Welcome to Dr. Ted Wilson

1
Welcome to Dr. Ted Wilsons Anatomy and
Physiology 211 8/26

• Primary topics for today
• Syllabus and class expectations
• What is the study of Anatomy?
• What is the study of Physiology?
• What do we study in A and P 211 and 212?
• What is the scientific method?
• What is structural hierarchy with respect to the
  human body?
• How do we use A and P in our daily lives and in
  the work place?

2
Anat and Phys 211 Lab

• Lab Activities Click on the link at my website
  to down load the lab, pre-read before lab, and
  bring it to your assigned lab time.
• What you do in lab Your time in lab should be
  spent looking at the activities in the lab
  manual, it helps immensely to bring a spiral
  notebook to write notes to help you remember what
  you memorized.
• Lab Exams Lab exams consist of 25 questions (50
  points), in short if its is in the lab manual,
  it is fair game on the lab exam. Lecture
  material stays on the lecture test. Sometimes
  the same thing will be observed in both lab and
  lecture, so it might appear on both tests. Lab
  exams will be on a Wed or Thursday at a time of
  your choosing (a special sign-up sheet will be
  posted)
• Open Lab Hours Reading or looking at websites is
  not a substitute for looking at the bones etc.
  Open lab lets you come to the lab and review what
  you saw in your formal lab. Find study partners
  and review together!
• When? Tentatively M-Th 6-8am and 8-10pm, Fri
  6am-4pm, Sunday 6-8pm Typical lab requires 2-4
  hours of study outside of lab for a B on a
  typical test.
• Lab Use Agreement This describes what safe lab
  activities are. Please find it at my website,
  sign it and bring it to lecture (please do not
  hand it in to lab instructor).

3
How do AP211 and AP212 Differ?

• 211 is primarily anatomy location and the words
  used to describe structures
• How do we describe the signs and anatomical
  locations of disease?
• 212 is mostly physiology function and the words
  use to describe causes of dysfunction
• How do we describe functional reasons for why we
  are sick?
• Remember that AP 211/212 are not intended for
  persons who are PreMed
• Please see instructor after class if you are
  pre-med!

4
How do we study Anatomy?

• Anatomy describes structures and locations
• Physiology describes actions and interactions
• Gross Anatomy-
• Histology or Microanatomy-
• Ultrastructure-
• What types of anatomy do we use to study the
  different aspects of the body?
• When do we need to use the different methods?

5
All persons who work in medicine are
scientists.What are the processes used in
scientific method?

• Scientific Methods- This should be high school
  review.
• Inductive Method normal is what we typically
  observe. Example we all have a structure that
  pumps blood and we call it the heart!
• Hypothetico-Deductive Method testing!
• We often test on ourselves as scientists..
• Observation Our patient have a headache and I
  have observed other feeling relief after taking
  an Tylenol.
• Question/Hypothesis If I give the patient
  Tylenol will they feel better and have less pain?
• Answer Give the person a Tylenol and find out if
  the hypothesis is correct.

6
Person to Person variability is one reason that
all diseases are not successfully diagnosed or
treated!

• Are all headaches caused by the same thing?
• Will all headaches respond to Tylenol?
• Consider
• Sample size
• Control vs. Treatment vs. Placebo
• Placebo Effect
• Experimenter Bias vs. Double Blind Method
• Statistical testing of results
• Generalization?Theory?Law of Nature
• Our ability to use A and P makes us better
  scientists and better at improving health!

7
What tools do we use to study anatomy?

• Cadavers and Dissection-
• 4 Techniques for physical examination
• 1-Visual observation- eyes
• 2-Palatation- fingers
• 3-Auscultation- biological sounds
• 4-Percussion- tap sounds
• How do we use these to evaluate signs indicating
  the severity of pneumonia?
• How do we use these to determine if a person has
  a broken arm?

8
What are some of the areas of specialization in
medicine and medical science?

• Sub-classes of medicine exist?
• Neurology
• Cardiology
• Pathology
• Endocrinology
• Neonatology
• Pediatrics
• Surgery
• Why are there so many specializations?
• How do the tools of each specialization overlap?
• What area will you become specialized in?
• Can we ever know it all?

9
The Structural Hierarchy of the Body

• Whole Body-
• Organ Systems-
• Organs-
• Tissues-
• Cells Cell Theory-
• Organelles-
• Membrane Lipid Bilayers-
• Molecules
• Atoms
• SubAtomic electrons-protons-neutrons
• Can you draw and label the transition from whole
  body to single atom?

10
Are there variations to the rules of structural
hierarchy? YES!

• Consider Human height and weight in males vs.
  females.
• Reference Man 22 yrs 70kg/154 lbs
• Reference Woman 22 yrs 58 kg/128 lbs
• 2.2 pounds is the same as 1 kilogram 1 kg
  1,000 milliliters water
• Consider human eye color, growth rate and body
  fat.
• Some variation is due to genetics and some is
  due to environment
• Often times variation is due to genetics and
  environment
• Consider anatomical locations and variation.
• Size of organs where is your fat?
• Location/Appearance of organs?
• Dextrocardia is a neat example
• There are rules, but exceptions may exist!

11
How do I study this material?

• Your success depends on your ability to speak
  this language fluently!
• 1) Spend quality time on task
• 2) Work cooperatively on task
• 3) Have high expectations for yourself
• 4) Study 2-3 hours for each daily lecture hour,
  not just the night before an exam
• 5) Use online resources to double check facts and
  learn more about things that interest you!
• 5) Mentally review material when not actively
  studying.
• 6) Try to look for FUN applications of Anatomy
  and Physiology!!!
• Why do I need this information?

12
These are some other resources that may be
helpful. Remember that learning is often a
matter of looking at the same thing from a
different perspective, eventually this leads to
understanding.

• Try other textbooks and ask other students
• Try online searching for a key word with
  http//www.google.com/, http//ask.com, or
  http//en.wikipedia.org/ BUT REMEMBER THESE MAY
  NOT BE CLINICAL or SCIENTIFIC! Use caution with
  the web.
• Ask the instructor.at office or by email works
  well, but right before class does not too well.
• If you never ask you will probably never
  understand. ?

13
Computer Tricks

• Download lecture and look at related parts of
  book, and review power point outlines one more
  time just before class.
• Printing
• Print?Print What? Handouts?1,2,4,or 6
  frames/page
• Try printing double sided pages saves trees ()
• Try using the electronic pen on your tablet and
  writing directly on the file on your laptop can
  be useful, but may not be as good as using a good
  old fashioned pencil.
• Try re-writing the notes into your own words
  after lecture.
• If at all possible keep your computer turned off
  in lecture, you know and I know that email,
  facebook, and other instant messaging
  announcements will distract you from the reason
  you are paying 6,000 per semester to sit in this
  seat and learn. Your friends will still be there
  when you get out of class, check your social
  accounts then and learn while you are in
  lecture..this is SO very important to your
  success.