??

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??µat?p???s? µe ?pe?ß?a?e?? pa?µ??? laser.

• ?pa????????? Ge??????
• ?p?ß??p?? ?a????t??a
• ?????a ?e????t?

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T?µata t?? pa???s?as??

• - µ? ??aµµ??? d??d?s?
• - µ? ??aµµ???? de??t?? d????as??
• - self-focusing (a?t?est?as?)
• - pe??aµa-efa?µ????

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???d?s?

• -??aµµ??? d??d?s?
• ?p? t?? e??s?se?? t?? Maxwell ?a? ?e????ta? ??
  ?a? d?p????? a?t?d?as? t?? ?????? ????µe
• (1)

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• ?s??e? ?t? st? ??aµµ??? pe????? () t? ? ?a? ? ?
  s??d???ta? ??aµµ??? µe t? ??aµµ??? ta??st? t??
  ep?de?t???t?ta? µe t? s??s?
• 
  (2)
• G?a ?s?t??p??? µ?s? d??d?s?? ? ep?de?t???t?ta
  e??a? ßa?µ?t? µ??e??? ?p?te ????µe ?t?
• 
  (3)

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• S??s? ? ?p??a µa?? µe t??
• 
  (4)
• ap?te???? t? ß?s? t?? ??aµµ???? ?pt????.
• ?µ??

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• -µ? ??aµµ??? d??d?s?
• St? µ? ??aµµ??? pe????? de? ?s??e? ? e??s?s? (2).
  ? ep?de?t???t?ta e??a? t??a µ? ??aµµ???? ta??st??
  ?a? ?ts? ? (2) ???eta?
• 
  (5)
• ?p? ed? ß??p??µe ?t? ????µe d?af??et??? p???s?
  ??a ???e d?af??et??? s????t?ta st? de?te?? µ????.
• ??a pa??de??µa ??a de?t??a? t???? p???s?
  µp????µe ?a ????µe d?? ped?a µe d?af??et????
  s????t?te?.

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?e??t?? d????as?? (µ? ??aµµ????)

• G?a p???? ????? ?s??e? ?t? ? de??t?? d????as??
  µp??e? ?a pe????afe? ap? t??
• ?p?? e?f??saµe t? tet?????? t?? ??tas?? t??
  ??e?t????? ped??? se ????? t?? ??tas?? t?? laser.
  (ap? t? ???st? s??s?)

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• ??t? ? e???t?s? t?? de??t? d????as?? ap? t??
  ??tas? e??a? p?? ???µ????µe ?pt??? fa???µe??
  Kerr, ???? t?? a?a????a? p?? ?p???e? µe t? ???st?
  µa? ??e?t???pt??? fa???µe?? Kerr.
• ?? ?e???s??µe t??a ???sµ??e? pa?ad????
• -?s?t??p??? ????? ? // ? ßa?µ?t?
• -s?µµet??a ?at?pt??sµ?? (???? ?? ?s??
  ???? st?? (5) e?afa?????ta?)
• -??a ??tas? laser pa?aß??p??µe ????? t??t??
  t???? ?a? p???
• -
• ?e a?t? ?a? t?? e??s?s? (2) ?a? t?? (4) ????µe

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• ? t??t?? t???? ep?de?t???t?ta e??a? p??? µ???? se
  s??s? µe t? ??aµµ??? ??? ?p?te µp????µe µe
  p??se???se?? ?a p????µe t?? e??s?se?? p?? µa?
  d????? t?? e???t?s? t?? ??tas?? ? µe t? ? ?a???
  ?a? t? s??s? p?? s??d?e? t?? ?a?????? d.d µe
  t?? 2?? t???? ?a? t?? ep?de?t???t?ta.
• ??a pa??de??µa t?µ?? t?? 2a? t???? d.d
• G?a t? CS2 ? t?µ? t?? e??a? 3 10-14 cm2 / W
  . ???ad? ??a? pa?µ?? µe ??tas? 1 MW / cm2 ?a
  p???a??se? a??a?? st? d.d pe??p?? 3 10-8. !!!
• ?a? µe???? ???a pa?ade??µata

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????? ?p?de?t???t?ta (esu)
Air (293?) 1,2 x 10-17
Carbon Disulfide (293K) 1,9 x 10-12
GaAs (293K) 6,5 x 10-4
GaAs / GaAlAs 0,04
Semiconductor-doped glass (with CdSe) 10-8
Optical glasses (1-100) x 10-14
Polydiacetylene 2,5 x 10-10
Indium antimonide (77K) 0,3x 2-17
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Self-focusing of light

• -t? fa???µe?? t?? a?t?est?as??
• ?a?at??e?ta? e?a?t?a? t?? e???t?s?? t?? d.d ap?
  t?? ??tas? t?? pa?µ??. G???????µe ?t? ? ??tas?
  a?t? de? e??a? ?????? ?µ???µ??f?. O? ap?t??esµa ?
  pa?µ?? ß??pe? µe?a??te?? d.d st? ???t?? t?? ap?
  ?t? sta ???a. ??t? ? d?af???p???s? ?e?t????e? sa?
  fa??? ? ?p???? est???e? t?? pa?µ? se ???sµ???
  ß???? µ?sa st? ?????.

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• S??µat??? a?apa??stas?

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• ???sµ??.
• a?t? ?a ???aµe ?t? e??a? t? fa???µe?? t??
  ??µat?p???s??! ???ad? ? d??aµ??? a????ep?d?as?
  µeta?? Kerr self-focusing ?a? ???? t??
  p??a?afe????t?? µ? ??aµµ???? ?d??t?t?? t?? ??????
  p?? ?d??e? st?? a?t?-pa??de?s? e??? pa?µ?? st?
  es?te???? e??? ??????.
• ?? d??µe t??a t?? e???t?s? t?? fa???µe??? ap? t??
  ?s?? t?? pa?µ??
• ???s?µ? t?µ?
  .

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• Se a?t? t?? t?µ? ????µe t? d?µ??????a t??
  ??µ?t???.
• ?? ?epe??s??µe a?t? t?? t?µ? ????µe ?at???e?s?
  t?? s?st?µat?? ?a? ?atast??f? t?? ??????.
• Sta p?a?µat??? ????? de? ?s??e? a?t? a???ß??
  a??? ? a???s? t?? ??tas?? t?? laser st? s?µe??
  t?? a?t?-est?as?? ??p??a st??µ? ?a p???a??se?
  ????sµ?. ?a e?e??e?a e t??a d????? a???t??? d.d
  µe ap?t??esµa ?a staµat??? t?? pe?a?t??? est?as?
  ?a? ?ts? t?? ?at???e?s?.
• ??p???? t?µ?? t?? ???s?µ?? ??tas?? e??a? t??
  t???? t?? µe????? MW.

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?a?a?t???st???

• ?p?? e?daµe ta pa?a??µe?a e- d?e?e?µ??a
  s??te???? st? staµ?t?µa t?? pe?a?t???
  self-focusing.
• ?? ???eta? µe a?t? ta e- .
• G?a ?a ????µe a??a?? st? ????? p??pe? ?a ????µe
  e?ap??es? e????e?a?. ??t? s?µßa??e? af?? ta e-
  ap????f?s??? e????e?a ap? t?? pa?µ? ?a? ep?µ????
  t? d???e?s? t???.

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• ??? t??p??
• avalanche ionization
• S?µßa??e? µe pa?µ??? t?? t???? t?? picosecond ?
  ?a? µe?a??te??? d????e?a? (µ?t??a? e????e?a?).
  ??te ta e- µetaf????? e????e?a st? p???µa µe
  ap?t??esµa t? ???s?µ? ? ?a? t? ß??s?µ? t??
  d???e?t????? ??????.

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• multi-photon ionization
• S?µßa??e? µe pa?µ??? t?? t???? t?? femtosecond
  (p??? ?????te?? e????e?a). ??ßa?a ????µe ?a? ed?
  t?? p??????µe?? t??p? a??? se µ???? ßa?µ?.

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• ?? ????s??µe ???? p?s? ?a? a? d??µe
• ?ta? ?epe??s??µe t?? ???s?µ? t?µ? ?s???? t?te
  eµfa???eta? t? fa???µe?? t?? self-focusing, ?
  pa?µ?? s?st???eta? ?????? ?a? ft??e? st? s?µe??
  ?a p???a??se? ????sµ? µ?s? p???f?t??????
  ap????f?s?? ( 1013 W / cm2 ).
• ?p?? ?µ?? e?daµe ?a? p??????µ???? ta e?e??e?a e-
  µe?????? t? d.d ?a? ?s?sta?µ????? t? fa???µe??
  ap???????ta? t?? pa?µ? . ?a? e?a????. ?ts?
  ????µe t? d?µ??????a t?? filament, d??ad? t??
  (????-)d??d?s? t?? pa?µ?? se µe???e? ap?st?se??
  µ?sa st? ????? µe t? µ??f? p?? ß??p??µe

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?e??aµa-?fa?µ????

• ?e??aµa pa???s??st??e t? 2005 µe s?µµet??? t??
  ????a? ?e????t?.
• ???s?µ?p??????e laser dye/KrF µe 450 fs d????e?a
  pa?µ?? ?a? µ????? ??µat?? 248 nm, t? ?p???
  a????ep?d?ase µe ???µ??? p???t?a (SiO2).
  ?a?at??????a? ta e???
• ?aµ???? e????e?e? ?a? a???µ?? pa?µ??,
  µ????? d?s???a d?a????s?µe? a??a???
• ?????te?e? e????e?e? ?a? a???µ?? pa?µ??,
  d?p????ast???? µ????d?µ??
• p??? µe?a??te?e? e????e?e? ?a? a???µ??
  pa?µ??, ?atast??f? t?? ?????? (???µ?? ?a? ?e??)

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• St?? e????a
  fa????ta? ta pa?ap??? ?p?? ?
  a?t?est?as? ????e sta 400 µm ??t? ap? t??
  ep?f??e?a t?? ?????? (10 pa?µ?? µe
  5-Hz epa?a????µ?t?ta .

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• Pcr 2.2 MW
• 2µJ69µm µ????
• 70µJ115µm µ????
• 1000 pa?µ??

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• 
  pa???? p?? ? a???µ?? t?? pa?µ??
  10p?as???eta? ta ?a????a de?
  e?te????ta? p?? µa???? af?? ?
  e????e?a e??a? sta?e??

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• ?fa?µ????
• ??µat?d????
• ???stas?a e?a?s??t?? pe??????

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• ????af? ?a? ap????e?s? ded?µ????
• ? d?µ? p?? fa??eta? st? s??µa µp??e? ?a
  ???s?µ?p????e? sa? bits ??a t??sd??stat? d?ad???
  ap????e?s? ded?µ????.
• (???e p???µa ded?µ???? µp??e? ?a ap??e? ap? t?
  ???? 5 10 µm ?a? ???e bit ??? ?a? 1µm)

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• d?µ??????a
  ??µat?d???? ?p????d?p?te
  t??sd??stat?? s??µat??
• ap?t??esµa

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• 1.NONLINEAR OPTICS, Robert W. Boyd
• 2.NONLINEAR OPTICS, Nicolas Bloembergen
• 3.APPLIED NONLINEAR OPTICS, Frits Zernike
• 4.INTERACTION OF FEMTOSECOND LASER PULSES WITH
  TRANSPARENT MATERIALS, Chris B. Schaffer
• 5.PROGRESS IN OPTICS VII , O. Svelto
• 6.PHYSICS REVIEW LETTER, J.E. Bjorkholm
• 7.PHYSICS REVIEW LETTER, S. tzortzakis, I.
  Zergioti, D.G. Papazoglou
• 8.http//www.nrl.navy.mil/content.php?P03REVIEW59
  -3
• 9. http//images.google.gr/images
• 10. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)