Quality Human Resource

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Quality Human Resource Scientific Development
Uttam Pati Professor and
Chairman Centre for Biotechnology Jawaharlal
Nehru University New Delhi 67
uttam_at_mail.jnu.ac.in
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"Quality is the expression of human excellence."
It is the totality of features and
characteristics of a product or service that bear
on its ability to satisfy given needs.
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Biotechnology is the main high technology driver
affecting the health and life sciences industry
today
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The great challenge for biology in this century
is to understand how each gene works individually
and collectively to create a living organism

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Emergence of new area
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Medical Genetics Genetic Epidemiology Population
Genetics Translational Research

Tissue Engg Cell Engg Biomedical Engg Biochem
Engg Fermentation Technology Downstream
processing Stem cells Technology Protein
Engg Nano machines
Bioethics Intellectual Property Right Patents and
law
Biotechnology Nano technology Bioinformatics

Genomics Proteomics Gene Expression Gene
Silencing Chromatin Structure Molecular
genetics Epigenetics Gene Environment
Medical Biotech Animal Biotech Plant
Biotech Environment Biotech Biodiversity
Vaccines Therapeutics Medical Diagnostics
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Technologies Research themes
Genomics Gene Function in Disease
Functional Genomics Gene Transcription Factors
Gene Chip Technology Signal Transduction
Knockouts and Transgenics Apoptosis
Bioinformatics Development Biology
Combinatorial Chemistry Gene Therapy
Robotics and Screening Technology Antisense Therapy
Screen Development Immunotherapy
IT/Biotech Convergence Microbial Genetics
Proteomics Pharmacogenomics
Nem Diagnostics Tissue Engineering
Drug Delivery technology Therapeutic Antibodies
Biosensors Free Radical Biology
Bioremediation Plant BiotechnologyNeurobiologyNutriceuticalsPharmaceuticals
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The Growth of Industry
Pharmaceutical and healthcare industry Food and
drink industry Agriculture (and to a lesser
extent forestry and fisheries) Environment
(mainly through monitoring systems) Regulatory
affairs and law enforcement (through forensic
science) Information technology (through e.g.
bioinformatics, telemedicine) Medical devices
(especially biomaterials)
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The Puzzling Genome
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You have to remember that the sequence is only
the beginning. It creates far more questions than
it answers - it doesnt actually answer any
biological questions at all. What it does is to
provide a very finely honed set of tools for
people to turn biological questions into
molecular terms John Sulston, Director of the
Sanger Centre, Cambridge,
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The human genome is data, not knowledge, and
would be useless until We understand what it
means. The belief that we will put all this data
into Computers and they will tell us the answers
is ill founded Sydney
Brenner Thomas Jefferson of Molecular
Biology Nobel Prize winner 2002
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The raw data (DNA sequence data, or any data),
often in the public domain, are virtually
useless. Primary data analysis requires
sophisticated computation by molecular
biologists. There are neither enough computer
competent molecular biologists (bio-informaticians
) in the world to carry out the primary analysis
nor enough molecular biologists to do the
proteomics (gene to function). The data are
meaningless in the absence of top quality biology
and biologist.
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most successful
The USA Model
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Creation of intelligent manpower
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In the U.S., revenues in 2000 were 22.3 billion
and RD investment of the order of 10.7
billion(2001). Application areas for
biotechnology include drug products and vaccines,
medical diagnostic tests, biotechnology-based
foods, environmental cleaning, industrial
biotechnology and forensic science. In 2006,
Industries alone spent 39 billion in RD.
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US companies lead the field in innovation, as
evidenced by the fact that, of the 150 genetic
engineering-based healthcare patents issued in
the US in 1995, 122 (81 per cent) were to US
companies. Only 11 were to EU companies.1999380
Patents issued US - 321 source The US
Biotechnology Industry. US Dept. of Commerce -
Office of Technology Policy, Washington, Sept.
1997
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The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),
a private university, is one of the largest
recipients of US government funds for RD, has
created 4,000 companies over the last 30-40
years. These companies have an annual turnover of
230 billion and employ 1.1 million people.
Analysis strong feedback loops (RD
programmes, tax incentives, patent laws etc.)
joining government, universities and high
technology industries.
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The Indian Growth
Education Biotech Sector
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17500
5.7 Million 12th Grade Pass
Number of colleges
COLLEGES
8000
798
?
1947 1950 1997
2005
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338
Number of Universities
Japan 4000
229
UNIVERSITY
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1947 1950 1997
2005
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40 National Research Laboratories in the country
employ 15,000 scientists 700,000 post graduates
1500 PhDs qualify in biosciences and
engineering each year.
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17000 Medical Graduates/Yr
Australia-530000
7700 Foreign Student
7000 Vocational School Pass
1500-Bioscience
STUDENTS
5000 Science Ph.D
5000 ITI
800 Ph.D in Engg.
2005
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700000 Post-Graduates
What do they do ?
STUDENTS
Australia 530000
1500 Bioscience
17000 Medical Graduates/Yr
5000 Science Ph.D
7700 Foreign Student
7000 Vocational School Pass
5000 ITI
800 Ph.D in Engg.
2005
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Number is too low. Besides, their Future is not
Planned.
Low Critical Mass Low Quality
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520
Govt.s Biotechnology Support
Also TDF
300
In Million
150
87- 88 97 - 98
02 -03
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2002
150 BT
companies in India 75 per cent of these
companies have been established in the last 5
years 2002 revenue forecast for BT cos. is
150m export revenues are forecast at 60m VC
funding has been modest at 20 million Total
investment to date by Biotech companies 100
million Employment strength of scientific
personnel the BT sector stands at 15,000
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Projection
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How Qualitative is our Scientific Manpower ?

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There are no Indian Institutions Which can be
compared to the best Institutions in the advanced
countries (Prof CNR Rao) I.I.Sc ranks 251/500
in a world survey IITs rank 451/500 Global
Creativity Index 41st/45 Countries Talent
44th Technology 23rd
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Decline in Students opting for Science
Students entering science in India 1.7 Korea
23 China 5.9 Malaysia 3.3
UNDP Human Development Report 2001
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UNESCO Science Report
14.7
CHINA
INDIA
9
4.1
2.5
1.9
2.1
Scientific Researcher
Scientific Publication
Global RD Support
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India in Worlds
33 Diarraehal Diseases 25 Maternal
Death 20Nutritional Deficiencies 19
Diabetic 20 CVD 20 female cervical cancer 70
leprosy 2nd largest HIV 2nd largest Hepatitis
B 13500 TB death /year 10 Physically disabled
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Reasons for Low Creativity ?
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Error in Vision ?
When SS Bhatnagar started setting up ARIs totally
independent Of Universities, the obvious negation
of Nehrus grand vision of science and technology
had probably Not been foreseen.
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How Incompetent is UGC ?
The Failure of UGC to protect and enhance the
University system Its lack of Vision for
Future Its negation to the idea Of Modernity
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Are Indian Bureaucrats non-Scientific ?
The Bureaucracy is unbearable. We cannot have
the Dept of Personnel in Delhi deciding on who is
a good scientist and who is able to head an
Institution CNR Rao, Chairman PMs Scientific
Advisory Council
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How much We should Blame our Government ?
For
Low Allocation on Education 4.6 of GDP Lack of
Scientific Infrastructure No Long Term Science
policy 60 of Educational and RD Institutions
are located in 6-8 states (revenge for
non-alignment with Centre ?) 2004 All
technological Innovation from Delhi, Bangalore
and Hyderabad

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Is It our Cultural Problem ?

The lack of Philanthropy in our culture The
Greedy Indian Industries who never contribute to
society The absence of Private Universities such
as Ivy Leagues in Western tradition An over all
dishonesty factor (Two survey Declared India No.1
as Bribe Giver and Bribe taker) that is
anti-creative non - Scientific

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How about An Eleven Points Agenda
Popularizing- Science in Schools Modernizing-
Undergraduate Science Program Designing- the
employable future of Scientists Investing-
heavily upon postdoctoral Research Creating-
Instrumentation Facilities in each
capitals Supporting- with core research grants to
Universities Penalizing- Industries who dont
support on Research Tax incentives- to Industries
who support Universities Incentives- to establish
Private universities Heavy Incentives- to attract
quality Researchers Increase in Critical Mass-
simultaneously Linking to Quality
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Thank You
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Biotechnology is expected to offer investment
opportunities of US 500 million during 2003. The
growth is expected in the following areas Area
Growth Agri-Biotech 60 Diagnostic 25
Vaccines 15 Source Study by CII The Indian
biotechnology market is expected to grow to US
204 million by 2003 and US 408 million by 2007.
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THE INDIAN biotechnology industry is gaining
momentum. With revenues of over 700 million (Rs.
3,265 crores) in 2003-04, the fledgling industry,
despite all hurdles, is well on its way to cross
the psychological barrier of 1 billion in the
current year. It is poised to leverage its
scientific skills and technical expertise to make
a global impact from a strong innovation led
platform.
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There are. There are more than 300 college level
educational and training institutes offering
degrees and diplomas in biotechnology,
bio-informatics and the biological sciences,
producing nearly five lakh students annually. .
Given this skilled resource pool, India is in a
good position to create a sustainable
biotechnology business. The sector is gradually
building critical mass both in terms of
infrastructure and markets.
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Just a few statistics are adequate to establish
the success of the Indian software
industry. Software exports from India grew from
Rs. 135 crores in 1990-91 to Rs. 2520 crores
in 1995-96 and reached Rs. 36,500 crores in
2001-02 (Nasscom, 2002). The industry accounted
for almost 2 of Indias Gross Domestic Product
and 14 of Indias exports in 2000-01. Nasscom
estimates that the employment provided by the IT
services industry was about 522,000 by March
2002, of which 92,000 jobs were created in the
year 2001- 02 (Nasscom, 2002).
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The Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR), the government body to promote
scientific research, has a network of 40
laboratories, 80 field stations and 22,000
trained personnel. Also India has 29 agriculture
universities and 204 central and state
universities.
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Establish an institutionally defined, fixed
training period of three to five years, with
goals and milestones established by the mentor
and trainee.
Establish a regular annual or biannual review of
training progress, and provide feedback to
postdoctoral trainees and their mentors.
Educate trainees about research employment
opportunities in academia and industry, as well
as nonresearch employment options such as careers
in administration and management, science
writing, patent law, and public policy. Provide
access to a career-resource center for career
counseling and workshops on curriculum vitae
preparation and job-searching skills.
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References 1. M.C. Regets, "What follows the postdoctorate experience? Employment patterns of 1993 postdocs in 1995," NSF Issue Brief 99307, 1998, www.nsf.gov/statistics/issuebrf/sib99307.htm 2. E.M. Stricker, "The 2003 ANDP survey of neuroscience graduate, postdoctoral, and undergraduate programs," FASEB J, 17216973, 2003. 3. G. Davis, "Doctors without orders Highlights of the Sigma Xi postdoc survey," Am Scientist, 93(Suppl)4, 2005. 4. National Research Council, Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists, Washington, DC National Academies Press, 1998.
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Biotech an emerging need Indian contrext India
and world HRP requiremement Indian universiyt and
curriculum The design web site, post doctoral
research Instrumentation facilities in
capitals,data base and data mining Rules to bring
industry into line No RD The future