The Illinois juvenile court act of 1899

1
The Illinois juvenile court act of 1899

• distinguished between neglected and delinquent
  juveniles
• established a system of probation for juveniles
• created a separate court system
• created a special set procedures for juvenile
• separated juveniles and adults in the correction
  system
• established a system of probation to assist the
  court system

2
Theory poverty and social conditions lead to
crime

• Criminality is not inherited
• This aimed social reform at the poor, not
  behavioral problems
• Policy Reform the "cure" was directed at a
  social class, not the behavior of a particular
  individual or group's of individuals

3
Theory social ills are learned. Negative role
models create negative behaviors.

• Policy Reform juveniles need to be separated,
  not incarcerated with adults.

4
Theory parens patriae

• policy Reform the state has a moral obligation
  to intervene on behalf of the juveniles conditions

5
theory education and discipline is the way to
"cure" juveniles

• Juveniles can be taught not to be a threat to
  society.
• Policy Reform juveniles should be educated as a
  part of their discipline

6
The probation officer had the ultimate authority
in the juveniles case

• Pretrial detention
• proceed with court proceedings
• detain or release juvenile
• handled case informally
• dismiss without trial
• the five-minute juvenile hearing

7
Juveniles had no rights

• The system was not punitive
• it was rehabilitative
• there was no trial
• the trial court was oriented at conditions, not
  problems
• the sentence was aimed at improving a condition.
  conditions do not have rights
• no assumption of liberty

8
Juvenile justice

• The right to counsel
• clarifies the judicial process
• explores informal adjustment of the case
• represents during the hearing
• assists in the disposition

9
Juvenile justice

• Guardian ad litem
• a volunteer advocate
• CASA

10
Kent versus United States (1966)

• The Kent hearing
• right to hearing
• right to counsel
• right to access court records by counsel
• requirement of judge to state appropriateness of
  transfer

11
In re Galt

• Notice of charges
• right to counsel
• right to confront witnesses
• privilege against self-incrimination