Chemistry for Zoology

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Chemistry for Zoology
BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis
Anderson
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Organic Compounds

• Large molecules containing Carbon

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Carbohydrates

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• 1 Carbon 2 Hydrogens 1 Oxygen
• C6H12O6 Glucose
• Energy source for cells of the body

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Monosaccharides Single Sugars

• Building Blocks of Carbohydrates

Glucose Fructose Galactose
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Sugar Metabolism
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Glucose
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Glucose Forms a Ring
Monosaccharide
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Disaccharide 2 Sugars

• Sucrose
• Glucose Fructose
• Lactose
• Glucose Galactose
• Maltose
• Glucose Glucose

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Polysaccharide Many Sugars
Starch Glycogen
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Carbohydrate Metabolism
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Lipids

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Not in a 121 ratio as carbohydrates

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Lipid Types

• Fats and Oils (Neutral Fats)
• Store Energy
• Phospholipids
• Make Up Cell Membrane
• Steroids
• Regulate Body Processes

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TriglycerideMakes Up Fats and Oils

• One Glycerol
• Three Fatty Acids

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Triglyceride
G
Fatty Acid
l
y
c
Fatty Acid
e
r
o
Fatty Acid
l
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Glycerol
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Fatty Acid
O
HO
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Phospholipid
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Steroid
Backbone of Some Lipids
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Important Steroids

• Cholesterol
• Vitamin D
• Estrogen
• Testosterone

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Protein

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen

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Amino Acids

• Building Blocks of Proteins
• Twenty Kinds of Amino Acids

NH2
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Protein Molecule

• Chain of Amino Acids

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Protein Properties

• Millions of different proteins are possible from
  the various combinations of 20 amino acids
• Sequence of amino acids determines protein shape
  and function
• Analogy
• UNITED-----UNTIED
• PHEASANT----- PEASANT
• Sickle cell anemia
• ONE amino acid in hemoglobin different

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Nucleic Acids

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorous

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Nucleic Acid Types

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
• Stores genetic information for making all body
  parts
• Copies itself every time a cell divides
• RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
• Performs one set of instructions from DNA

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Nucleotides
Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
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Nucleic Acid Molecule
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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

• Stores and releases small packets of energy

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Structure of ATP
Adenine
Phosphates
Ribose
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Origin of Organic Molecules

• Lightning Hypothesis
• Stanley Miller 1953
• Amino acids produced
• Fatty acids produced

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Origin of Organic Molecules

• Panspermia Hypothesis
• Comet or meteorite from outer space seeded earth
  with organic compounds
• Meteorite in 1969 had amino acids other organic
  compounds

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Origin of Organic Molecules

• Hydrothermal vent hypothesis
• Super heated water released from vents deep in
  the ocean
• Energy from these vents support unique ecosystems

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Self Replication

• Ribozymes
• RNA that can function as an enzyme

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The End