NONFICTION TEXT UNIT:

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NONFICTION TEXT UNIT PATHS OF THE PEOPLE A look
at the Wisconsin Ojibwe Indian Experience
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• WORDS YOULL NEED TO KNOW TO GET STARTED..
• Primary source document
• Secondary source document
• Treaty
• Negotiation
• Consensus
• Cession
• Reservation
• Removal
• Assimilation
• Allotment

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• WHO ARE THE OJIBWE INDIANS?
• Other names Anishinabe, Saulteur, Chippewa
• Name means to roast until puckeredit refers to
  their style of moccasins. This name was given to
  them by their enemies, the Eastern Dakota (Sioux)
• Originated in the Gulf of St. Lawrence region
  migrated to Wisconsin over a 500 year period
• Their lifestyle incorporated hunting and
  gathering, which required them to move seasonally
  to find resources. They moved freely throughout
  much of north central Wisconsin and parts of
  Michigan and Minnesota
• After treaties with the United States government,
  Ojibwe Indians were restricted to small areas of
  land called reservations

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• TWO QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER AS WE WORK THROUGH THIS
  UNIT
• What were the impacts of treaties on the Ojibwe
  people?
• In what way(s) do we see impacts of these
  treaties in Wisconsin today?
• As we read and discuss during this unit, think
  carefully about what you are learning about
  Ojibwe history. Be prepared to share your
  ideaspositive and negativeabout the questions
  listed above.

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PART 1 THE TREATY PERIOD Treaties of 1825,
1837, 1842, 1854
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TREATIES AT A GLANCE 1825 establishes
boundaries among Indians 1837 Pine Tree
Treaty Government wants access to timber 1842
Copper Treaty Government wants access to
copper deposits near Lake Superior Not a removal
treaty Between 1842 1854 President Taylors
Removal Order, Annuity Payments in Sandy Lake,
MN 1854 provides reservation lands in UP and
Wisconsin
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PART 2 POST-TREATY CONTROVERSY
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In 1852, Chief Buffalo led a small group of
Ojibwe Indians to Washington. His goal was to
protest the Removal Order of President Zachary
Taylor. He was almost 100 years old at the
time. He was able to get President Millard
Fillmore to end the Removal Order, and his visit
helped to secure Wisconsin land for the Ojibwe in
1854.
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A section of the 1854 Treaty with the
Chippewa. This section, Article 2, describes
reservation lands for the Ojibwe people.
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PART 3 SOLVING THE INDIAN PROBLEM
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We can not afford to raise any more Indians in
this country. (Atkins, J.D.C., US
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1887-88.)
After the Indians were provided reservation
lands, much pressure was put on the Ojibwe people
to abandon their old ways. The United States
government attempted to assimilate the Ojibwe
into the white mans world. Government methods
included dividing the reservation lands and
allotting small sections to individual members of
the tribe. They hired farmers to work with the
Ojibwe in order to increase the number of farms
on reservation lands. Government officials also
opened boarding schools for Ojibwe children. The
children were removed from their homes and
enrolled in schools that were often far away from
their families.
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Students at boarding schools were forbidden to
speak their native languages. In addition to
learning how to read and write, they received
instruction in skills that would help them be
successful in the white mans world. These
skills included farming and carpentry for the
boys and sewing and cooking for the girls.
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TOURISM PLAYING INDIAN
By the 1920s, improved transportation into
Wisconsins north woods allowed many tourists
from the south to visit northern Wisconsin. This
meant that many Ojibwe people were able to find
jobs in the tourism industry. Ojibwe men worked
as hunting and fishing guides and laborers at
lakeside resorts. Ojibwe women often sold craft
items like beadwork, birchbark baskets,
moccasins, and dreamcatchers. Women also worked
as cooks or laundresses in resorts. Sometimes,
the Ojibwe people would perform in pageants and
pow wows in order to entertain tourists. The
U.S. government didnt especially approve of this
practice.
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• Now, consider again the guiding questions for
  this unit..
• What were the impacts of treaties on the Ojibwe
  people?
• In what way(s) do we see impacts of these
  treaties in Wisconsin today?
• Its time to share your ideas!!