Earthquakes Characteristics and Spatial Extent IB Geography

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EarthquakesCharacteristics and Spatial ExtentIB
Geography

• Focus on Their spatial extent, predictability,
  frequency, magnitude, duration, speed of onset
  and effects.

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Global Tectonic Plate Map
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• Describe the global distribution of earthquakes
  that have occurred in the last 7 days? You could
  get an exam question like this based upon a given
  map!

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Mag 5 since 1980-1990

• Look at the global distribution of earthquakes
  with a magnitude 5 or
• greater that have occurred between 1980-90. Is
  there any difference between the
• observed distribution and the distribution of
  earthquakes that have occurred in
• the last 7 days?

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Task 2

• The following are elements of an earthquake
  hazard
• Time of earthquake
• Date of earthquake
• Exact location of epicentre
• Fault upon which the quake occurs
• The magnitude of the earthquake
• The economic impact of the earthquake
• The death toll of the earthquake
• For each of the elements explain how predictable
  it is.

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Task 3

• Read the BBC article and highlight the following
  in different colours
• Locations
• Dates
• Numbers/Values
• Any prediction
• Any basis upon which a prediction is made
• Any issues with earthquake prediction

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• Something to think about ... earthquake frequency
  
• Are earthquakes becoming more common? Are there
  any patterns in the two illustration above?

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Average Frequency

Magnitude Average Annually
8 and higher 1 ¹
7 - 7.9 17 ²
6 - 6.9 134 ²
5 - 5.9 1319 ²
4 - 4.9 13,000(estimated)
3 - 3.9 130,000(estimated)
2 - 2.9 1,300,000(estimated)
¹ Based on observations since 1900. ² Based on observations since 1990. ¹ Based on observations since 1900. ² Based on observations since 1990. ¹ Based on observations since 1900. ² Based on observations since 1990.
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Essay Question

• Essay Question (10)
• Evaluate the statement
• "There were more deaths from earthquakes in the
  last decade than the one before so earthquakes
  are becoming more common."

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Magnitude

• Produce notes on the following three scales of
  magnitude used to measure earthquakes Richter
  Scale, Moment Magnitude Scale and the Modified
  Mercalli Scale.

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Alaska 1964 9.2
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Asia 20049.3
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Chile 1960 9.5
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Power of resultant tsunami
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