AYUBOWAN

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AYUBOWAN
May all living-beings live long
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Why Post Graduate studies/Research ?

• For personnel ego
• as a source of income till permanent employment
  (esp research projects)
• As a ticket for the future.- Career Enhancement

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PG/R. must be done to ensure that..

• I feel special because they speak to me in my
  language.

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This depends very much on whether the present
PG/research you are involved in is

• - your own conceived problem/ hypothesis
• - is that of the supervisor

Your commitment will depend on this fact and it
will also open to the real need in pg/research
dialogue with supervisor.
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• PG/Research seeks new information
• PG/Research confirm existing information
• Information fuel change
• PG/Research through a scientific method seeks
  reliable knowledge

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Link between Development and Environment
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GENERAL WELL-BEING OF PEOPLE
DEVELOPMENT Economic, social Environment
achieves
IMPACT ON ENVIO QUALITY Air, water
HUMAN HEALTH
affects
ENVIO DAMAGE Soil degradation, scarcity of
water Depletion of ecosystems Loss of NR
PRODUCTIVITY
affects
UNPLEASANT ENVIO Pollution- air,
water Waste Destruction of NR Sanitation
PLEASANT / DESIRABLE LIVING
affects
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Hunter Gatherer
INSECURITY, and UNCERTAINITY OF THE FUTURE
Agricultural practice
Present society
SECURITY and CERTAINITY
?
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NATURAL
BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
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ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL
THEORITICAL
STRUCTURED
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NATURAL
BUILT
THEORITICAL
ENVIRONMENT
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ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL
THEORITICAL
STRUCTURED
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NATURAL
BUILT
THEORITICAL
ENVIRONMENT
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ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL
STRUCTURED
THEORITICAL
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Past development caused the three elements of the
environment NATURE, BUILT and THEORIES to move
apart
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Changes in environmental indicators, 1750 - 2000
Atmos CO2 conc
Atmos CH4 conc
Atmos N2O conc
Climate disasters
Av surface temp (NH)
Atmos ozone loss
Coastal shrimp farms
Fully exploited fisheries
Coastal N2 flux
Global biodiversity
Domesticated land
Loss of trop forest, woodland
From Steffen et al. In press 2004
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1972 June 3-5
UN Conference on Human Environment held in
Stockholm. The conference is rooted in the
regional pollution and acid rain problems of
northern Europe. The conference leads to
establishing many national environmental
protection agencies and the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP). http//www.unep.org
/
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It also recognized

• POVERTY as the cause for ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

SOLUTION undertake DEVELOPMENT
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1982
ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT Nairobi Environment
Conference
The United Nations World Charter for Nature
published. It adopts the principle that every
form of life is unique and should be respected
regardless of its value to humankind.
http//sedac.ciesin.org/pidb/texts/ world.charter.
for.nature.1982.html
Brundlandt Commission appointed on Environment
and Development
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1987
Our Common Future Brundtland Report Report of
the World Commission on Environment and
Development weaves together social, economic,
cultural and environmental issues and global
solutions. Chaired by Norwegian Prime Minister
Gro Harlem Brundtland. Popularizes term
sustainable development.
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1992
Earth Summit. UN Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro,
under the leadership of Maurice Strong.
Agreements reached on Agenda 21, the Convention
on Biological Diversity, the Framework Convention
on Climate Change, the Rio Declaration, and
non-binding Forest Principles. Concurrent NGO
Global Forum publishes alternative treaties.
http//www.unep.org/unep/partners/un/unced/home.ht
m
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• Development that meets the needs of the present
  ,without compromising the ability of future
  generations to meet their own needs.

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Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2000
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2002
World Summit on Sustainable Development held in
Johannesburg, South Africa. World governments,
concerned citizens, UN agencies, multilateral
financial institutions, and other major groups
participate and assess global change since the
United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) in 1992. http//www.johannesbu
rgsummit.org/
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SOLUTION

• 1972
• POVERTY the cause for ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION the cause for
POVERTY 2002
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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The challenge of sustainable development arises
from these two major converging trends.
All these reflect the following trends.
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• Problems cannot be solved within the mindset that
  created them.
• Albert Einstein

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Ecology
Sociology
Economics
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When will the REAL environmental commitment come ?

• 72 77 82 87 92 97 02 07 12
• 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
• 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
• 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
• 1987 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
• 1992 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
• 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
• 2002 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
• 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
• 2012 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

Seat of Power and Decision making
1974 formal EE in schools
1981 En Sc in Uni (Colombo)
1986 Env. Mgmt in SLIDA
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• In the next few years, we will face two major
  economic challenges. One, will be to ensure that
  the growing economic prosperity and the benefits
  of recent developments will filter down to all
  our people. Second, will be to lay the foundation
  for long term sustainable development. (page 9)

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Mihinda Chinthanaya Vision for the future

• It is evident that Sri Lanka cannot sustain its
  development efforts due to the lack of resources
  and environmental pollution. Consequently the
  Haritha Lanka programme will be launched from
  2010-2020, under my leadership, with the
  objective of creating a base for sustainable
  development. (page 65)

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HARITHA LANKA
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To forge a relationship with nature that would
ensure sustainbility in all its activities aimed
at improving the quality of life
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Haritha Lanka - Strategies

• 10 Strategies identified
• Incorporate sustainable development aspects in
  the curricular of Universities

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(Theruvan Saranai)

• Professor. Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama
• Professor of Environmental Science
• University of Colombo