken Los Angeles H6N2
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AI Testing in California (January-June, 2005)
SOURCE FREQUENCY NO. ACCESSIONS
Auctions Monthly/Quarterly 350
Backyard/Hobby On Demand 1291
Commercial Poultry Pre-Transport Voluntary On Demand 1868
Custom Slaughter Monthly 250
Feed Stores Monthly/Quarterly 916
Game Birds In Development 15
Pet/Exotic On Demand 409
Swap Meets Monthly/Quarterly 100
Wild Birds On Demand 31
TOTAL 5240
Source D. Rolfe, CAHFS 1 lab accession may
represent 1-100 birds Approx 25,000 birds tested
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Wild Bird Issues

• Very few wild birds being tested
• Future plans nationwide for a coordinated wild
  bird surveillance system (USDA)
• Further info on HPAI H5N1 in wild birds and
  recommendations for handling wild birds at USGS
  website
• http//www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/WHB/WHB_05_03.ht
  ml
• http//www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/avian_influenza/
  HPAI082005.pdf

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Poultry Issues

• Coordinating notification and response with CDFA
• Occupational health concerns for poultry workers
• Contact your local CDFA district office
• http//www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/professional/protect-
  guid.htm
• http//www.osha.gov/dsg/guidance/avian-flu.html
• http//www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib121304.html

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CDFA District Officeshttp//www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss
/ah/offices.htm
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Conclusions

• Wild birds are genetic reservoirs of all AI virus
  genes which are genetically very diverse
• LPAIV maintained in wildbirds, and must be
  adapted to pass to domestic poultry
• HPAIV arise in poultry and historically have not
  gone back to wild birds
• Asian H5N1 HPAIV has readapted to some wild bird
  species creating a new mechanism of spread
• Asian poultry production is very different than
  USA and poses different risks for HPAI
  introduction and maintenance
• Comprehensive surveillance and early
  detection and response are key to minimizing
  the impact of HPAI in animals and humans
• 7. Planning, communication, and coordination
  must continue to increase our preparedness for
  HPAI and possible pandemic