???? Floc

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???????????????????? ???? Floc
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?????? ?
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?????????????????? ?????????????????????

• ?????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ????????

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Floc ????????
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Floc
????????????????????????????
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Bio-floc technology
active suspension ponds heterotrophic
ponds green soup
to solve water quality problems Avnimelech et
al., 1989 controlling heterotrophic bacteria
in the cultured pond by CN ratio management
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Heterotroph
??????????????????????????? ?????????????? ????? ?
???????? ???????
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Autotroph

• ???????????????????????????
• ???????????????
• ????????????????
• ??????????????????

????????????
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Chlorella ???? Autroph ???? Hetrotroph ?
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???????????????????? ???? Chlorella Amphiphora
???????? Autotroph Heterotrop
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Aqua Mat
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???? ??????????????????
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??????????????????

• ????????????????????????? ???? ????? ??
  ?????????????????
• ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????? ?????
  ??????????????? ?????????????????????? 15-35

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Burford et al. (2004)
Controlling C/N ratio could control heterotrophic
bacterial population that are food source of
carp tilapia and shrimp
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Erler et al. (2005)
Additional molasses in shrimp culture could
improved shrimp growth and reduce FCR Because
of greater food source availability in from of
bacterial biomass
molasses
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???????????????

• ??????????????????????????????
• ???????????????

????????????????????????????????? (Cation
exchange capacity CEC)
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Hari et al. (2004)

• increased Heterotrophic
• bacterial growth
• Reduced demand for
• supplemental feed protein
• Reduced toxic inorganic nitrogen

The addition of a carbohydrate source in the
extensive shrimp pond
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Avnimelech (1999)

• Controlling C/N ratio at 16.7 could
• reduce inorganic nitrogen in
• shrimp experimental tanks
• tilapia commercial-scale ponds

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?????????
???????????????????????? ????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????
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Control WSSV by floc
RPS()
Treatment
0
Control
87.50 12.5
Floc
Direkbusarakom et al. 2008
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????????????????? ??????????????
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??????????????????? ?????????
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Floc is microorganism
Nutrient
Nitrogen Urea Fertilizer
Carbon Rice bran Molasses
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Mineralization
?????????????????
????????????????? ( NH4-N )
Immobilization
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????????????
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?????????
??????? 40.08
?????????????? ?????????????????????????
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??
??????? 65.52
???????????? ????????????????????????? ????????
?????????????????????????
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????
???????????????? 47.38 ?????????????????????
42.34

• Bacillus spp.
• ?????????????????????????

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?????????????
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?????? ((NH2)2CO
46-0-0
????????????????????????????
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????????????????
21-0-0
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?????????????
Benthic algae
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???????

• ????????
• ??????????
• ????????
• ???????

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????????
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???????
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??????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???
????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????
????????
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??????????

• ????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????????????

??????? (MgSO4)
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????????

• ????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????
• ??????????????????

???
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??? Mg2 Ca2
?????????????????????????
????? -
????? -




????? -



Ca2
Mg2
-?????



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??? Silicate
?????????????????????????
?????????????? Benthic diatom
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??? Sulfate
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????????????????
C/N ratio ??? N/P ratio ?????? 10
???????????????????????????? CNPS
1001011
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??????????? Burford ??????(2003)

• ????? ???? ????? ??????????????????
• ???????????? ?????
• ??????? 14.20-48.10 mg/l
• ???????? 2.29-5.56 mg/l
• ?????? 0.07-1.17 mg/l

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Treatments Nutrients Nutrients Nutrients Nutrients RN from day 2 to day 5 ()
Treatments C6H12O6 KH2PO4 ME VM RN from day 2 to day 5 ()
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 17.8 18.6 63.7 61.6 89.4 92.9 49.7 42.9
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??????????????????????? ?????????????
?????????????
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???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
?? ????????????????
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???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
??????????
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Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON)
????????????????????????
??????????? DON ??? ?????
???????????????????
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??????????????? DON ?
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??????????????
?????? 1 ???????? ?????????????????????
????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
????
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???????? ???????? Fe2
????????????????????????
????????????? EDTA
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????????????? ????? 1 ??? ????????????????????
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????? 10
???????? ????
91
82
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73
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11-1
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?????????? ????????????????????
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??????????????????? 2 ???
?? 60 ??. ?????? 40 ??. ????????? 1 ??.
??????? 1 ??? ??????????????????????? 7-10 ???
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???????? 2-5 ?? ?????? 30-50 ??. ????????????????
????? ?????
??????????? ??????????????? 1-2 ???????? ???????
6 ??????? ?????????????? 1 ????
??????????????????????????? 20-50 ??./???
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???????????????????????
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???????????
?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
? ???????????? ????????????????????????? ????????
???????????????
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Floc
Enhance the CO2
Decrease O2
?????????? pH 7.8
Ca(OH)2 CO2 Ca2 HCO3-
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????
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Floc
Enhance zooplankton
Decrease O2
???? ?????? ???? ?????????? 1 ??./??? -
?????????????????????????????
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Floc
Sediment
Increase H2S
????????????? ????????????????????????????
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Thank you for your attention
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????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????
??????? ???????????????????????
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Development
Destroy