Mario Manfredoni [e-mail]

1
Mario Manfredonimario.manfredoni_at_cabletron.com
2
Cabletron

• Data Communications company, founded in 1983
• 1.4B sales, 3.1B market cap.
• 465M cash and investments, no debt
• Innovators in Technology
• 450 patents
• 14 of revenue spent on RD 200 million a
  further 80 million on technology startups

3
Market Position?

• Worldwide Modular Switching (DellOro Group)
• 1 L3 Switched 10/100 Mbps
• 2 L3 Switched 1000 Mbps
• 2 L2 Switched 10 Mbps
• 2 L2 Switched 100 Mbps
• Worldwide Enterprise Management (IDC)
• 2 Enterprise Management Platform
• The Leader in Network Control Services
• Directory Enabled since 1994
• Policy Management since 1996

4
Market Segments

• SmartSwitch Router
• Increased over 21 sequentially
• Increased over 200 year-over-year
• Currently 21 of sales
• xDSL
• Sales have tripled over past 6 months
• Expecting double digit sequential growth
• SmartSwitching
• Port shipment growth of 20 sequentially
• Currently 45 of sales

5
Market Segments

• Software
• Increased sales 35 sequentially
• Increased sales 20 year-over-year
• High gross margin
• Services
• Professional services growing nearly 100
  sequentially
• Now 16 of sales

6

Technology Highway Industry Vision
7
The Next Wave
2nd Wave
Information Business

• IT as a Source of Competitive Advantage
• E- Business, E-CommerceElectronic Supply Chain
  Management
• Interactive Information
• Mass Customization
• Death of Distance

1st Wave
Connectivity

• IT as a Cost Center
• File, Print, E-Mail
• Information Distribution
• Web Browsing
• Fixed Connectivity

8
One Step Ahead of Whats Next

• Intelligence Everywhere
• Information Society
• Information Entertainment
• Information Economy
• Interactive Internet 2
• Distance Learning
• Connecting PeopleNot Devices
• Evolving commerce from one solution for millions
  to millions of solutions for onemass
  customization

9
Network is the Business

• Some Examples of Critical-ness
• B2B Dependant Networks

Vendor
Supplier
The Network
Supply Chain Management
10
Applications Drive Infrastructure Change

• Intranets have changed all the traffic patterns
• Extranets and VPNs need to deliver utility-like
  service
• E-Commerce demands security and reliability
• IP multicast being embedded in mainstream
  applications
• IP voice and IP video demand low latency
• Voice, video and data convergence drive the need
  for Quality of Service
• Server centralization increases backbone traffic

11
Enterprise Networks - IT Applications
Tier I Business Applications E-Commerce,
E-Business, SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, NetMe
eting, Collaboration Tools, Siebel, Bond,
Agile ... Tier II Infrastructure
Applications E-mail, Printing, File
Sharing, WWW, Distance Learning ... Tier
III Other Games, PointCast, MP3
Music, Single Use Apps ...
12
New Application - Streaming Video

• Increasing Popular for Training Purposes
• Bandwidth impact is radically unpredictable
• Real time Video on the LAN
• By year 2000, 18 of US businesses (Sage
  Research, Inc.)
• Image processing - 1/2 of all US business
• Forms for Insurance, teleradiology in hospitals,
  etc
• Desktop videoconferences
• Retrieving images

13
Customer Expectations - More Utility-Like

• High performance (bandwidth)
• Predictability (latency, delivery, etc)
• Availability
• Reliability (99.999999... uptime, fail over
  circuits, etc)
• Cost effective (competitive pricing, keep costs
  low)
• QoS capabilities (w/ policies and CoS)
• Simplicity (non-complex)
• Manageable

14
Cabletron Driving the 3rd Wave

• Enterprise Solutions
• Virtual Private Networks
• Policy-Based Networking
• Wire-speed L3 Infrastructure
• Service Provider Solutions
• Emerging Internet SPs
• Service Deployment ToolsAccounting, Billing,
  SLAs
• Convergence Solutions
• Voice Ready Infrastructure
• Voice Over Last-mile
• Voice Management
• Voice Gateways, Toll Bypass

15
Convergence

• IP Protocol (VoIP), IP Multicast
• Voice, Data and Video Traffic
• Desktop Conferencing, Multimedia and Internet
  Convergence
• In the WAN -
• Makes financial sense
• Easy to justify
• Some Desktop Applications - Real Audio,
  NetMeeting...
• Phones and PCs Stay On the Desk in the
  Enterprise
• Integrate When the Need Arises (PBX investment)
• Call centers
• New buildings

16
Enterprise QoS Features

• Ability to guarantee QoS to key applications
• Providing priority to the most important users
• Limit the network resources provided by demanding
  applications (i.e. desktop video)
• Control - Reduction of the need to police the
  network
• Easier path to multiservice integration
• Future Proof - Hardware that is policy ready
  helps avoid network upgrades

17
Standards-Based QoS Solution

• Packet Tagging
• 802.1P
• IP ToS/DiffServ
• MPLS
• RSVP
• Traffic Shaping
• Strict Priority Queuing
• Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ)
• Class Based Queuing (CBQ)
• Random Early Discard (RED WRED)
• Committed Access Rate (CAR)

18
SLA and QoS Management
QoS will be defined by application
responsiveness and end user experience not by
simple bandwidth reservation and measurement

• Priority is relative and will be defined by who
  the user is and what business function they
  support
• Allows the IT system to offer differing levels of
  information transport service based on differing
  business priorities

19
Key Product Initiatives

• VPN technology across WAN product line
• Layer 4 awareness across product line
• WWW based management across product line
• SSN Integration with directory services
• New policy management services
• Router access control list management
• Quality of service / class of service
• IP accounting Billing
• Integrated voice gateways in select WAN products

20
Emerging Transport Technologies

• 10 Mbps In-Building Wireless
• gt100 Mbps Building-to-Building Broadband Wireless
• 10/100/1000 Auto-Sensing to the desktop in 2000
• 10 Gbps Ethernet
• Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
• Enhanced traffic management and QoS across all
  product lines

21
Lastly It Is About Selling Solutions
GlobalNetwork Technology services
Network Management Tools
Cabletrons Solutions
Award Winning Products
Third Party / OEM Products - Relationships
22
Application Aware Networking
23
Agenda

• Background and Drivers
• Layer 4 Switching
• SmartSwitch Router Features

24
The Application Aware Network
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Enterprise Network - Drivers

• Access Horizon is changing - 10/100
• E-Commerce demands Reliability and Security
• Traffic Patterns are changing
• centralised server farms
• client/server, browser/server, client/client
• IP Multicast embedded in mainstream applications

26
Enterprise Network - Drivers

• Converging Applications - Voice, Video, Data
• convergence but no request for delivery
• drives the QoS need
• Accountability
• validate and track network activity
• justification process

27
Carrier Network - Drivers

• Access Horizon is changing - DSL
• Web Hosting
• ISPs central servers
• web technology is compromised
• moving content closer to browsers - caching
• Differentiate Service on top of IP
• Service Level Guarantees
• Accounting ???

28
Consider the Internet/Intranet

• Multiple Applications
• different services
• Convergence
• Unicast/Multicast

29
Consider the Internet/Intranet

• Is Layer 2 enough?
• No applicationdifferentiation

30
Consider the Internet/Intranet

• Is layer 3 enough?
• No application differentiation

31
Consider the Internet/Intranet

• Application Aware
• The basis of
• QoS
• Service Levels
• Security
• Accounting

32
Application Aware - QoS

• Class Based
• Static QoS Definitions
• Consider VoIP

33
Application Aware - QoS

• Flow Based Bandwidth
• Static or Dynamic
• Specify in Kilobits/Sec
• Classify against Port or Layer 4 flow

34
The Traditional Router

• Software/Microprocessor based systems
• serial forwarding
• Performance and Functionality - Mutually
  Exclusive
• High Latency
• Expensive
• Future - looks bleak

35
The Traditional Switch

• ASIC Based Systems
• Parallel Forwarding
• High Performance
• Low Latency
• Too little control? Limited scalability?
• Future - Secured as access device

36
Next Generation - Prerequisites

• Wire-speed
• Low Latency
• Scalability
• Application - Differentiation, Isolation, QoS
• Security
• Accounting
• The enabling technology...

37
Layer 4 - Switching

• The ability to Switch and Track packets using
  layer 3 and layer 4 information - at wire-speed
• Benefits
• Resource allocation at the application layer
• Aligns network with applications
• Security at the application layer
• Accounting at the application layer

38
Layer-4 Enabled QoS
Desktop Conferencing, Distance Learning
Mission-Critical Applications
Voice
File Transfer, E-Mail
39
Layer-4 Switching

• Usually QoS security benefits are provided when
  crossing Layer-3 subnet boundaries
• The SSRs Layer-4 switching architecture allows
  it to provide QoS and security in a Layer-2
  domain while remaining standards based
• No other switch has this feature. Other switches
  rely on Layer-2 solutions such as 802.1p.

Only Cabletron can provide end-to-end QoS and
security!
40
L4 Switching Delivers Wire-speed Functionality
IP Layer-4 Flow
Access Control
Accounting (RMON2)
Quality of Service
IPX Layer-4 Flow
Solves
Congestion
Security
Management
41
Layer 3 Switching - Packet Forwarding Only
IP Layer-4 Flow
Access Control
Quality of Service
Accounting (RMON2)
X
X
X
Only processes this information
IPX Layer-4 Flow
42
SmartSwitch Router Overview
43
Next Generation Enterprise Backbones
(The five requirements for backbone switching
routers)
Performance
Wirespeed, independent of media
Full Functionality
Security, QoS, Accounting
Capacity
Large Route/MAC/Flow Tables
Manageability
Quality Instrumentation (RMON2, SNMP)
Price
Approaching that of L2 Switches
44
The Enabling Technology
Wire-speed Layer-4 Flow Switching
Definition
Ability to classify, process and forward, layer-4
application conversations at wire-speed
Provide security, allocate QoS, collect
statistics and perform accounting at the
transport layer, at wire-speed
Benefit
Implementation
Custom high speed ASICs for packet processing and
routing
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The SSR Family

• SSR 2000
• New low cost, enterprise desktop switch for the
  power workgroup
• SSR 8000
• Existing high performance, high function switch
  router for the enterprise
• SSR 8600
• New high density, wire-speed switch router for
  enterprise collapsed backbone and wiring closet
  applications

46
Recent Awards
Hot Product - Backbone Switch - Data
Communications January 1999
Best of the Best - InternetWeek Magazine
December 21, 1998
Product of the Year - Network Equipment Router
- CTI Magazine December 15, 1998
Best of Breed - InternetWeek Magazine November
30, 1998
Most Fully Featured Layer-3 Switch - Mier
Communications November 19, 1998
47
SmartSwitch Router 2000

• Features
• 8 Gbps, Up to 32 ports
• 16 10/100 fixed, 2 option slots
• Policy based QoS to the desktop,
• Comprehensive security
• Detailed accounting
• Multicast support
• Directory Services

• Key Applications
• L2/L4 Workgroup Switch
• Load Balancing Server Farm Switch
• Small Enterprise Router

WAN
48
Preview SmartSwitch Router 2008

• Features
• 8 Gbps, 8.5 Million pps
• 8 fixed ports of 1000Base-SX
• Policy based QoS
• Comprehensive security
• Detailed accounting
• Multicast support
• Directory Services

• Key Applications
• L3/L4 Workgroup Aggregation Switch
• Load Balancing Server Farm Switch

49
SmartSwitch Router 8000

• Features
• 16 Gbps, 15 Million Packets per Second
• Maximum capacity of 56-ports
• DS-1 through Gigabit Ethernet
• Full function enterprise/ISP routing
• Wire-speed application level QoS, Security,
  Accounting
• Full redundancy

• Key Applications
• Enterprise Core and/or WAN Edge
• Internet access routers, DSLAMs, headends
• High-availability server farm aggregation

50
SmartSwitch Router 8600

• Features
• 32 Gbps, 34 Million Packets per Second
• Up to 120 ports total
• DS-1 through Gigabit Ethernet
• Full function enterprise/ISP routing
• Wire-speed application level QoS, Security,
  Accounting
• Full redundancy

• Key Applications
• Enterprise Wiring Closet L2
• Server Farm Aggregation
• Enterprise Core/WAN Routing Switch
• Internet Access Aggregation
• Internet Aggregate Routing Switch

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SmartSwitch Router 32000

• NEBS Level 3 compliant
• 16 blades
• 14 I/O blades
• 1 Control Module or I/O slot
• 1 Control Module
• 2 Switching Fabrics
• 64 Gbps, 70 Mpps
• Removable, serviceable external clocking module
• Redundant Power Supply
• 110 /240 VAC
• -48V DC
• Front, middle or rear rack mountable

52
WAN Interfaces

• 2 and 4 Port Serial (T1/E1)
• Hardware Compression
• Stac Electronics LZS Microsofts MPPC
• Available on the 4 port serial only
• Hardware Encryption up to 168-bit keys (includes
  parity)
• DES, Triple DES, RC-4, MD-5
• PPP ECP initially w/ IPSec as a software upgrade
• Available on the 4 port serial only
• 2 Port HSSI (T3/E3)
• Supporting
• PPP and Frame Relay
• Extensive per PVC/SVC Traffic Shaping
• Weighted Random Early Detection - WRED

53
New SmartSwitch Router Line Cards

• Gigabit Ethernet
• Single port 15-70km Gigabit Ethernet
• Dual port 1000Base-SX
• Dual port 1000Base-LX
• SONET (PPP HDLC encaps)
• Quad port OC-3c
• 32 MB buffering per port
• Dual port OC-12c
• 64 MB buffering per port
• ATM
• Dual port Multi-service ATM
• T1/E1, T3/E3 and OC-3c
• Quad port OC-3c
• Dual port OC-12c
• CMTS
• 4 port upstream, 1 port downstream DOCSIS
  compliant cable modem termination blade

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70km Gigabit Ethernet
1 port 70km Gigabit Ethernet

• Allows extended reach capabilities far beyond the
  current 5km maximum provided by the standard
• Enables gigabit performance for large campus and
  metropolitan access networks
• More cost effective and easier to implement than
  SONET based technologies for dark fiber
  applications
• Available for shipment in Q199

55
SSR Common Technology

• Full function wire-speed switching and wire-speed
  IP/IPX Routing
• Full Layer-4 Switching enabling
• End to End QoS, security and accounting at
  wire-speed
• Common software image
• Easy software upgrades, easy management
• Common line card technology
• Speeds time to market ensures backward
  compatibility
• Common management platform SPECTRUM, CoreWatch

56
Complete Routing/Switching Functionality
RIP
OSPF
BGP-4
RIP
SAP
DVMRP
PIM-DM
PIM-SM
VRRP
IP Multicast
IP Unicast
IPX Unicast
RSVP
DHCP
IP QoS/NAT
Diff-serv
ServerArray
Port/Protocol VLANs
802.1p QoS
802.1Q Trunking
IGMP Snooping
802.1dSTP
SmartTrunk
57
Hardware Architecture
58
Distributed Routing Architecture
Line Card
Control Module
Line Card
Line Card
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 1
L3
L3
L2
L2
PHY
PHY
Line Card
Line Card
Line Card
Line Card
Slot 6
Slot 7
Slot 5
Slot 8
59
Distributed Input/Output Processing
Input Processing
L2 Database
Output Processing
Bridge or Route
Priority
Accounting
Filters
Arbiter
60
Flow Table Management
CPU Module
First Packet
Access Control
Bridging
VLANs
Routing
QoS Policy
RMON/ RMON2
Input Processing
Subsequent Packets
L2 Database
Bridge or Route
Output Processing
Priority
Accounting
Filters
Encaps Queuing
Encaps
QoS
Crossbar
Demux
Arbiter
Flow classification and distribution is better
than 25,000 flows per second
61
Crossbar

• 2.0 Gbps per channel (SSR8000/8600)
• 4 priority queues per input and output channel
• Packet switching
• Overspeed
• Overflow at output buffers
• Avoid Head Of Line - look 4 deep per queue
• Multicast packets replicated in hardware

62
Multicast Support
OutputModule
InputModule
OutputModule
QoS ensures priority
OutputModule

• Standards based Multicast support
• IGMP v2 (seamless integration with
  workstations/servers)
• DVMRP v3
• PIM-DM, PIM-SM
• ACLs screen out hosts which attempt to join
  certain multicast groups

Expanding Ring TTL Support
Efficient packet replication via switch fabric
63
QoS - Packet Classification(Four Classes of
Service)
Switch Fabric
ASIC based Layer-3/4Packet Classifier
Buffer Queues
Line Speed Gigabit Input Streams
Layer-3 Layer-4 flows mapped to CoS Layer-2
802.1p priority mapped to CoS
64
QoS - Multiple Prioritization Schemes
Dual MAC
Layer-3 TOS/DiffServ Packet Marking Layer-2
802.1p Packet Marking
65
Per Flow Committed Access Rate (CAR)(Rate
Limiting)
Excess bandwidth discarded
Buffer Queues
Switch Fabric
H
H
H
H
H
H
HTTP Flow
H
H
H
H
H
H
F
F
F
F
F
F
FTP Flow
e
e
eMail Flow
Buffer Queues
H
H
H
H
H
H
HTTP Flow
H
H
H
H
H
F
F
F
FTP Flow
F
F
F
e
eMail Flow
e
CAR can be performed on - per port - per
flow(s) - per application(s) - per host(s)in
kilobits per second
66
Random Early Detection (RED)

• Maximizes throughput under congestive conditions
• Provides fair bandwidth reduction between host
  connections thru implicit notification (dropped
  packets)
• Works for TCP only, use CAR for UDP
• Intelligently differentiates between transient
  bursts and excessive offered load
• Avoids TCP slow start oscillations
• Reduces overall nodal latency

Weighted RED (WRED) is RED policies per Queue
67
Key Redundancy Features
Fully hot swappable with redundant Control
Modules and Switch Fabrics
Superior balancing based on flows rather than MAC
address Can balance flows using round robin or
link utilization algorithms
68
Web Hosting with Gigabit Ethernet
Server Array Load-balancing based on Layer 4
Application traffic round robin, server
utilization, server availability
Transparent Web Caching Redirect HTTP requests
to a Web cache server
Jumbo Frame Support with hardware IP
Fragmentation support to lower MTU interfaces
(Dont Fragment bit not set)
Large Packet Buffering to insure zero packet loss
under any conditions
Layer-4 Quality of Service and Access Control
Lists plus support for Diff-serv
Full RMON I RMON II Supported along with LFAP
for Accounting
69
Gigabit Ethernet Metro Networks
Long distances supported over high-performance,
simple to manage gigabit ethernet links
No route cache, full route tables loaded on line
card (up to 200,000). Allows for non-stop,
wire-speed routing
Up to 70 kilometers
Layer-4 Control to provide Quality of Service
Access Control as well as modifying the IP
TOS/Diff-serv field
Accounting can be performed either per-flow or by
prefix and next hop
70
Core IP Routing over SONET
No route cache, full route tables loaded on line
card (up to 200,000). Allows for non-stop,
wire-speed routing
Layer-4 Control to provide Quality of Service
Access Control as well as modifying the IP
TOS/Diff-serv field
Like the Gigabit Ethernet modules, SONET cards
also support Weighted Fair Queuing Weighted
Random Early Detection to prevent congestive
collapse as well as guaranteeing bandwidth
Supports PPP, MLPPP HDLC encapsulations
71
Core IP Routing over ATM
Multi-service ATM module allows for connections
to T1/E1, T3/E3 and OC-3c pipes using modular
phys
Higher density OC-3c OC-12c lower the cost for
high-speed LAN WAN services
Future support for Multi-Protocol Label Swapping
as a software upgrade
72
SmartSwitch Router Cable Modem Termination
Provides integrated headend solution Allows
deployment of other services from same headend
chassis Easily scales to add new
subscribers Application level QoS at wire speed
DOCSISv1.0 support Compatible with residential
cable modems DOCSIS v1.1 support QoS and CBR
needed for VoIP and Enterprise applications
SPECTRUM Support Allows central configuration
and control of regional headend CMTS cable modem
authentication and management
Enhanced RF Signal Analysis for SPECTRUM
73
Cabletron Solutions
74
3rd Wave Enterprise Solutions
Small Business
Medium Business
Large Business
INTERNET
ISDN
DSL
CABLE

• SmartSwitch 6000 for high-density wiring closets
• SmartSwitch Router for Network Core/WAN edge
• SmartSwitch Router 100/200, 500 and 2000 family
  for WAN
• SPECTRUM Management

• SmartSwitch Router 2000 for integrated
  high-performance LAN and WAN access
• SmartSTACK for low-cost expansion
• Core Watch and SPEL Management

• SmartSTACK for low cost links
• SmartSwitch Router 100/200 for a full suite of
  remote access choices
• Web Management

75
3rd Wave Service Provider Solutions
Hosting
Virtual Private Networks
Broadband last-mile
Internet
WAN
Large Business
Home Office
Branch Office
Corporate and Branch Sites
Extranet
SSR 520
SSR 520
ISDN
SmartSwitch 6000r
SAC
SSR 100
INTERNET
Internet
SAC
Carrier Backbone
Carrier Backbone
DSL
DSL
DSL
SSR 250
DSL
Modem
SSR 245
SAC
CABLE
SSR 265
SSR 250
SSR 100
SSR 265
SAC
SmartSwitch Router
Small Office Home Office Sites

• SmartSwitch Router 100 for ISDN
• SmartSwitch Router 250 for ADSL
• SmartSwitch Router 245 for Cable or DSL access
• SmartSwitch Router 265 for Cable access

• SSR 100/200 for small business, telecommuters,
  small offices
• VPN over ISDN, DSL and cable
• SSR 500/700 for branch offices
• SSR 2000/8000/8600/32000 with performance QoS
  for future Gigabit-class VPN

• SmartSwitch Routers for high performance, high
  density load balancing, accounting, web-caching
• SmartSwitch 6000 for redundant, high density,
  feature rich layer-2 infrastructure components

76
Content Hosting
77
Market Need

• Eight reasons Internet Traffic Management
  Products are needed
• 1. Computers fail
• 2. Single computers arent big enough
• 3. Computers are not equal
• 4. Site popularity varies
• 5. Not all requests are equally important
• 6. Bad things happen
• 7. Networks are expensive - disks are cheap
• 8. The internet is flaky

78
ITM Market Projection
Source Collaborative Research 1999
79
Market Dynamics

• "Five years from now, if you're a CIO, you won't
  be buying from a vendor anymore You'll rent all
  your resources from a service provider."
• Scott McNealy, CEO Sun Microsystems

ASP
ISP
Internet Service Provider
Application Service Provider
80
Content Hosting Solutions
Internet
WAN

• Customer Business Needs
• Reliable, high-performance access to web-based
  mission-critical applications
• Fully utilize server capacity
• Secure network boundary lines
• Enforced network policies for assigned user
• Cabletrons Network Solutions
• Scaleable high performance SmartSwitch Router
  solutions for high speed access and switching
• Cabletrons BIG/ip server load balancer for
  non-stop server availability
• Distributed load balancing for remote site
  coordination
• Nokia Firewall for secure access and data
  protection
• SPECTRUM IP traffic accounting for billing and
  capacity planning

Extranet
SmartSwitch Router
BIG/ip
BIG/ip
Nokia
BIG/ip
BIG/ip
SmartSwitch Router
Intranet
81
Content Hosting Solutions

• Cabletrons Advantage
• High-performance, Layer 3 and 4 switching router
  for high available, redundant server access
• Highly scalable solution form the smallest ISP
  to the largest carrier
• Router based Firewall for secure access access
  serving internal and external users
• Wide area routing for internet and remote user
  access
• Accounting application for billing and capacity
  planning
• Advanced local and distributed server load
  balancing for non-stop operation

• Customer Business Benefits
• Increase revenue opportunities by providing
  outsourced hosted services
• Optimize server utilization with sophisticated
  load balancing
• Improve customer return rates by distributed load
  balancing and localized content
• Reduce equipment and management costs by
  combining routing, switching and WAN in one box
• Scaleable solutions to grow as subscribers and
  bandwidth demands increase

82
Content Hosting Solution Sets

• Small POP Content Hosting Site
• e.g. local ISP
• Medium POP Content Hosting Site
• e.g. regional ISP
• Large POP Content Hosting Site
• e.g. national ISP
• Distributed Content Hosting
• e.g. international ISP
• ISP Traffic Accounting

83
Small POP Content Hosting Solution

• Customer Business Need
• Small hosting site
• Minimum amount of equipment due to limited space
• High security for e-commerce
• 10-100 Mb/s performance
• Cabletrons Network Solution
• SmartSwitch Router 8000 with WAN card and BGP for
  Interent connection
• Nokia IP440 Firewall/Router
• SmartSwitch Router 8000 with LSNAT load balancing
  support
• 10 or 100 FE LAN connections

Web Content/Application Servers
84
Small POP Content Hosting Solution

• Cabletron Advantage
• WAN and BGP in Switch/Router
• Industry leading firewall support (Checkpoint
  FireWall-1)
• Industry leading 16M pps Switch/Routing
  performance (SSR 8000)
• Comprehensive set of load balancing algorithms
  (LSNAT)
• Traffic prioritization and rate shaping/flow
  limiting
• Scaleable solution that can grow with the service
  provider

• Customer Business Benefits
• Increased productivity and reliability I.e. more
  uptime
• Security for Extranet and Intranet applications
• Reduced cost of ownership from better utilization
  of resources
• Reduced equipment cost from integration of switch
  and router platforms into one box
• Reduced Management costs from policy based usage
  and accounting
• Offer differentiated services
• Higher customer return rate

85
Medium POP Content Hosting Solution

• Customer Business Need
• Redundant scalable content hosting solution
• High security for e-commerce
• 100 -1000 Mb/s performance
• Cabletrons Network Solution
• Dual Nokia IP440 or 650 Firewall/Router
• SmartSwitch Router 8600 with dual VLANs
• Dual BIG/ip for redundant load balancing
• 100 FE or 1000 GbE LAN connections

VLAN 1
VLAN 2
Web Content/Application Servers
86
Mega POP Content Hosting Solution

• Customer Business Need
• Fully redundant scalable hosting solution
• Multiple security domains for hosted sites
  applications
• gt1000 Mb/s performance and low delay
• Cabletrons Network Solution
• Multiple Nokia IP440 or 650 Firewall/Router
• SmartSwitch Router 8600 with dual VLANs
• Multiple BIG/ip for redundant load balancing
• 100 FE or 1000 GbE LAN connections

Internet
BGPdomain
GbE
10/100
10/100
GbE
abc.com
xyz.com
87
Mega POP Content Hosting Solution

• Cabletron Advantage
• WAN and BGP in Switch
• Policy Based Routing for multiple Firewall
  support
• Industry leading firewall support (Checkpoint
  FireWall-1)
• Industry leading 32M pps Switch/Routing
  performance (SSR 8600)
• Full set of load balancing algorithms (BIG/ip)
• Automatic failover with watchdog cards and VRRP
• Traffic prioritization and rate shaping/flow
  limiting

• Customer Business Benefits
• Increased productivity and reliability I.e. more
  uptime
• Security for Extranet and Intranet applications
• Higher customer return rate from better
  utilization of resources
• Reduced equipment cost from integration of switch
  and router platforms into one box
• Increased revenue opportunities from IP usage and
  accounting statistics
• Ability to offer differentiated services

88
Why Policy based Routing is required

• TCP ACK goes through firewall to server
• Server side switch must ensure TCP SYN goes back
  thru same firewall to preserve state context
• Use the Least Significant Bit of IP address to
  determine
• odd addresses go left
• even addresses go right
• Can scale for for more bits e.g. 2, 3, 4 for more
  firewalls

xx-xx-xx-x1
xx-xx-xx-x0
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Internal Product Positioning
90
IP Accounting - The Technology

• David Delcourt
• Advanced Applications Manager

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Accounting Planning

• Enterprise Public Services
• Planning and Resource Allocation
• Quality of Service Association
• Expense Appropriation
• ISP Telco
• Service Billing
• New Service Deployment
• Out-Source
• Service Billing
• Service Level Proof of Delivery
• So many businesses want to understand their
  communications profiles

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Monitoring and Feedback

• Traffic Accounting
• Cost effective way to baseline traffic flows
• Long term network usage recording
• Traffic and Resource reporting
• Reporting by
• Individual
• Department
• Application
• Local or Wide Area Network reporting
• Cost effective, highly accurate business
  reporting tool

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IP Traffic Accounting

• Expense Appropriation
• Bill departments or groups
• Usage reports for users
• Aggregate bandwidth consumption by application
• Capacity and growth planning
• Reporting
• Reports can be generated and emailed on a
  scheduled interval.
• Daily, weekly, and monthly reports for each user,
  department, or company.
• Report activity of critical resources such as
  file servers, mail servers, and database servers.

94
Component Parts of Accounting

• Cabletron Traffic Accountant (CTA)
• Interrogating, Viewing and Storing Data
• Flow Accounting Server (FAS)
• Data Collector
• SmartSwitch Router
• Infrastructure

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Cabletron Traffic Accountant

• The Cabletron Traffic Accountant, CTA, performs
  many tasks
• Aggregation
• The CTA receives files from the FAS and looks at
  the SIP/DIP pairs as well as Source/Destination
  Ports to determine conversations
• Many flows then get aggregated down to a single
  entry in the database
• Integration
• After the Aggregation is done, the information
  must be entered into the database
• Costing and Directory matching is done at this
  time as well
• Reports and Queries
• There are over 30 different prepared reports and
  queries that can be run against the data

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Flow Accounting Server

• The Flow Accounting Server, FAS, provides several
  key features
• Scalable
• The FAS can accept up to 8000 LFPS messages per
  second
• The FAS organises the messages by source SSR and
  Flow ID
• Fault Tolerant
• The FAS can be Primary for one group of Smart
  Switch Routers and also be Secondary for another
  group of SSRs
• When an SSR must switch from a Primary to a
  Secondary FAS, the Flow ID is the unique
  identifier to keep track of the flow status

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SmartSwitch Router

• The SmartSwitch Router, SSR, is a required
  element of the Accounting model
• The SSR has a Lightweight Flow Accounting
  Protocol, LFAP, agent embedded in firmware
• Part of firmware version 2.0.0.0 and later
• LFAP is a TCP orientated protocol that pushes
  flow information from the SSR to the FAS

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Accounting Element Model
99
Traffic Differentiation Model
Layer 4 Capabilities attract a wider
customer audience
100
Deployment Architecture
PC/NT 4.0
CTA
FTP
FAS
FAS
SPARC/Solaris 2.5.1
FAS
Backup FASs
LFAP
SSR
SSR
SSR
SSR
SSR
SSR
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Typical Schema
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ISP Traffic Accounting Solution

• Customer Business Need
• Understand network traffic patterns for capacity
  planning
• Bill customers for application usage
• Understand application usage
• Cabletrons Network Solution
• SmartSwitch Router 8000/8600
• Flow Accounting Server (Sun Ultra application
• Cabletron Traffic Accountant (NT application)

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ISP Traffic Accounting Solution

• Cabletron Advantage
• Industry leading 32M pps Switch/Routing
  performance while collecting stats (SSR)
• Industry unique application flow recording
  (SSR/FAS)
• Industry unique LFAP based data collection
  aggregator (FAS)
• Customer and standard report templates for
  capacity planning billing (CTA)
• Exception reporting for abnormal usage
  notification
• Performance reports for capacity planning

• Customer Business Benefits
• Reduced cost of ownership from better utilization
  of resources
• Reduced equipment cost by provisioning for real
  application volume
• Reduced Management costs from policy based usage
  and accounting
• Increased revenue from understanding application
  use and streamlining e-commerce traffic
• Increased performance from identifying network
  hogs
• Ability to bill or charge-back for server use

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Summary

• Cabletron Systems are leading the industry for
• Policy
• Directory
• Accounting
• Cabletron Systems has a complete set of services
  and solutions, not just one off products or
  concepts
• Cabletron Systems has the hardware platforms ie.
  SmartSwitch and SmartSwitch Routers to run these
  services
• We have the Channel Partners to deliver to our
  customers