Emerging Technology Revolutionizing Aircraft Safety, Security, Reliability

1
"Emerging Technology Revolutionizing Aircraft
Safety, Security, Reliability Cost Reduction
/The New Paradigm "
Sy and Leslie Jae Lenell Levine
web page www.safelander.com
email sylevine1_at_sbcglobal.net
2

• EMERGING TECHNOLOGY MAKES IT
• VIABLE AND DESIREABLE TO UTILIZE
• ONE ONBOARD PILOT
• AND A
• REMOTELY LOCATED COPILOT
• FOR
• ? SAFETY
• ? SECURITY
• ? RELIABILITY
• ? COST REDUCTION

3
"Emerging Technology Revolutionizing Aircraft
Safety, Security, Reliability Cost Reduction "

• Reduce piloting costs by permitting a single
  onboard pilot and a remote copilot (that can
  safely provide the backup control for a plurality
  of aircraft).
• A single remote-pilot can concurrently provide
  the backup for and safely fly a plurality of
  airplanes using well known aircraft
  spacing/separation.
• Utilizes highly-qualified remote-pilot to safely
  fly an aircraft in congested air space, via
  ciphered radio telemetry to the aircraft and air
  traffic controllers.
• Permits the remote-pilot/copilot to
  control/fly/land an operational aircraft just as
  if he/she were the onboard pilot.
• Reduce 9/11, Helios (FLT. 522-2005,121
  fatality,B-737)/Payne Stewart(1999,Lear Jet, 5
  fatality) Decompression crashes, etc.
• When a plane substantially deviates from its
  approved flight plans, it is presently possible
  to have a remote-pilot/copilot located in a
  secure, high-fidelity, virtual-reality aircraft
  simulator fly the plane to a safe landing at a
  sparsely populated airfield. The cost reduction
  by eliminating a 9/11 type crash would more than
  pay for the entire system and its operation for
  ten years.
• Planes that deviate onto potentially fatal
  runways can be stopped.

4
"Emerging Technology Revolutionizing Aircraft
Safety, Security, Reliability Cost Reduction "

• Reduce costly runway expansion programs.
• Provides enhanced tarmac visibility and situation
  awareness aboard the aircraft and to the traffic
  controllers.
• Unifies and simplifies air traffic control and
  pilot displays and makes them more comprehensive.
• Eliminates the present half cup full system where
  neither the controllers or the pilots have
  shared the necessary information to prevent
  crashes.
• Reduces delays and permits higher traffic density
  on existing runways.
• Enhances tarmac safety.
• Reduce aircraft operating costs.
• Decreases fuel utilization.
• Increases aircraft payload (reduced weight).
• Decreases avionics maintenance (less avionics
  and mechanical interfaces).

5

"Emerging Technology Revolutionizing Aircraft
Safety, Security, Reliability Cost Reduction "

• Reduce the costs and problems associated with the
  recovery and utilization of onboard flight data
  via real-time telemetry of the digital flight
  data.
• Digital flight data is safely stored, in
  real-time on the ground computers memory for
  post flight analysis.
• Digital Flight Data recorder aboard the aircraft
  can provide data redundancy.
• Permits Recorders to be used for automatic
  checkout of the aircraft prior to takeoff during
  a flight, and post flight.
• Gets safety personnel quickly to a crash site for
  possible triage and the saving of lives.
• Reduces the anguish of crash victims families.
• Reduce FOQA costs and its latency period
• All data is automatically telemetered to the
  ground in real-time for processing and
  distribution. Provides the necessary real-time
  digital-data to open the door to knowledge based
  4-dimenstional trajectory Air Traffic Management
  (ATM), aeronautics and navigation.
• Minimizes scheduled engine maintenance by
  real-time tracking of engine utilization.
• Reduce insurance costs by making the plane and
  airports safer and securer.

6
"Emerging Technology Revolutionizing Aircraft
Safety, Security, Reliability Cost Reduction "

• Has many advantages over the current day
  onboard-only dual pilots approach, since the
  remote-pilot/copilot isnt subject to loss of
  oxygen/decompression, extreme G forces,
  temperature, smoke, passenger disturbances and
  terrorists.
• The ground-based cockpit virtual-reality
  simulator minimizes problems associated with
  pilot disorientation, poor visibility, weather,
  runway selection and ground incursions, which
  have resulted in numerous fatal accidents.
• From a safety standpoint, the remote-pilot/copilot
  can communicate directly with flight operations,
  emergency and security personnel, ATC/ATM as well
  as with the aircraft manufacturers
  design/engineering experts on how best to handle
  an aircraft operation problem thereby preventing
  the loss of life.
• Utilizes present state-of-the-art communication
  security, communication technology, and data
  storage to make flying safer, securer and more
  economical.
• Provides a safety and security technology bridge
  to the future use of unmanned cargo aircraft
  (UCA).

7
FIGURE 1. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OVERVIEW
AIRCRAFT THAT CAN BE REMOTELY CONTROLLED
GLOBAL SATELLITE TWO WAY CIPHERED DIGITAL DATA
COMMUNICATION LINK
REMOTE COPILOT IN A SECURE AIRCRAFT SIMULATOR
(VIRTUAL REALITY COCKPIT)
SIMULATOR PROCESSOR
ATC/M, WEATHER, MAP, TERRAIN SECURITY DATA
TWO WAY SECURE GROUND CIPHERED DIGITAL DATA LINK
8
FIGURE 2. AVIONICS SYSTEM

GPS/GLONASS Navigation Satellite
Global Satellite Two-Way Secure Ciphered Digital
Data Communication Link
GPS/GLONASS Receiver
Advisory System
Performance and Control Sensor Data
Aircraft That Can Be Remotely Piloted
Acoustic Data
Sensor Multiplexer Transceiver
Video Data
Remote Pilot Electronic Interface (FCU, ILS,
AUTOPILOT INTERFACES)
9
FIGURE 3. TWO-WAY CIPHERED DIGITAL DATA
VOICE COMMUNICATION LINK
Central Ground-Based Processing Station

10
TABLE 1.BASIC DATA STORAGE AND RATES25
MEGA-BAUD AND STORAGE 100 GIGA-BYTE/DAY
COM. SATELLITE CAPABILITY/ YEAR 2008 2006 2004 2000
NUMBER FLTS/DAY (GROWTH 2.5/YR.) 38,896 37,944 35,280 33,600
AVERAGE FLIGHT TIME IN MINUTES 95 95 95 95
DFDR DATA RATE IN WORDS/SEC/AIRCRAFT 128 128 128 64
DFDR DATA WORD LENGTH IN BITS 12 12 12 12
DFDR DATA RATE (BITS/SEC/AIRCRAFT) 1,536 1,536 1,536 768
TOTAL DATA RATE FOR ALL OPERATIONAL AIRCRAFT (NOTE LESS THAN 8000 AIRCRAFT IN OPERATION SKY OR TARMACK) IN MEGA-BAUD 12.288 12.288 12.288 12.288
USING 2X (SHANNON) MULTIPLICATION YIELDS THE TOTAL DATA RATE IN MEGA-BAUD 25 25 25 25
DAILY STORAGE FOR ALL AIRCRAFT EASILY FITS ON A SINGLE PC DISC. IN GIGA-BYTES 100 100 100 100
11
FIGURE 4. CENTRAL GROUND-BASED PROCESSING
STATION (CGBS)
Aircraft Warnings and Cautions
Antenna Control RF and UHF Interface (Cipher,
Anti-Jam Anti-spoof Controller)
Aircraft Simulation
DISPLAY CONTROL
Processor
Data Storage
GROUND BASED
ENHANCED SAFE AND SECURE BLACK BOXDATA
Air Carriers and Aircraft Manufacturers
Communication Module
ATC Module
REMOTE PILOT SECURE AIRCRAFT SIMULATOR
12
FIGURE 5.GROUND-BASED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Processor
Air Carriers and Aircraft Manufacturers
Communication Module
ATC/M Module
1
1
N
En - route ATC/M
N
TRACON ATC/M
1
MapDatabase
TopographicDatabase
N
Air Carrier and Aircraft Manufacturer Facility
Air Carrier Aircraft Manufacturer Facility
WeatherDatabase
Emergency Maintenance Warnings/ Cautions
SAFELANDER (REMOTE PILOT CAPABILITY) SECURE
AIRCRAFT SIMULATOR
Simulations
13
FIGURE 6. GENERIC REPRSENTATION OF THE 583
FATALITY TENERIFE CRASH OTHERS
TRANSLATOR DOWN UP LANDING
GEAR --
LANDING GEAR DOWN- BRAKE ON
Note The 583 fatality Tenerife crash was head
on. This pictorial is a generic representation
and shows aircraft orthogonal on the runway.
COLOR CODE
TRANSLATOR AIRCRAFT GREEN
RED BLUE FUSELAGE PLANE
MOVING STOPPED ------- ENGINE
HIGH THRUST OFF
LOW BRAKE ------
ON -------
PROJECTION
COLLISION TRAJECTORY
ESTIMATED COLLISION POINT
SAFELANDER PROVIDES AUTOMATED COLLISION AVOIDANCE
ALERTS ATC/M CAS ENHANCED CAPABILITY DISPLAY
14
FIGURE 7. TENERIFE, ET AL., NO MORE
TRANSLATOR DOWN
UP LANDING GEAR
-- LANDING GEAR DOWN- BRAKE ON
Note The 583 fatality Tenerife crash was head
on. This pictorial is a generic representation
and shows aircraft orthogonal on the runway.
PROJECTION SAFE TRAJECTORY
COLOR CODE
TRANSLATOR AIRCRAFT GREEN
RED BLUE FUSELAGE PLANE
MOVING STOPPED ------- ENGINE
HIGH THRUST OFF
LOW BRAKE ------ ON
-------
SAFELANDER PROVIDES A SAFE TRAJECTORY DISPLAY
ATC/M CAS ENHANCED CAPABILITY
15
FIGURE 8. FATAL TARMAC CRASHES ARE SIMPLY
UNNECESSARY AND ARE PREVENTABE
A FATAL CRASH IN THE GROUND INCURSION FAMILY
IS THE 79 FATALITY 10/31/00 SINGAPORE AIRLINES
FLIGHT 006
CLEARED FOR RUNWAY 05L
FATAL RUNWAY 05R TAKEN
The 21st Century Aviation System controller and
the pilot would have full visibility display of
the plane going onto the wrong hazardous runway
way long before the fatal accident occurred. The
controller would then provide manual and
automatic alerts to the pilot of the problem.
These alerts would have probably prevented the
needless loss of lives. If these alerts to the
pilot failed, the controller would shut the plane
down to prevent the fatal accident.
The system, not the pilots error, killed these
passengers. We have allowed ignorance and a
dark age autopsy mode to solely exist.
Most errors or problems need not result in fatal
accidents.
16
FIGURE 8-A. Comair Flight 5191 Fatal Crash On
Aug. 27, 2006 Killing 49
People (First Officer James Polehinke Was The
Sole Survivor)
Flt 5191 should have gone down the 7003 foot
Runway 22
SAFELANDER would have prevented this crash by
displaying to the pilot in real-time the safe
trajectory
Flt 5191 erroneously went down the 3500 foot
Runway 26
This is a recurring tarmac crash that was readily
preventable. It was due to a fatal flaw in the
traffic control shared information system and not
pilot error.
17
FIGURE 9. SAFELANDER CAS DISPLAY

• PROJECTED COLLISION TRAJECTORY BASED ON AIRCRAFT
  TRACK
• VECTORS
• VELOCITIES ( Vn,Ve, Vh)
• PRESENT POSITIONS
• PROJECTED POSITIONS

NOTE ONE LANDING GEAR IS DOWN
FLASHING PROBLEM ICONS
LANDING GEAR

15 MINUTES OF FUEL REMAINING
PROJECTION
TRAJECTORIES
TRANSLATOR DOWN UP LANDING GEAR
--
SAFE
COLLISION
ESTIMATED COLLISION POINT
18
FIGURE 10. SAFELANDER PROVIDES AN AIRCRAFT
DATA SUPERHIGHWAY (SIMILAR TO THE INTERNET)THAT
RESPECTS AN AIR CARRIERS PRIVILEGED DATA
LEO DATA LINK SAT
GPS SAT
AC1/P1
AC2/P1
AC AIR CARRIER (1,2,...) P PLANE
(1,2,...)
PRIVILEGED AIR CARRIER CIPHERED DATA
ATC/M CAS DATA
ONLY AC1 DATA
ONLY AC2 DATA
CGBS
P1 P2
P1 P2
C D
A B
A,B,C,D,... DATA
19
FIGURE 11. CHRONOLOGY OF SATELLITE PER FLIGHT
COMMUNICATION COSTS
20
TABLE 2. WORLDWIDE AIR CARRIER FATALITIES AND
FATAL ACCIDENTS


THE YEARS 1987 THROUGH 1996 (NOTE DOESNT
INCLUDE 3000 DEATHS IN 9/11/2001)
21
Average 4.02 Median 1.89
Average 1.73 Median 1.89
22
WITHOUT SAFELANDER IT WILL RECUR
23
WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE
SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY
24
WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE
SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY
25
WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE
SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY
26
WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE
SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY
27
WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE
SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY
28
WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE
SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY
29
WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE
SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY
30
WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE
SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY
31
WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE
SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY
32
Table 3. Back-up Material 9/11/2001

• Notice that the departure and crash times would
  have permitted a single remote pilot in a
  ground-based simulator to take real-time control
  of each aircraft and sequentially land them at
  sparsely populated landing sites
• On September 11, 2001 the following occurred
• AIRCRAFT_
  CAR. FLT
  DEPARTURE
  CRASH SITE FATALITIES
• BOEING 767 AAL
  11 759 AM
  846 AM WTC
  92 BOEING 767
  UAL 175
  758 AM 903 AM WTC
  65
• BOEING 757 AAL
  77 810 AM
  943 AM PENTAGON 64
  BOEING 757 UAL
  93 844 AM
  1010 AM PA. 44
• A total of 265 died aboard aircraft and about
  2700 died on the ground.
• The cost of the disaster was estimated at over 10
  billion dollars which is more than five times the
  estimated 2 billion dollars required to make
  SAFELANDER operational.

33
RAFT sends the digital flight data and cockpit
voice information to the ground in real-time for
safe storage, timely retrieval to enhance safety,
security, reliability and cost reduction
applications (Eliminates TheAir France, Airbus
A330, Flight 447, Category Recorder Problems)

GPS/GLONASS Navigation Satellite
Global Satellite Two-Way Secure Ciphered Digital
Data Communication Link
GPS/GLONASS Receiver
Advisory System
Performance and Control Sensor Data
Acoustic Data
Sensor Multiplexer Transceiver
Video Data
Aircrafts Flight Data Safely Stored On Ground
Aircraft Black Boxes Only For Redundancy
34
SAFELANDER PREVENTS 9/11 RECURRENCE Without It We
Depend On Luck

• On October 21, 2009 Northwest, Airbus A320,
  Flight 188, flew past its destination with no FAA
  communication for an hour and 18 minutes.
• In all that time no fighter plane took off to
  intercept Flight 188. This period is longer than
  either AAL Flight 11 or UAL Flight 175 needed to
  take-off and crash into the World Trade Center on
  9/11/2001.

35
In Conclusion "Emerging Technology
Revolutionizing Aircraft Safety, Security,
Reliability Cost Reduction "
Increases

• aircraft payload and fuel economy by reducing
  aircraft weight and avionics
• homeland security of the public and its edifices
  
• prevents the recurrence of 9/11 type disasters
• prevents unauthorized aircraft from flying into
  restricted airspace
• airport efficiency, utilization and automation by
  automatically providing all of the data necessary
  for enhanced safe visibility
• through-put (the number of daily takeoffs and
  landings an airport can safely accommodate)
• prevents ground incursions.

36
In Conclusion "Emerging Technology
Revolutionizing Aircraft Safety, Security,
Reliability Cost Reduction "
Increases (Continued)

• situation awareness to the pilot/s and
  controllers using simple unified real-time
  displays that show all of the necessary data
  required for aircraft safety
• ADS-B utility and economical justification
• the real-time digital-data required for safe and
  secure 4-dimensional ATC/M and free-flight
• safety of flight
• prevents decompression disasters and pilot error
  crashes
• allows for the use of simulations and expert
  systems to prevent aircraft problems from turning
  into fatal crashes

37
In Conclusion "Emerging Technology
Revolutionizing Aircraft Safety, Security,
Reliability Cost Reduction "
Decreases

• the cost of flying
• the need for expensive runway expansion programs
• aircraft crashes
• hijacking
• the number of aircraft that fly unauthorized into
  restricted airspace
• aircraft weight
• piloting and maintenance personnel costs
• aircraft avionics costs
• aircraft purchase costs
• insurance costs
• the need to recover flight data recorders

38
In Conclusion "Emerging Technology
Revolutionizing Aircraft Safety, Security,
Reliability Cost Reduction "
Decreases (Continued)

• the time and money spent on flight recorder
  recovery and recorder maintenance (sometimes the
  recorder isnt recovered or has problems in the
  data it is supposed to record)
• the time to get to a crash site for possible
  triage and the saving of lives
• FOQA costs and its latency period
• all data is automatically telemetered to the
  ground in real-time for processing and
  distribution
• the number of and ambiguity of avionics and ATC/M
  displays
• position, heading, attitude, breaking status,
  engine status, landing gear status, fuel
  remaining, etc. are now available clearly
  displayed
• voice communication bandwidth and the speech
  comprehension ambiguities that have led to
  crashes
• provides a good portion of the safety related
  data automatically in usable display and alert
  forms

39
In Conclusion "Emerging Technology
Revolutionizing Aircraft Safety, Security,
Reliability Cost Reduction "
Decreases (Continued)

• costly runway expansion programs by providing
  enhanced tarmac visibility
• flight delays by safely decreasing aircraft
  separation
• aircraft fuel cost per pound of payload by
  eliminating items unrelated to payload
• the maintenance costs for aircraft avionics and
  mechanical systems by having less of them
• aircraft purchase costs by eliminating items
  unrelated to payload and
• insurance costs and liability claims.

40
Some References URLs

• Safelander
• http//www.safelander.com
• The Remote Aircraft Flight Recorder and Advisory
  Telemetry System, RAFT (Patented), And It's
  Ability to Reduce fatal Air Accidents By 78
  While Enhancing Air Space Capacity, Operational
  Efficiency and Aircraft Security
• http//www.ntsb.gov/events/symp_rec/proceedings/au
  thors/levine.pdft
• New Statistics Show Need To Improve Air Safety
  Record
• http//www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0UBT/is
  _47_13/ai_57788793
• US PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE (PATENT NUMBER
  SEARCH)
• http//patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm
• Safelander
  
  7,099,752 Lenell Levine August 29,
  2006
• Remote, aircraft, global, paperless maintenance
  system 5,974,349 Levine
  October 26, 1999
• Remote aircraft flight recorder and advisory
  system 5,890,079 Levine
  March 30, 1999
• AIEE/IEEE/SAE Digital Avionics Conference
  (DASC) Nov. 1998 The Remote Flight Recorder
  
• htpp//www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/5955/15955/007
  39808.pdf?arnumber739808
• AIEE/IEEE/SAE Digital Avionics Conference
  (DASC) Oct. 2007 An Onboard Pilot Remote
  
• htpp//www.ieeexplore.ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs
  _all.jsp?arnumber4391923
• Advanced Aerospace Manufacturing Conference April
  23-24, 2009
• Emerging Technology Enhances Aviation Safety,
  Security While Providing Cost Reduction
• NOTE Both DASC papers won the best session
  paper awards.

41
Thanks to commercial aircraft I got over my
fear of flying.
Lucky Flight 777 Check In
Although you know that its still twice as safe
to be an astronaut
42
"Emerging Technology Revolutionizing Aircraft
Safety, Security, Reliability Cost Reduction
/The New Paradigm "

• CONCLUDING REMARKS
• QUESTIONS AND OPEN DISCUSSION OF THE ISSUES
  PRESENTATION