Endure Information Centre

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IPMIN SUSTAINABLE VITICULTURE France
MODULE C9
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Definition of sustainable vine growing

•  Global initiative in terms of grape production
  and processing systems, integrating the economic
  sustainability of the structures and territories
  concerned, the obtainment of quality products,
  the requirements of precision viticulture, the
  risks for the environment, the safety of products
  and the health of consumers, and the promotion of
  the related heritage, historical, cultural,
  ecological and regional values 
• SOURCES
• www.oiv.int
• Resolution Vienna OIV CST 2004

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Stakes of sustainable viticulture
SUSTAINABLE GRAPE GROWING AT DIFFERENT LEVELS
VINEYARD/PLOT
REGIONAL /TERROIR
PLANET
Effect on benificial insects



Natural resources
Biodiversity


Effects on
associated
Resistance


ecosystems
Residues




Air pollution

Water

Landscapes

Greenhouse effect
1970 - 1980
1980 - 1990
1990 - present
Best management
Integrated production
Sustainability (future generations)
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Sustainable management of territories et terroirs
SOILS MICROBIOLOGY
RUNOFF/ erosion
MANAGEMENT OF BY PRODUCTS
WINERIE WASTE WATER
SPRAYERS WASHING
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Landscape management

• Promoting and maintaining a high biological
  diversity in the ecosystem of the vineyard
• Use of cover crops to promote biodiversity or
  pesticides transfer
• Assessment of the environmental impact of
  pesticides

Thrips
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Major themes and issues

• Respect of the environment and sustainability

• Reduction in chemical inputs, particularly those
  from non-renewable sources
• Assessment of the environmental risk and impact
  of chemicals used
• Avoiding ground water pollution
• Correct storage and application of pesticides
• Multiple use of vineyard areas

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Biodefense factors
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Weed control

• Reducing herbicide use (cover cropping, mulch,
  vineyard management)
• Mechanical and thermal control

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Disease control

• Prophylaxis
• Reduce the vegetative vigour
• Aerate the grapes
• Identify diseased areas into the field to prevent
  further spread
• Eliminate the abandoned or dieseased grapevines
• Decision support systems
• to improve the efficacy of plant protection by
  determining the right timing for fungicide
  sprays.
• to lead to a reduced number of sprays by avoiding
  unnecessary treatment with fungicides,
  particularly at the beginning of the season or
  during periods of low disease pressure.
• Use of microbial agents or elicitors
• Mainly Ampelomyces quisqualis fungal antagonist
  of powdery mildew agent (registrated only in
  Italy and Switzerland)
• Experimental Trichoderma, Ulocladium, Fusarium,
  elicitors

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Modeling systemsclimate x plant x pests
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Pests control

• Mating disruption for the control of grape berry
  moths
• Beneficials against mites

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Pesticides management

• When filling- avoid the risk of a overflowing
• - avoid return of water into the bucket
• When cleaning
• Export the recuperation packs

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During the spraying

• Avoid or limit the drift
• Avoid transfers respecting the untreated areas

H helicopter
C cannon
active ingredient measuredon the soil outside
the treated area(grapevines at 4 leaves)
H 19 C 11 F 5 J 1
Distance from treated area
J Joco(recycling)
F Fischer minitrac
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The appropriate rate to the leaf surface

• Quantity minimum effectiveQuality of the
  equipment adjustementAdaptation to the parasite
  pressure (modelling) and to total leaf area (TLA)

of registrated rate to spray
TLA
2to3leaves FloPress FloSep Flowering
Setting Pea-sized
Touching Ripening
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Breakdown of active ingredients

• Spraying residues are spread in a watertight pit
  which contains a mixture of soil and straw. The
  process of biodegradation of the straw optimizes
  the elimination of pesticides.

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Conclusion Response to general principles of IPM

• Environment
• Reduced quantities of pesticides general
  principle 6
• Non chemical measures general principle 4
• Economy
• Margins
• Agronomy
• Monitoring and DSS general principle 2
• Prophylaxis general principle 1
• Choice of products general principle 5
• Resistance management general principle 7
• Limitation of dose general principle 6
• Level thresholds general principle 3