Earth-Moon-Sun Relationship

1
Earth-Moon-Sun Relationship
Earthshine Project, BBSO (http//www.bbso.njit.edu
/espr/fig10.html
2
Earth-Moon-Sun Relationship

• Sphere a round, three-dimensional object whose
  surface at all points is the same distance from
  its center
• Axis an imaginary line around which an object
  spins

3
Earth-Moon-Sun Relationship

• Rotation the spinning of an object around its
  axis
• Revolution the orbiting of one object around
  another, like Earth revolving around the sun
• Ellipse an elongated, closed curve the shape
  of planetary orbits

4
Why do we have Seasons?

• They are caused by the tilt of Earths axis, 23½0
• Equinox when the noon sun is directly overhead
  at the equator, equal hours of daylight and
  darkness
• Solstice when the noon sun is directly overhead
  at either 23½0N (Tropic of Cancer) or 23½0S
  (Tropic of Capricorn) latitude, coincides with
  the 1st day of summer or winter

5
Great sites.

• http//esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/
  animations/01_EarthSun_E2.html
• http//www.astro.uiuc.edu/projects/data/Seasons/se
  asons.html - seasons
• http//www.instruction.greenriver.edu/physics/seas
  ons/seasonsgraph.html -seasons
• http//aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/earthview.php
  - day and night

6
(No Transcript)
7
Path of the Ecliptic
The apparent path of the Sun across the sky. In
summer, the Sun's path is longest, and so are the
days.In winter, the Sun's path is shortest, and
so are the days.

• http//www.lon-capa.org/mmp/applist/seasons/cd190
  b.htm

8
The Moon

• 1. Earths only natural satellite
• 384,000km away, 1/6th the gravity of Earth
• Noon temp. of 1300C, night temp. of -1750C
• Surface features
• Dark, flat plains called marias
• Bright areas called highlands

9
The Moon (cont.)

• The period of rotation equals the period of
  revolution around the Earth
• Apollo 11 put Neil Armstrong and Edwin Buzz
  Aldrin on the moon on July 16th, 1969

10
(No Transcript)
11
The Moon (cont.)

• Lunar Eclipse when Earth passes between the
  moon and the sun

12
The Moon (cont.)

• Solar Eclipse when the moon passes between
  Earth and the sun

13
Earth-Moon Revolutions

• The earth and moon revolving around the
  barycenter. Notice how the earth moves slightly.

14
Tides

• Caused by moons gravitational pull
• Spring Tide the moon, Earth and sun align
• Neap Tide when the moon, Earth and sun form a
  right angle

https//www.meted.ucar.edu/oceans/tides_intro/medi
a/graphics/lunardecexplain.gif
http//www.meted.ucar.edu/oceans/tides_intro/menu.
htm
15
Moon Phases

• Changes in appearance of the moon as it orbits
  Earth every 29½ days
• New Moon when the side facing Earth is totally
  dark
• First Quarter Moon when the right half of the
  moon facing Earth is lit
• Full Moon when the side facing Earth is
  completely lit
• Third Quarter Moon when the left half of the
  moon facing Earth is lit

16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18

• Why do we NOT have a Lunar Eclipse every month?

19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
Earths magnetic field

• Basically a magnet, exerting a magnetic field
  surrounding the earth, which effectively extends
  several tens of thousands of kilometers into
  space, is called the magnetosphere.

22
Earths Magnetic Field

• Magnetosphere protects us from the Solar Wind.

http//averyhenderson.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/
solarinteraction1.jpeg
23
What is Solar Wind

• A stream of energized, charged particles,
  primarily electrons and protons, flowing outward
  from the Sun
• Travels through the solar system at speeds as
  high as 400-900 km/s (and at a temperature of 1
  million degrees (Celsius).
• Made of plasma.

24
(No Transcript)
25
http//www.aerospaceweb.org/question/astronomy/mag
netic-field/earth.jpg
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30

• Extra Credit.
• Go online and find
• The phase that the moon was on MY birthday May
  1st.
• The phase of the moon on YOUR birthday
• The month and year of the next
• BLUE MOON