CPD Seminar

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Asbestos Awareness
The name "asbestos" comes from the Greek meaning
"inextinguishable".
CPD Seminar Date 07/02/2011 By Andy Jobling
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Introduction

• Asbestos Related Diseases
• 4000 deaths in 2008 (the latest year with
  published data)
• 2249 people died from mesothelioma in 2008 and a
  similar number from asbestos related lung cancer.
• Typically, there can be a 1560 years gap between
  first exposure and diagnosis
• Deaths are still rising and not expected to peak
  until 2016
• Asbestos was used in hundreds of different
  products and buildings from the 1950s to the mid
  1980s.

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Deaths still rising..
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Whos at Risk ?

• The top 20 mortality rate occupations, in
  descending order of rate, are
• Carpenters and joiners
• Plumbers heating and ventilating engineers
• Electricians electrical fitters
• Labourers in other construction trades
• Metal plate workers shipwrights riveters
• Pipe fitters
• Construction operatives
• Managers in construction
• Construction trades
• Energy plant operatives
• Fire service officers (leading fire officer and
  below)
• Painters and decorators
• Sheet metal workers
• Metal working production and maintenance fitters
• Managers and proprietors in other services
• Metal working machine operatives
• Stevedores dockers and slingers
• Draughtspersons

As can be seen Construction trades constitute
almost half of those who suffer the highest risks.
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What is Asbestos ?

• Asbestos is a naturally occurring fibrous
  material and has been used for about 150 years on
  a large scale. It is versatile, plentiful and
  ideal as a fire-proofing and insulation material.
  But it can be deadly!

There are many types of asbestos but only three
main types are used commercially, other types are
less abundant. Chrysotile (white) Amosite
(brown) Crocidolite (blue)
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Types of Asbestos
Chrysotile (White) This is a white fibre
asbestos and accounts for 90 of asbestos in
products. It is a member of the serpentine group.
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Types of Asbestos
Amosite (Brown or Grey) This is brown/grey in
colour and is straight, unlike Chrysotile which
is curly. It belongs to the amphibole group.
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Types of Asbestos
Crocidolite (Blue) This is blue, and the fibres
are also straight. It is also a member of the
amphilbole group.
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Types of Asbestos
Important.. All are dangerous.. blue and
brown asbestos are known to be more pernicious
than white. however, as you will need a
laboratory to properly identify the different
types of asbestos, treat all with equal caution.
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Why is it dangerous ?

• If you inhale asbestos fibres (which are long and
  thin) they can become lodged in the tissue of
  your chest and your bodys natural defences may
  not be able to easily break them down. This can
  lead to lung diseases (mainly cancers),
  particularly if you are repeatedly exposed to
  fibres over a number of years.
• If ingested the fibre can cause cancers of the
  stomach and/or colon.
• Generally, asbestos is only a risk if you disturb
  or damage it and cause fibres to be released into
  the air. If asbestos containing materials are in
  good condition and in a position where they are
  not going to be disturbed or damaged then it is
  safer to leave them where they are and ensure
  that the risks are managed.

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Asbestos Related Diseases
Exposure to asbestos has been shown to cause four
main diseases Asbestosis irreversible
scarring of the lungs Diffuse Pleural
Thickening thickening of the lung lining Lung
cancer increased incidence of
cancer, particularly if you smoke Mesothelioma
cancer of the lining of the lungs or
stomach. Typically, there can be a 1560 years
gap between first exposure and diagnosis. None
of these illnesses can be cured mesothelioma
and lung cancer are fatal diseases, often within
one year of diagnosis.
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Where is it normally found ?
Asbestos was used in hundreds of different
products and buildings from the 1950s to the mid
1980s. Asbestos cement was used up until 1999
in a variety of different premises and
materials. Any building that was constructed or
had major refurbishment between the 1950s and
mid 1980s is likely to contain some type of
asbestos containing material. Use of asbestos
peaked in the 1960s and early 1970s premises
built or refurbished during this time are the
most likely to contain some form of asbestos.
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Asbestos in Buildings
Extract from MDHS 100 now replaced by HSG 264
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Asbestos in Buildings
Extract from HSG 264
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Asbestos in Buildings
Sprayed Coatings
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Asbestos in Buildings
AIBs - Asbestos Insulating Boards
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Asbestos in Buildings
Artex Coating
Artex produced by Artex Blue Hawk Limited and a
range of similar decorative wall and ceiling
finishes from other manufacturers used asbestos
in their formulations until the late 1980s.
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Asbestos in Buildings
Asbestos Cement Sheeting
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Asbestos in Buildings
ACMs - Asbestos Containing Materials
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Asbestos in Buildings
Pipe Lagging
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Asbestos in Buildings
Video Asbestos in Buildings Speakers Ross
Udall Particle Analysis Malcolm Darvill HSE Tony
Dicker Corporation of London
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Asbestos Surveys
This HSE document identifies two types of
asbestos survey
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Asbestos Survey Types

• Management continued use of the building
• normal occupancy/activities and
• associated maintenance/installation etc
• involve minor intrusive work
• Refurbishment/demolition
• includes minor refurbishment
• Surveys can involve combination of sampling and
  presuming ACMs present

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The Purpose of the Asbestos Survey
SURVEY
Refurbishment or Demolition Survey
Management Survey
Asbestos Register plan/drawing
Risk assessment
Management plan
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Management Survey

• Survey all accessible areas (sfarp)
• Walls, ceilings, pipes, boilers, cladding
• Lift shafts, inside risers, service ducts, above
  false ceilings, tunnels etc
• Areas not inspected must be presumed to contain
  asbestos

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Asbestos Managing Maintenance Work
Train all staff who may disturb fabric of
building
Awareness training
Before ANY work starts contact coordinator
Check Register/plan
NO
Are ACMs involved?
No further action
Asbestos Essentials
YES
Work done in-house
Plan work
External contractor
Trained staff Control of work Clean up
Inform early Check asbestos trained Monitor
work Check clean up
Licensed Contractor?
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Refurbisment Demolition Survey

• Used to locate ALL ACMs in ALL area
• Structural locations
• Break thro walls, ceilings, cladding, partitions
  etc
• Inside cavity walls, ducts and tunnels under
  floor tiles
• Refurbishment surveys can be small
  scale/localised
• Needed for home improvement programmes
• eg new kitchens, bathrooms, electrics, plumbing,
  windows, roofs etc
• involves destructive/aggressive inspection
• All work which disturbs fabric of building in
  areas where Management Survey has not been
  intrusive

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Refurbisment Demolition Survey

• Will be necessary where refurbishment work is to
  be carried out
• Will vary in size
• Can be localised
• Necessary for home improvement schemes
• Management survey is NOT sufficient

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No Survey
What happens if No Survey Poor Survey Wrong
Survey Type Good Survey but not used
Exposure for worker
Contamination
Spread
Exposure for others
Public anxiety Building closure Clean-up
costs Enforcement action Disease Civil action
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Asbestos Surveys
Note this document was replaced in November
2010. This former HSE document identified 3 types
of asbestos survey
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Asbestos Surveys
Type 1. Presumptive walk-through Asbestos
Surveys No longer applicable from Nov 2010, but
you may still come across previously prepared
surveys. Walk-through asbestos surveys are a
rapid, visual assessment of the suspected
asbestos installations present on a site. The
survey technique relies on the ability of the
surveyor to visually identify asbestos and does
not include the taking of samples to confirm the
presence of asbestos. Hence the surveyor has
presumed the presence of asbestos using his / her
experience and knowledge of asbestos in
buildings. Moreover, all installations and all
inaccessible areas shall be assumed to contain
asbestos, until it can be proven otherwise by a
Type 2 or Type 3 survey. The benefits of this
survey technique are that it is very quick and
less expensive than other survey types. The
disadvantages are that the accuracy of the survey
is heavily dependent on the experience and
expertise of the surveyor and that the survey
will only highlight areas of probable asbestos.
The duty is on the surveyor to assume materials
contain asbestos, unless he is categorically sure
that they do not.
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Asbestos Surveys
Type 2. Standard Sampling Asbestos Survey No
longer applicable from Nov 2010, but you may
still come across previously prepared
surveys. Standard sampling asbestos surveys are
the most common form of asbestos survey
undertaken. This requires the surveyor, again, to
identify any installations on a site that she/he
suspects may contain asbestos. These
installations are then sampled (may require
several samples depending on size and complexity
of the suspect installation) and analysis carried
out at an UKAS-accredited laboratory. The
benefits of this survey technique are that a much
more accurate result than the survey is achieved,
by confirming where asbestos is present. It will
also give additional information on asbestos
types / concentrations on which to base an
assessment of risk. The disadvantages are that
the survey technique requires more time and is
therefore more expensive. The survey does not
include for breaking into voids or inaccessible
areas, and as such the surveyor may miss any
asbestos present in such areas.
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Asbestos Surveys
Type 3. Full access Intrusive Asbestos Survey No
longer applicable from Nov 2010, but you may
still come across previously prepared
surveys. Full access intrusive asbestos surveys
extend the Type 2 survey to include
investigations into reasonably accessible sealed
voids and the fabric of the building. This will
include breaking through partition walls,
ceilings etc. to confirm the presence or absence
of asbestos and, normally, this is carried out
prior to demolition or major refurbishment works
where significant damage to the building will not
be a problem.
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Licensed Removal
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Licensed Removal
14 Day Notice to HSE before works commence
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Licensed Removal
Airtight enclosure with airlock
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Asbestos Timeline
1st Century AD   Slaves working in asbestos mines
died young. 1857   First asbestos production in
the United Kingdom 1880   First asbestos plants
set up in the United Kingdom 1898   Asbestos
first found to be "evil" by Her Majesties Medical
Inspector. A microscope examination showed
"glass-lake" and "jagged" particles. 1906   Dr
Montague Murray, British physician, diagnoses
death of a worker from asbestos disease. 1918
 Prudential refuses to sell personal life
insurance to asbestos workers . 1930   Merewether
and Price, medical and engineering inspectors of
factories, place before Parliament a report
confirming the epidemic of asbestos disease among
British asbestos workers. 1931   The Asbestos
Industry Regulations established. These set a
"safe" level that allowed one worker in three to
get asbestosis after 15-19 years exposure. 1955  
Richard Doll publishes evidence that asbestos
causes lung cancer, 20 years after the first
reports of high levels of lung cancer in asbestos
workers. Doll's paper convinces the
scientists. Contd..
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Asbestos Timeline
1960   Professor Chris Wagner produces evidence
of the link between asbestos and mesothelioma
among South African miners and people living near
the mines. 1960   The UK adopts the American
"safe" standard of 1938 based on a biased sample
in North Carolina. This level allows exposures 15
times the 1969 levels. Up to 1960 63 papers on
the hazards of asbestos had been published in the
US, the UK and Canada. The 52 independent papers
showed asbestos to be a dangerous source of
asbestosis and lung cancer they were largely
ignored. The 11 sponsored by industry presented
virtually the opposite conclusions. 1968   The
British Occupational Hygiene Society offers a
safety standard for white asbestos 0.2 fibres/ml.
The asbestos industry conducted a single survey
at Turner and Newall's Rochdale plant and came up
with this level which was incorporated into the
1969 Asbestos Regulations. 1970   The 1969
Asbestos Regulations were introduced.
Contd.
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Asbestos Timeline
1976   The Ombudsman, Sir Alan Marre, revealed
the horrors of the massacre at Hebden Bridge. 12
of employees had crippling asbestos
diseases. 1982   Yorkshire TV's documentary
Alice - a fight for Life was first shown. Richard
Peto, then Reader in Cancer Studies, University
of Oxford, predicts a total of about 50,000
asbestos-induced deaths in the UK in the next 30
years or so. 1983   The Asbestos (Licensing)
Regulations are enacted. 1985   The Asbestos
(Prohibition) Regulations were introduced and
later amended in 1992. 1987   The Control of
Asbestos at Work Regulations are introduced and
later amended in 1992. 1999   24th November -
last date for installation of asbestos materials.
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Current Regulations
2006   The Control of Asbestos Regulations
consolidate all previous Regulations into one Act.
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Duty to Manage
If you own, occupy, manage or have responsibilitie
s for premises which may contain asbestos, you
will either have a legal duty to manage the
risk from this material or a duty to
co-operate with whoever manages that risk.
Regulation 4 became law 21 May 2004. Regulation
4 of the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations
2002 created a then new legal duty to manage
asbestos in non-domestic premises. (now Reg 4
of 2006 Regulations)
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Manage maintenance work
Asbestos Duty to Manage Overview
immediate
Appointed Person (and deputy)
Find out if ACMs present Check plans/drawings
Survey
Record Asbestos Register plan/drawing
NO
Record
YES
Check condition
No further action
Is it liable to be disturbed? Who can be
exposed? Prioritise
Risk assessment
ACMs in good condition
Management plan
- training - management of contractors -
any work checked against plan/register -
control of work itself - asbestos
essentials - compliance with CAR
Monitor
Damaged ACMs
Maintenance work
Manage
Repair/remove
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Duty to Manage
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Format for Asbestos Register
ADDRESS DATE
Location Product Type Extent Accessibility Condition Surface Treatment Asbestos Type Sample No Sampled/ Presumed/ Strongly Presumed Material Assessment Score and ACTION Priority Score ACTION
Room 4 1st floor Ceiling AIB Whole ceiling 120 sq m Medium Good Painted one face only Amosite 1 Sampled 4 samples 5 12
Room 4 1st floor Fire door Asbestos board on door carcass (AIB) 21 sq m Medium Good Encapsulated by wood in door Amosite 2 Sampled 1 sample 5 12
Room 5 Store ceiling Asbestos ceiling tiles (AIB) 5 sq m Medium Good Painted one face only Amosite 3 Sampled 1 sample 5 13
Room 5 Store lino on floor Cushion floor (paper) 5 sq m Easy Good damage to edge Covered by vinyl Chrysotile 4 Sampled 1 sample 4 11
Room 5 Store Electrical switch box Woven cloth Possibly 4 items Medium Medium Unsealed Chrysotile 5 Strongly presumed 8 14 remove during next campaign
Lift Motor room Roof Brake shoes 2 items Difficult Medium Unsealed Chrysotile 6 Strongly presumed 4 10 H Vac dust
Plant room Roof Pipe lagging Pipe insulation 24 linear meters Easy Good Sealed and labelled Crocidolit Amosite Chrysotile 7 Sampled 6 samples 8 14 remove during next campaign
Plant room Roof Wall panels Asbestos panels (AIB) 43 sq m Easy Good 1 face sealed and labelled Chrysotile 8 Sampled 4 samples 5 14 monitor weekly
Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres Material Scores above 10 have high potential to release fibres
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Duty to Manage
i.e. Asbestos Register
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Duty to Manage
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Duty to Manage
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Duty to Manage
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Treat Asbestos with Respect

• Remember
• 4000 deaths in 2008 (the latest year with
  published data)
• Typically, there can be a 1560 years gap between
  first exposure and diagnosis
• Deaths are still rising and not expected to peak
  until 2016
• Asbestos was used in hundreds of different
  products and buildings from the 1950s to the mid
  1980s.
• Carry out a Risk Assessment before visiting any
  site/building.

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What to do if you find asbestos

• Stop work immediately.
• Do a risk assessment to decide who must do the
  work - you may need a licensed contractor.
• Minimise the spread of contamination to other
  areas.
• Keep exposures as low as you can.
• Clean up any contamination.

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So, now who will open the box ???