Online Student Notebook

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Online Student Notebook

• Humanities 3

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Katiria Florez

• Florez is from Roman, Spanish origin
• Florez comes from the Latin word "florus" which
  means "to bloom"
• Florez is plural for "flor" (flowers)

• Katiria is from Greek origin.
• Katiria means "pure, clear"

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5 Facts Of Hell  9/13/2011

• 1) Hell may be located under the Earth's surface
  due to scientists during an experiment hear
  something screaming from underground apparently.
•  
• 2) People who sinned in life will be tortured and
  tormented in Hell in the afterlife.
•  
• 3) People get roasted. stabbed, torn apart by
  wild animals, blown by wind, get filthy, burn in
  a river of blood, etc.
•  
• 4) The point of hell is to scare the sin out of
  the sinners.
•  
• 5) Apparently, sinners go through a bridge and
  then fall into a pit of fire.
• Thoughts Of Hell I still don't know whether Hell
  really exists.

4
Ancient Egyptian Religion 9/14/2011

• They didn't want other societies to change their
  beliefs.
•  
• The Egyptians are polytheistic. They worship over
  2,000 gods and goddesses.
•  
• They believe in mythology and numerology.
•  
• Osiris was the Lord of the Underworld and he
  decides the dead are blessed or go to Hell.
•  
• They saw death as a way to be in a better world.
•  
• Pharoahs have immense amount of power.
•  
• Spirits come to reunite with their bodies.
•  
• They believe in what happens in the underworld.

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Journey To The Afterlife 9/14/2011

• The Egyptian believes that they start their
  journey to the afterlife by crossing a narrow
  river and after that pass through a gate that is
  guarded by monstrous creatures at least that's
  what some think in "The Book Of The Dead.
•  
• Some Egyptians believe that their dead gods and
  goddesses welcome them at a gate and entertain
  the dead with music.
•  
• Peoples' hearts are weighed by a balance against
  a feather which represents truth.
•  
• It was said that after death, man needed his
  constant companions, his dog 
•  
• They believe that their life-force, the Ka, leave
  their body when dead.
•  
• There are three souls, Ka, Ba, and Akh.
•  
• In Ancient Egypt, the dead passes through an
  actual door in the tomb.
•  
•  
•  

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Ancient Mayan Religion 9/15/11

• They Mayans believed in the pantheon of nature
  gods which had a benevolent and malevolent side.
•  
• Itzamna was the creator god, the god of fire and
  earth and human sacrifices.
•  
• The Mayan pyramids were for sacrifice rituals
•  
• The religion started in the 3rd century and still
  exists today.
•  
• Practiced astronomy and divination.
•  
• Universe has lairs between the real world and the
  underworld.
•  
• They were polytheistic.

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Xibalba 6 Houses of The Dead 9/15/2011

• 1) The Dark House Inside this house, it is
  completely dark. You have to find your way out
•  
• 2) The Rattling/Cold House Inside this house,
  you will feel either a very chilling breeze or
  hail. You have to keep yourself warm.
•  
• 3) The Jaguar House Inside this house, they are
  hungry jaguars. Avoid being devoured while
  escaping.
•  
• 4) The Bat House Inside this house, there are
  bats that are dangerous and loud due to its
  shreiking. You have avoid them and escape.
•  
• 5) The Razor House Inside this house, there are
  razors and blades that moves on its own. Avoid
  getting hurt.
•  
• 6) The Hot House Inside this house, it is filled
  with heat and fire. Avoid getting burned.
• -People who did heroic deeds have passes.
• -If you passed through all that, you go to
  paradise and be with God.
• -Xibalba is still a place on Earth because it is
  Hellish.

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Hades (The Place)

• There are fiver rivers in the realm of Hades 1)
  Acheron (sorrow), 2) Cocytus (lamentation), 3)
  Phlegethon (fire), 4) Lethe (oblivion), 5) Styx
  (hate).
•  
• Hades is a misty, gloomy dead world where all
  mortals go.
•  
• To enter Hades, you enter a crater called
  Avernus, which near Cumae. Aeneas had entered
  through this.
•  
• It is guarded by Ceberus.
•  
• Charon took you to the river of Styx into Hades.
•  
• Judges- Minos, Aeacus, Rhadamantus they judge
  which sub-realm you go to.

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Tartarus (The Place)

• It is the underworld zone of elemental torment,
  where sinners get punished fo their sins.
•  
• This is where Zeus imprisoned the Titans.
•  
• It is later the dungeon of the damned souls.
•  
• You get sent to Tartarus if your soul seems evil.

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Do Now 9/19/2011

• My best friend Randi left Poughkeepsie even
  though she wasn't suppose to. She went to my
  house when no one except me were home. I let her
  stay at my house though I didn't have permission.
  Then my parents came home and I tried to hide
  her. I was able to hide her for a night. Then
  Randi messed up and slept in my bathtub. My dad
  found her and he threaten to beat us and kick us
  out. My mom didn't have a problem but she said I
  should have gotten permission.

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5 Scenes Reflection 9/19/2011

• This girl said that she shoplifted. I stole food
  before.
• I drank beer once, and it was disgusting. I don't
  know why people likes alcohol.
• This girl said that she passed out from drinking.
  I never drank and passed out but I've been so
  sleepy before that I had no idea what I was doing
• This girl got into a fight and got expelled. I've
  only been in one fight but it was completely
  stupid. I didn't get in trouble because the
  teachers didn't see. My so-called friends did
  outcast me though.
• This girl stole a DSi. Someone stole my DS once.
  I'm still pissed at that person. If that other
  girl stole my DS because she wants to be a
  douche, I'll punch her.

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5 Ways Prison Is Hopeless9/19/2011 

• Criminals are in prison too and they can be
  dangerous.
•  
• Prisons looks disgusting and scary.
•  
• You won't be able to do the things you want to
  do.
•  
• The authority are very military-like.
•  
• No one in prison will care about you because they
  have their own problems.
•  
• If the world was prison-free, everybody would be
  running wild and getting into trouble. They would
  get away with it. Parents or some people like
  that won't be able to stop them. The world would
  be in total chaos. 

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Juvenile Dentention Center9/19/2011

• Needed to scare juvenile delinquents.
•  
• So you can suffer the consquences.
•  
• So you will learn from your mistakes.
•  
• Juvenile delinquents do bad things and needs
  help.
•  
• To heal juvenile delinquents,

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Dante's Life 9/21/2011

• Dante was said to be a part of the Guelphs and
  believe that the pope has more power than the
  king.
•  
• He fought with the Guelphs defeated the
  Ghibellines, the ones who believed that the king
  has more power.
•  
• Dante was part of the White Guelphs because he
  favored the king after the whole Guelph broke up
  into two.
•  
• Dante was banished along with the other White
  Guelphs after the Black Guelphs and the
  Pope Boniface gained power in Florence.
• Those are the poltical facts
•  
• Dante wrote "The Inferno" because he thinks that
  the whole thing with the Guelphs was very bitter
  and the Black Guelphs threatened to burn him
  alive if he comes back to Florence. He also
  wanted to get revenge oft the Guelphs for exiling
  him by sending them to Hell.
•  
• Dante was trying to accomplish explain what Hell
  is like.
•  
• Personal Facts
• Born in Florence, Italy in 1265
• Greatest writer in Italian literature Italian
  "Shakespeare"
•  

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Dante's Inferno 9/21/2011

• While he was kicked out of Florence, he wrote
  "The Divine Comedy"-Three parts The Inferno,
  Purgatory,  Paradise
•  
• Dante published "The Inferno" in 1307. Every two
  years after, the other parts are published.
•  
• He wrote it because he wanted to unleash his
  anger on everybody who hated him, he thinks the
  Church is not pure, he wanted to get revenge on
  Pope Boniface and the Black Guelphs for exiling
  him.
•  
• He thinks that society's flaws and corruption
  will one day be judged by God.
•  
• He wrote it because anybody can end up in Hell at
  some point.

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Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God 9/22/2011  

• Jonathan Edwards gave this sermon in 1700s.
  (1741)
• Flattery is considered a horrible sin in
  theology. God will not consider flattery because
  person can escape and be not honest. Flattery is
  dangerous to many. If you are a flatterer, people
  will copy you, getting false praise. They will
  end up in Hell because God sees all.
• God isn't bound by flattery. He did not promise
  anything about heaven unless people have grace
  and believes in Christ.
• People are always aware of destruction.
• If you are aware of your sins and think you might
  redeem yourself later on, you might die suddenly
  and suffer in hell.
• God can destroy the wicked at any point. He is
  that powerful.
• If you accept God, you won't go to Hell.
•  

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Incontinence 9/23/2011

• Incontinence is the losing control of your body
• For Dante, this include of
•      - Limbo
•      - Lust
•      - Gluttony
•      - Greed and Wastefulness
•      - Anger
•      - Depression

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Virgil The Great Poet 9/23/2011

• Virgil was born in the year 70 BC.
• Virgil is the greatest Roman poet.
• Virgil's best work was called the Aeneid. In it,
  he traveled into Hades and the Greek underworld.
• Dante chooses Virgil to accompany him in Hell
  because he made the journey already.
• Virgil represents intelligence and logic Dante
  represents human emotion.

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Do Now-Cowardly Story 9/23/2011

• There was a bunch of times where I acted like a
  coward. I was and still am a paranoid coward. But
  I'm just gonna tell you about one time. In 4th or
  5th grade, during reccess, some douchebag who I
  didn't know ran past me and bumped me. I fell on
  my knees hard. I then decided to just hide my
  scraped knees because I had scraped knees before.
  Also I didn't want to get the dude in trouble
  because then he might become a bigger douchebag.
  So I just walked away and didn't say anything
  about my knees. So I was pretty much a coward
  right there because of some person who I don't
  even know. I know, I got cowardly for something
  petty.
•  
• Doing nothing is a bad thing because you're not
  doing anything about a bad situation. Plus if you
  do nothing, it's like a plague. Someone else will
  do nothing.

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Ante-Inferno Home Of The Cowards9/27/2011 

• Sinners Those people who took no moral stance on
  Earth They chose nether good or evil They were
  cowards.
•  
• Punishment They are neither in Hell nor Heaven.
  They are forced to chase a blank flag. They are
  stung by wasps and hornets. Their tears are
  swallowed by worms and maggots.
•  
• Contrapasso   Because they chose neutrality,
  they do not have a home in the afterlife. They
  don't represent anything. Because the cowards
  failed to act on Earth, they are forced into
  action in the afterlife. Their tears do not
  matter in the afterlife.
•  
• Famous People Angels who refuse to take a side
  in the Battle Between God and Satan. Pontius
  Pilate is the greatest coward, famously washed
  his hands from the death of Jesus Christ.
•  
•  

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Contrapasso 9/27/2011

• How does the punishments fit the crime?
• -Dante's law of contrapasso states that every
  sinner meets a  justly punishment for their sins
  in the afterlife.

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Acheron River 9/27/2011

• The Acheron River is considered The River Of
  Sorrow and Woe.
• This river renowned in Greek mythology actually
  exists today. It is located in Thesprotia,
  Epirus, Greece.
•  
• Charon the ferryman takes the newly-dead on his
  ferry to the Greek Underworld Hades and crosses
  the Acheron River.
•  
• There are 5 rivers in the Greek Underworld.
•  
• Greeks believed it was the entrance to the
  Underworld.
•  
• In the Inferno, Dante uses the Acheron River as a
  passageway into Catholic Hell.

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Charon 9/27/2011

• Charon is a ferryman of the Greek Underworld
  Hades. 
• He crosses the rivers Acheron and Styx with the
  souls of the dead to the Underworld.
• He places an obol (coin) in the dead soul's mouth
  as payment/bribe. 
• Charon's boat allowed heroes that were alive to
  cross into the world of the dead and back. 
• Had to pay a fee to Charon for passage. Your
  family/friends placed the coins in your mouth.
  You couldn't pay, you have to wander the shores
  of the Acheron River for a century.
• In the Inferno, Charon takes Dante and Virgil
  over the Acheron RIver into Catholic Hell.
•  

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Twilight Zone Ante-Inferno 10/3/2011

• Would Dante place the banker in the Ante-Inferno?
•  
• Dante would place the banker from that Twilight
  Zone episode to the Ante-Inferno because he hides
  his books from his wife Helen. He wanted to live
  his life to the fullest by doing what he loves
  but his wife wouldn't let him read at home. So he
  reads at work even though he was supposed to be
  working instead of confronting his wife and make
  her comprehend about the joy of reading. He
  should have also communicate more. Though what
  the wife did wasn't evil, fullfilling her wishes
  will make him represent nothing. Plus, if the
  banker had committed suicide, Dante would
  consider this cowardice because the banker was
  too afraid to live life without doing anything.
  Plus he was hiding from the world.

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Mini-Lesson Stereotypes 10/17/2011

• Research ways that Jews have been discriminated
  against.
• Jews were discriminated for being considered an
  inferior race.
• Jews were thought to have the Great Plague.
• Jews were said to have killed Jesus Christ.
• Jews didn't have a specific country except for
  Israel, not having much representation.
• Jews were discriminated because of the Diaspora.
•  
• Why were they constantly a scapegoat for
  society's woes?
• The Jews were constantly a scapegoat for
  society's woes because they were thought to have
  caused economical problems.

26
Limbo Purgatory

• Purgatory is the condition or process of
  purification or temporary punishment in which, it
  is believed, the souls of those who die in a
  state of grace are made ready for Heaven.
• It was believed that the living on Earth
  prayed for you after death, then it would reduce
  the time spent in Purgatory.
• Medieval ideas of Purgatory included an actual
  mountain on Earth on the other side of the world.
• Purgatory is not a part of Hell, but rather a
  place in the afterlife mythology in Catholicism.

• Limbo is the condition or process of purification
  in which, it is believed, the souls of those who
  were never baptized or lived before the time of
  Christ, went until Christ's redemption makes it
  possible for salvation.
• Limbo resides in hell.

27
Harrowing Of Hell

• According to Catholic Mythology.
• After Jesus dies, the Earth shakes causing Hell
  to suffer through a massive earthquake that makes
  its infrastructable crumble.
• During this time, the dead are seen rising to
  life by the people in Jerusalem.
• Jesus travels through Hell-there He collects
  those virtuous figures from Old Testament and
  brings them to heaven.
• This travel Hell is seen as a symbol of His
  Divine Power.

28
Minos 10/21/2011

• The older Minos, son of Zeus and Europa, was
  known-because of his wisdom and the admired laws
  of his kingdom-as the "favorite of the gods"
• This reputation earned him the office-following
  his death-of supreme judge of the underworld.
• In The Inferno, Minos is the judge of Hell-he
  listens to the stories of the Damned and decides
  which Circle Of Hell they go to. He wraps his
  tail around himself to the corresponding Circle
  of sin.

29
Pathetic Fallacy 10/21/2011

• The literary device PATHETIC FALLACY is the
  poetic practice of attributing human emotion or
  responses to nature, inanimate objects, or
  animals.

30
Bad Relationship 10/24/2011

• A time when I witnessed people in a bad
  relationship was when my best friend Randi dated
  this guy who she knew from like last century,
  Paul. He's hilarious but he can be a total
  douchebag. He's not always honest, he hangs out
  with his friends more than her, and he can be
  really mean, even if he doesn't realized it. He
  acts like Randi is more like his guy friend than
  his girlfriend. Randi noticed that but she
  doesn't overreact to that. She does sometimes
  complain to me about Paul and his douchebaggery.
  It might not seem like a bad relationship from
  other's views but it seems pretty bad to me. Paul
  mostly only treat Randi as a friend. His friends
  constantly interfered but they like her though.
  Randi stayed with Paul because he has good
  qualities.

31
Signs Of A Bad Romance 10/24/2011

• Rebound relationship
• Communicating on the computer.
• Mayor of Friendsville friends wanting more
• Unnecessary anger
• No trust
• Dating somebody for looks
• Other people meddling.
• Friends getting involved because of jealous.
• Overprotective/clingy
• Hit and run
• Two different lanes in life
• Substance abuse
• Jealousy because of insecurity
• Control
•  

32
Songs Bad Romance- 10/25/2011

• Adele-"Someone Like You"
• Friends wanting more Adele call the guy she
  loved her old friend and say why he was too shy
  to ask her out.
• Two different lanes in life Adela said that she
  will move on but she'll find somebody like her
  love.
• Lady Gaga-"Bad Romance"
• Rebound relationships Lady Gaga mentioned the
  guy's and his lover's revenge and she knows it's
  a wrongful relationship.
• Friends wanting more Lady Gaga said many times
  that she doesn't want to be friends.

33
Epitaph 10/27/2011

• An epitaph is an inscription on a tomb or grave.
  It is for to remember the memories of the one who
  died and was buried there.
• Famous epitaph in history   
•      Workers of all lands unite. The philosophers
  have only interpreted the world in various ways
  the point is to change it. 
• -Karl Marx
•    

34
Addiction 11/1/2011

• People get addicted because
• Escape from reality
• Depression
• Abuse in past
• Feels good
• Relief of stress
• Habit
•  
• 2.  Self-Medication
•  
• 3.  Enablers- person who encourages destructive
  behavior.
•  

35
Intervention 11/3/2011

• Donna
• Self-Medication- She has emotional/physical pain.
•  
• Escape From Reality- Her parents used to drink
  alot. She was molested by her step-father and
  lost her virginity to him. She was placed in
  foster care. She lost custody of her daughter
  Justina to her sister Candy.
•  
• Enabler- Donna's former husband was an alcoholic.
  Her mother feels guilty.

Josh Self-Medication- He has many
emotional pain.   Escape From Reality His
parents drank and fought alot. His parents
divorced. He seperated from his wife. He hadn't
bonded with his mother for 9 years.     Enabler-
His mother Donna is an alcoholic. His grandmother
doesn't do much and lets him live with her.
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•  

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3rd Circle Of Hell- Gluttony 11/7/2011

• Sinners Those gluttonous who overly consume food
  and drink or over-indulge in life's vices
  (addictions)
• Punishment They lie in their own waste while a
  freezing rain of feces and excrement fall from
  the sky on them.
• Contrapasso They are forced to lie like a pig in
  the wasteful consumption of their lives.
• Dante Speaks with Ciacco, an Italian poet, whose
  name means hog. Ciacco gives Dante a prophecy
  of his future in Florence, showing Dantes
  addiction to knowledge. 
• Mythological Guard Cerberus, a 3-headed dog,
  guards the gluttonous because it is a gluttonous
  dog who is subdued by food.  

38
Ciacco's Prophecy 11/7/2011

• Ciaccos prophecy about the fall of Florence
  reveals that the souls suffering in Hell
• Can see the future events of the world
• Can see the past events of the world
• CANNOT see the present events of the world
• Souls damned in Hell must look toward
• A world without them and an eternity of
  suffering
• A past of sinful behavior
• No present b/c they only acted in moment on Earth

39
Cerberus 11/7/2011

• Cerberus was a 3-headed dog that guards the
  entrance to Hades to prevent those who crossed
  Styx from escaping
• Described as loud, huge, and terrifying
• Has snakes rising from his neck and a dragons
  tail
• In Aeneid, the Sybil feeds him a spiked
  honey-cake that makes him fall asleep
• Each head sees past, present, and future
• Hungers for live meat, so no one can leave
• In The Inferno, Cerberus guards the Gluttonous
  because he is a gluttonous creature.

40
Last Judgement 11/7/2011

• According to Catholic Mythology
• Last Judgment is when God comes down as Christ
  to   judge all human souls and to separate the
  Saved from the Damned
• Blessed go to Heaven Damned go to Hell
• When this happens, Purgatory ceases to exist
• Shown and depicted in many forms of art and
  literature in Medieval Ages and Renaissance.
•  In The Inferno, Dante asserts that the dead will
  be reunited with their bodies at end of time The
  suffering of the Damned and joy of the Blessed
  will increase because the individual is complete
  and therefore complete and more perfect.

41
Ethos 11/9/2011

• Ethos or the ethical appeal, means to convince an
  audience of the author's credibility or
  character.
• An author would use ethos to show to his audience
  that he is a credible source and is worth
  listening to.
• Ethos is the Greek word for "character". The word
  "ethic" is derived from ethos.
• Ethos can be developed by choosing language that
  is appropriate for the audience and topic, making
  yourself sound fair or unbiased, introducing your
  expertise or pedigree, and by using correct
  grammer and syntax.
• The speech by Barack Obama is an example of ethos
  because he convinces the audience that he's not
  perfect but he'll do everything he can to make
  right and be fair and that there will bring
  change if the citizens get involved. He is
  creating an image that he's humble and has
  experience and helpful.

42
Pathos 11/9/2011

• Pathos, or the emotional appeal, means to
  persuade an audience by appealing to their
  emotions.
• Authors use pathos to invoke sympathy, pity or
  anger from an audience to get them to feel what
  the writer feels or prompt action.
• Pathos is the Greek word for both "suffering" and
  "experience". The word pathetic is derived from
  pathos.
• Pathos can be developed by using meaningful
  language, emotional tone, emotion evoking
  examples, stories of emotional events, and
  implied meanings.
• The famous "I Have A Dream" speech by Dr. Martin
  Luther King Jr. is an example of pathos because
  King is showing sympathy and pity towards the
  colored because of they have been through for
  years.

43
Logos 11/9/2011

• Logos, or the appeal to logic, means to convince
  an audience by use of logic or reason.
• To use logos would be cite facts and statistics,
  historical and literal analogies, and citing
  certain authorities on a subject.
• Logos is the Greek for "word" or "That by which
  the inward thought is expressed." The word
  "logic" is derived from logos.
• Logos can be developed by using advanced
  language, citing facts (very important), using
  historical and literal analogies, and by
  constructing logical arguments.

44
Plutus 11/15/2011

• Roman god of the Underworld
• Name in Latin means wealth, so he is
  personification of riches
• One of 3 brothers who ruled the environment
• Neptune (Poseidon) watches the sea
• Jupiter (Zeus) watches the sky
• Pluto (Hades) rules the underworld 
• In The Inferno, Pluto resides over the hoarders
  and wasters of materials and riches

45
4th Circle Of Hell 11/15/2011

• Sinners The avaricious who hoard wealth and
  greed and the prodigal who waste their material
  possessions
• Punishment In a ring, those who are greedy push
  boulders to those wasters who take boulders back
  around  
• Contrapasso The dance of the greedy and wasteful
  represent the opposite of their sins on Earth
  the greedy are forced to give away possessions
  and the wasteful are forced to receive
  possessions  
• Mythological Guard Pluto watches those who are
  greedy and wasteful because he is the
  personification of wealth in Greek mythology 
•      Famous Persons Clergymen such as popes,
  cardinals, priests, etc.

46
Do Now 11/16/2011

• To me, money means that it has to be spend
  wisely. Money does not come from trees. If you
  spend money unwisely, chaos will occur and it
  would be lost. Some people I know had financial
  and it broke them apart. I want to have a good
  relationship with money. I don't want to be the
  one splurging and begging for money. But I don't
  want people who are like that. Money isn't that
  great. I spend money on the essentials and
  something in moderation.

47
Food Shopping

• Problems
• Couldn't buy name brands
• Didn't know what to buy
• Too many choices
• Healthy vs Yummy
• Limited choices online
• Predict how much you need for the week
• Products go bad
• Forgetting what to get
• Estimation of how much to buy and in relation to
  the budget
•  
• Things Learned 
• How to manage money
• Necessity first, wants later
• How much to buy
• Family first

48
Car Insurance

• What are they asking for?
• Marriage status
• Make/color of color
• Age
• Leasing vs Owning
• Type of car 
• Deductibles

• What rises/lowers car insurance?
• If you are single, your rates are higher
• If you're married or with kids, your rates lower
• If you choose red or black, they assume you care
  about car more than driving
• Leasing- higher rates because you have to return
  car
• The more you age, the more they assume you drive
  safely
• Newer Models- higher rates
• Sport Car- higher rates
• More horsepower (speed)- higher rates
• Deductible from accident

49
River Styx 12/19/2011

• One of the 5 Rivers in Hades, Styx is the River
  of Hate
• It circles Hades 9 times
• It was believed the god would swear binding
  oaths by it If they failed on their vow, they
  had to drink from it which cost them their voice
  for 1 year
• Thought the River Styx had miraculous powers and
  could make someone invincible
• Was believed that Achilles was dipped into Styx
  as a child except his heel which was held by his
  mom to dip him
• In The Inferno, the wrathful fight by it and the
  sullen are submerged in it

50
Phylegyas 12/20/2011

• His daughter Coronis was one of Apollos lovers
  Coronis had an affair with Ischys and informed
  Apollo of the affair. Apollo sent his sister
  Artemis to kill Coronis
• Phylegyas was irate and torched an Apollonian
  temple he was consumed by rage/envy and cut off
  his toe and cast it into Hell
• He is shown in Greek mythology tormented in the
  underworld warning others not to despise the gods
•  
• In The Inferno, Phylegyas takes Dante/Virgil into
  the City of Dis over the River Styx. His boat
  rides on the River of Hate.

51
5th Circle Of Hell- Wrathful and Sullen12/20/2011

• Sinners Those who lived their lives in rage and
  those who lived sad and miserable lives  
• Punishment Wrathful spend eternity fighting and
  beating on each other, while the sullen are
  damned to the bottom of the River Styx 
• Contrapasso The angry release their fury on one
  another while the sullen are tortured in a dark,
  gloomy place like their lives.  
• Mythological Guard Phlegyas takes the angry and
  sullen through the River of Styx on his boat 
• Dante Speaks  with Filipo Argenti, a political
  enemy of Dante on Earth. Dante calls for his soul
  to be torn apart by the sinners of wrath, showing
  his own knack for wrath

52
Film Focus 12/20/2011

• A woman hates an old man because he's a drunk
  wise fool. 
• A dark-skinned guy with glasses didn't get enough
  cheese on his pizza by the white man.
• Restaurant's Hall Of Fame only features white,
  Italian-Americans.
• White man in car is racist toward two
  dark-skinned kids who were having fun with fire
  hydrant. White guy tried to have them arrested.
• Spanish kids hating and being racist towards a
  dark-skinned boy with a boombox because he was
  playing hip-hop music.
• Dark-skinned boy with glasses gets his shoes get
  dirtied by a white guy so he tries to pick a
  fight with him.
• Mookie and this white guy's brother are hostile
  towards each other.
• Three dark-skinned men are being racist towards
  an Asian man owning a shop.
• Old drunk man's own people don't like him because
  he's a ego drunk.
• White guys calls dark-skinned people the N word.

53
Atheism 1/3/2012

• People give up on God or don't believe in God
  because
• People say that gods are divine beings but yet
  there are many reasons that are contradictory.
• Evil still exists in the world.
• People judges and thinks that God don't care
  about them because they pray and don't get what
  they want.
• Faith is unreliable when it comes to gaining
  knowledge.
• People behave in an immoral way. 
• There's no concrete evidence of God's existence.

54
Heresy Atheism 1/3/2012

•  Atheism is the denial or disbelief of the
  existence of God or supreme beings or deities.

• Heresy is the belief or opinion contrary to
  orthodox religious  doctrine. It is a sort of
  misbelief. The Catholic church thinks that people
  who goes against the Bible is commiting heresy.

55
Heresy 1/3/2012

• Heresy is implied to be an allegiance with Satan.
• Heresy started in the 380 AD- the Chruch had no
  state-sponsored support for what they deemed
  "heresy" until the Edict of Thessalonica in 380
  AD, which stated that the occupants of the Roman
  Empire had to obey the word of the bishops as
  law.
• This law led to the death sentence for those the
  Church deemed heresy.

56
Religion/Science Critical Lens 1/4/2012

• "If God made us, then our lives have meaning. And
  if God did not make us, then our lives have
  meaning."
• I don't agree with the quote because I don't know
  what is the true meaning of the second part of
  the quote. If God didn't not make us who we are,
  then how can our life have meaning? God not
  making us but having a meaningful life does not
  make sense.

57
Story Of Erictho and Virgil 1/5/2012

• Scene here is mind games between Dante and
  Virgil.
• Dante wonders, "Do you know what you're doing?"
  and Virgil testily responds that he does by
  telling the story of he and Erichto.
• Shows Dante getting his bearings in Hell-starting
  to talk back to Virgil, not afraid anymore.
• Story of Erictho and Virgil is one that Dante the
  author makes up. Story is an allusion to the
  mystical powers that medieval scholars though
  Virgil the real poet had
• In a Roman story, Erictho, a blood thirsty witch,
  calls back the soul of a dead soldier to reveal
  future events in the Roman civil war b/w Pompey
  and Julius Caesar.
• In The Inferno, Erictho uses Virgil to travel
  into the 9th circle of Hell to retrieve a soul
  for her.

58
Furies 1/5/2012

• In Greek Mythology
• Furies were 3 sisters who were supernatural
  personifications of the anger of the dead
• Alecto unceasing punishment of moral crimes
• Megaera grudge of the dead
• Tisiphone the desire of avenging ones murder
• In The Inferno, the Furies heads are wreathed
  with serpents and their eyes dripped with blood.
  They guard the entrance into the City of Dis
  along with their sister Medusa

59
Info on Heresy 1/6/2012

• Definition a contrary belief or opinion against
  common Church doctrine
• Dante's Assertion denial of the soul's mortality
• Medieval heresy included Crusades against
  heretical sects and scientific ideas
• People were accused of heresy for witchcraft or
  sodomy as well.
• Idea of heresy comes from the division of Jesus'
  robes by Roman guards after his death.

60
Burned For Heresy 1/6/2012

• Giordano Bruno- Not believing in the spiritual
  aspects of Christianity
• Thomas Cranmer- Said King Edward's words were
  better/purer than God's
• Francisco de San Roman- First Protestant burned
  at the stake in Spain
• Michael Servetus- non-Trinitianism

61
Books/Science Banned for Heresy- 1/6/2012

• Copernicus/Galileo's idea of sun being center of
  the universe
• Wycliffe's translation of the Bible
• Martin Luther's 95 Points Thesis (Pointed out
  corruption in Catholic Church
• Three Musketeers- One of the characters was a
  preist who slept with women
• Denial of Truth and Universal Ideas

62
Spanish Inquisition 1/6/2012

• Started in 1478 and lasted until 1834 in Spain
• Used for political and religious usage
• An attempt to rid Spain of non-Catholic religions
  such as Islam, Judaism, and Protestantism
• An attempt to purify Spain- Spain was undergoing
  a lot of religious turmoil. The Catholic
  hierarchy attempted to create a Catholic Spain
• You were forced to convert or would be tortured
  until death or exiled

63
6th Circle Of Hell-Heresy 1/6/2012
Sinners Those heretics who defy or dont
believe in Gods Will or existence   Punishment
The heretics spend eternity in a tomb of iron
engulfed in flames. The tombs shut forever on
Judgment Day Contrapasso The belief of heresy
results in the death of the soul. Their inability
to believe in the souls immortality results in
their death within a death. The 6th Circle is
literally a cemetery of cults whose beliefs
killed the chances of salvation of its
followers.  Famous People Epicurus a Greek
philosopher whose cult believed in Earthly
happiness   Mythological Guard The 3 Erinyes
guard the gate into the City of Dis
64
Famous Murderers 1/9/2012

• The Zodiac Killer
• Kray Brothers
• O.J. Simpson
• Lee Harvey Oswald
• Casey Anthony
• Jon Binet Ramsey
• Susan Smith
• Charles Manson
• Jeffrey Dahmer
• Ted Bundy
• Black Dahlia
• Amityville Murders
• Saddam Houssain, Joseph Stalin

65
Phlegathon River 1/9/2012

• In Greek Mythology the River of Flames
• Described as a stream of fire, which coils
  around the Earth and flows into the depths of
  Tartarus (Hell of Greek Mythology)
• In The Inferno, the Phlegathon River is
  described as a river of boiling blood where those
  violent against neighbors are forced to boil in

66
Centaurs 1/9/2012

• In Greek mythology
• Centaurs were a race of creatures who were
  part-man, part-horse
• Centaurs have been seen as caught between both
  natures known for reckless boozing and violence
  AND embodiment of natures beauty
• Chiron wise, civilized, kind and knowledgeable
  of medicine, so he is leader of Centaurs
• Dante places the Centaurs as guards of the
  Phlegathon which houses the violent because of
  their bestial nature and violent rage

67
Euthanasia 1/10/2012

• "Death with dignity"
• Legal in a few states, ex. Oregon
• Switzerland and the Netherlands insists
  euthanasia.
• Available to those with terminal illnesses.
• Patients use medication to go into comas then
  die.
• Over 500 people from Oregon used euthanasia.
• Some insist people to euthanasia.
• Patients signs a form to get the medication.
• Terminally-ill people wanted to die because they
  don't want to be humiliated.

68
Euthanasia Laws In Oregon/Washington 1/11/2012

• Voted for the euthanasia law to pass in some of
  the states.
• Non-voluntary Euthanasia is actually illegal in
  all states but assisted suicide, voluntary
  euthanasia is legal in Oregon, Washington and
  Montana.
• Need a doctor's prescription to get the
  medication, Seconal to do assisted suicide.
• A woman, Nancy Niecizielski fulfilled passing the
  euthanasia law in Washington.
• People petitioned for the euthanasia law to be
  passed.
• Cody Curtis, Ray Carnay, Randy Stroup

69
Counter-claim 1/13/2012

• A claim that negates or disagrees with the
  thesis/claim.
•  
• Those who deny euthanasia as a necessary law
  believe life is one worth loving until the end
  however, someone in a bed suffering cannot
  accomplish the value of living...
•  
• Those who support this think it is an end to
  suffering for family survivors but it is not.
  Death is a grieving process
•  
• Intro with thesis/claim
• Reason 1
• Reason 2
• Counter-claim
• Conclusion

70
Minotaur 1/17/2012

• In Greek Mythology
• The Minotaur was a creature part man, part bull
• When Minos became king of Crete, Poseidon sent a
  snow-white bull as a sign of approval. Instead of
  sacrificing it, Minos kept it for its beauty.
  Angry, Poseidon caused Minos wife Pasiphae to
  fall madly in love with it. Using a wooden cow,
  she mated with the bull and she gave birth to the
  Minotaur a monster half-bull, half-man
• Embarrassed, Minos constructed an elaborate
  labyrinth to hold it
• Dante places the Minotaur as the guard of those
  violent against neighbors because his bestial
  nature reflects upon the violence that men impose
  on one another

71
7th Circle Of Hell Outer Ring- Violence Against
Neighbors 1/17/2012

• Sinners Those who willingly perpetuate acts of
  violence against others  
• Punishment Those whom are violent boil in the
  River of Blood Phlegathon. The depths of
  boiling blood they stand in reflect the amount of
  blood they shed on Earth. If they try to escape,
  centaurs shoot arrows at them.  
• Contrapasso They are forced to wallow in the
  blood they spilled on Earth 
• Famous People Tyrants like Alexander the Great,
  assassins, and highway men who murder  
• Mythological Guards The Minotaur and the
  Centaurs guard those violent against neighbors
  because their bestiality reflects the animalistic
  nature of violence

72
Harpies 1/17/2012

• The Harpies were foul creatures with the head of
  a woman and body of a bird
• Known for constantly stealing the food of
  others, the word Harpy literally means that
  which snatches
• In The Inferno, the Harpies are perched on top
  of the trees of Suicides. They feast on their
  leaves and branches thus giving more pain to the
  Damned of Suicide

73
Violence Against God and Nature 1//18/2012

• 1) Blasphemy- to speak out or curse God (Violence
  against    God)
•  
• 2) Violence Against Nature- Sex between man and
  woman homosexuals pedophiles defies it
•  
• 3) Usury- Lending of money with an interest rate
  (Violence against the economy)

74
7th Circle Of Hell- Inner Ring Violence Against
God Nature1/18/2012

• Sinners Those who commit acts of violence
  against God himself and Nature  
• Punishment The souls whom are violent towards
  God and Nature are punished on the Sands of Fire,
  a beach where sinners endure flaming sands and
  flakes of fire falling upon them. The blasphemers
  lie on the sand, the usurers (violence against
  money) sit, and the sodomites (homosexuals)
  wander about in groups.  
• Contrapasso The barrenness of the desert
  represents the uselessness of challenging God
  he will respond with vengeance -- the flames of
  fire from the sky are a symbol of his wrath.  
• Mythological Character  Capaneus, struck by
  Zeus with lightning mid-sentence of a blasphemous
  rant 
• Dante Speaks with his mentor, a homosexual,
  showing how Dante recognizes that even his
  friends are in Hell.

75
I Died And Went To Hell

• Write a 500 word story in which you have died and
  you must tell Minos your sinful life story.
  Include clear evidence that supports what circle
  of Hell you would end up. The story should end
  with you in the appropriate circle of Hell for
  your sins.

76
Malebolge 1- Do Now

• Flattery is excessive, insincere praise, to
  seduce, to win over, attract, to persuade.
• The times I flattered someone was when I
  flattered my mom with my report card. 

77
Famous Pimps

• Pimps
• Hugh Hefner
• Dennis Hof
• Sally Stanford
• Heidi Fleiss
• Bobby Davis
• Katt Williams
• Jason Of Argonauts
• Venedico Caccianemico.

78
Boniface

• Boniface is the 1st public enemy of Dante. He had
  Dante exiled from Florence. By placing Boniface
  in hell, Dante gets his revenge. Dante mainly
  wrote the Inferno because of him.

79
Malebolge 3-Simony

• Sinners Those that have been accused of Simony,
  sold God's words for money and gold/silver.
• Punishment The souls are put in pits with their
  entire upper body covered with their feet
  dangling, left to endure the flames that burn at
  the soles. The redder the flames, the more you
  sold yourself.
• Contrapasso It fits the crime as the hotter the
  flames, the intense your wrong doing. 
• Famous People Pope Nicholas, Pope Boniface

80
Do Now- Malebolge 4

• I have never thought magic made my life good or
  bad. I do kinda believe in magic. Also I read
  horoscopes.

81
Malebolge 4 Magicians, Sorcerers, and
Astronomer- 2/2/2012

• Famous Magicians/Sorcerers/Astronomer
• Harry Houdini
• David Copperfield
• Siegfried and Roy
• Harry Potter
• Nicolaus Copernicus
• Tycho Brahe
• Galileo Galilei
• Isaac Newton
• Edmond Halley 
• Nostradamus 
• Criss Angel
• David Blaine

82
Malebolge 4- Vocabulary/Notes

• Sorcery The use of magic gained from the
  assistance or control of evil spirits
• Prophecy prediction of what will happen in the
  future
• Sinners- People who practiced magic or sorcery
  and claim to predict the future
• Punishment- Head turned around, walk in a
  circular valley, crying for eternity
• Contrapasso- Symbolizes that they can not attempt
  to predict the future

83
Malebolge 5

• Extortion the act of violence
• Blackmail Any payments by threat
• Malabranche evil claws
• Do Now Have you ever blackmailed someone?
• I can't remember a time I blackmailed someone but
  I know I did and I got food in return.

84
Malebolge 5- Corrupt Politicians

• Sinners- Corrupt Politicians that made dirty or
  dishonered deals with people without letting the
  public know.
•  
• Punishment- The people were dunked in a boiling
  lake of tar that was sticky and hot.
•  
• Contrapasso- The tar is like the sticky deals
  that they made in their life or their sticky
  fingers and the blackness or the darkness of the
  tar was to repesent the darkness of their deals.
•  

85
Do Now- Malebolge 6- Hypocrites

• A hypocrite is a person who goes back against
  their words/promises, to have virtues, moral or
  religious beliefs or certain principles that
  he/she does not represent or actually possess.
• If I was Dante, the type of punishment that I
  would give to the hypocrites will be taping their
  mouth shut or zipping it up or be mouth-less.
•  
• Blasphemy is impious utterance or action
  concerning God or sacred thing the act of
  insulting or showing contempt or lack of
  reverence for God

86
Caiaphas

• Caiaphas was a Roman high Jewish priest. He
  arrested Jesus Christ trialed him for a hearing.
  He wanted Jesus to die for the people. He
  condemned Jesus of blasphemy. Jesus was the son
  of God which makes Caiaphas hypocritical and
  blasphemous.

87
Hypocrites

• Sinners Those who committed the sin of hypocrisy
  by pretending or practicing or preaching certain
  principles you do not have or feel
• Punishment Forces to walk around in a circular
  valley wearing heavy robes with lead on the
  inside, gold on outside.
• Contrapasso Telling lies to make themselves
  sound good and appear to be nice, while inside,
  they have the weight of the lies on them.
• Famous Person Caiaphas

88
Malebolge 7- Thieves

• Name a thief that would go to the 8th Circle Of
  Hell
• Bonnie Clyde, Robin Hood, Jesse James, Bernie
  Madoff, John Dillinger
• Do you think thieves should go to hell? Why or
  why not?
• Thieves should go to Hell because for taking what
  isn't there.

89
Thieves- Cacus

• He used to make his neighbor's great herd his
  own.
• Committed various robberies
• Pre-Roman god of fire, became a fire breathing
  demon in Inferno
• Lived in cave
• Centaur
• Stole from Hercules

90
Thieves

• Sinners- people who steals from others 
• Punishment- Vengeful reptiles tortures the
  thieves endlessly, Fire is being thrown at them
  and their remaining of their body is used to form
  reptiles.
• Contrapasso- Creatures steal their bodies.

91
Evil Counselors- Malebolge 8

• DO NOW
• Rhetoric undue use of exaggeration or display
• Bad Advice giving help that isn't useful at all
•  
•  

92
Ulysses and Diomede

• Ulysses and Diomede, the Greek heroes are
  punished for being evil counselors. Because of
  their plot to deceive the Trojans with the wooden
  horse in which they hid until they were in the
  fortress, they opened the gates to their army
  which destroyed the city. They also had Achilles
  abandon Deidamia to join the Trojan campaign
  Ulysses and Diomede stole from the Paladaium.

93
Guido da Montefeltro

• Ghibelline leader who persuaded Pope Boniface
  VIII to use treachery to gain the fortress of
  Palestrina.
• Unlike Ulysses, made an attempt to change his
  devious ways when he retired from his active
  warrior life to become a Franciscan friar.

94
Malebolge 8- Evil Counselors

• Sinners- People who persuade/mislead people to do
  bad things/make bad decisions with their words
• Punishment- Engulfed in a flame and cannot speak
  louder than a barely audible whisper
• Contrapasso- They abused their gifts and went
  hiding so they are hidden within the flames.
  Their advice backfires and burned people so now
  they burn as a flame in Hell.
• Famous People- Ulysses and Diomede

95
Do Now- Malebolge 10- Great Falsifiers

• Describe a time you told a lie that resulted or
  escalated into a big situation.
•       There was a lot of times when I told lies
  that backfired big time, but that's private.
•  
• Explain what the song is playing.
•  

96
Vcoabulary- Great Falsifiers

• Alchemist- falsifiers of metal
•  
• Impersonators- falsifiers of people
•  
• Counterfeits- falsifiers of money, coins, goods
•  
• Liars/Perjurers- falsifiers of words

97
Level Of Falsifiers

• 1st Level- Alchemists infected with leprosy. an
  abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin
•  
• 2nd Level- Impersonators they are angry
•  
• 3rd Level- Counterfeits infected with dropsy,
  causes permanent damage to the skin, nerves,
  limbs and eyes
•  
• 4th Level- Liars have fevers

98
10th Ditch- Great Falsifiers
Sinners- Alchemists, Liars, Impersonators,
Counterfeit Punishment- The sinners have scars
that itches. They are forced to itch it for
eternity. They suffer hideous diseases from
it. Contrapasso- The sinners are forced to have
this punishment because they are covered in lies
and try to change their appearances.
99
Circle 9- Betrayal Do Now

• In over 100 words, talk about a time you betrayed
  someone or when someone betrayed you.
• There was a bunch of times when I betrayed
  someone like my parents and many times when I was
  betrayed by people like my 6th-7th grade friends.
  Those are personal though.

100
Betrayal Definitions

• Betrayal- the act of being false or disloyal to
  someone you had established a close relationship
  with.
•  
• Antenora- traitors to the country and political
  party
•  
• Ptolemy- traitors to guests

101
Rounds Of Betrayal

• Round 1- Caina, traitors to kindred lay on the
  ice on their faces
•  
• Round 2- Antenora, betrayal to homeland
• Round 3- Ptolomea, traitors to guests are covered
  in ice except for face
•  
• Round 4- Judeacca, traitors to their lord
  completely covered in ice
•  
• In the very center of Judecca is the frozen
  Satan.

102
Betrayal- 9th Circle

• Sinners- Those sinners who sever a special bond,
  love or friendship for their own personal gain.
  These betrayers includes treacherous acts towards
  kinsmen, guests, countrymen
• or lords
•  
• Punishment- Engulfed in the icy realm frozen in
  ice and raining ice.
• Contrapasso- When you betray others, you only
  have cold thoughts and you are cold-hearted.
• Famous People- Bocca

103
Satan And The Area Of Judecca- Do Now

• As we may all know its Satan who corrupts our
  mind and makes us do bad things like sin. Talk
  about one time Satan got into your head and made
  you commit a sin or made you do something bad.
• I'm not sure that Satan is in my head and made me
  commit a sin or made me something. There was a
  lot of times I committed a sin. I'm going to Hell
  for sure for committing all seven sins. They're
  all personal but there was a time I drunk sip of
  nasty beer after hesitating.

104
Satan Definitions

• Traitors to Masters- Judecca is where Satan is
  munching on Judas, Cassius and Brutus. The
  Judecca is named for Judas Iscariot who betrayed
  Christ.
• Also includes Cassius and Brutus who betrayed
  their once friend, Julius Caesar, when they
  decided to assassinate him.

105
Satan Mini-Lesson

• Antichrist
•  He is the opposition towards Christ and God
  himself. He comes and claims as Christ and
  everything that he stands for. He wants to
  replace Christ with himself and is driven by not
  love as he claims but by hatred.
•  
• Apocalypse
• The apocalypse is the end of the world, Judgement
  Day. Christ enters Heaven and Hell and reunites
  all the souls with their body. Those who are in
  Heaven feel more happiness and those who are in
  Hell feel more pain.