Group 4: WEFCOM

1
Group 4 WEFCOM KKFCOMLocation Roberto

• Facilitators
• 1. Dr. William Schaedla
• 2. Mr. Cayetano Casado
• 3. Mr. Ratthapon Pitakthepsombat

• 1. Dr. Sompad Srikosamatara
• 2. Dr. Chution Savini
• 3. Ms. Kumiko Nakazono
• 4. Dr. Robert Steinmetz
• 5. Mr. Udom Likhitwonnawut
• 6. Mr. Vichien Kerdsuk
• 7. Mr.Yongyut Trisurat
• 8. Ms. Somying Soontornwong
• 9. Mr. Tanachai Erawan
• 10. Ms. Kantinan Peawsa
• 11. Dr. Rungnapar Pattanavibool

2
Western Forest Complex-BCI-Kaeng Krachan Complex
3
Session 1A Biodiversity values Habitats

• Largest intact mixed deciduous dipterocarp forest
  (2)
• Cross-roads for 4 biogeographic zones (1)
• Malayan/Sundaic
• Himalayan
• Indo-Burmese
• Indo-Chinese
• Karst Habitat (caves, local springs) (3)
• Peat swamp

4
S 1A- Biod Values Species

• For WEFCOM BCI and KKFC
• Tiger (1)
• Elephant
• Wild Water Buffalo
• Bantaeng Gaur
• Tapir
• Rufousneck Hornbill
• Many new plant species discovered
• Soft Shell turtles
• For WEFCOM
• More than 490 bird species
• Cave Endemism (Fish, bats, arthropods)
• Sympatric species (Intact Mammal assemblage) (2)
• For KKFC
• More than 600 bird species
• Siamese Crocodile (3)
• Sympatric species (Intact Mammal assemblage) (2)

5
S 1A- Biod values Ecosystem services

• Intact watersheds (a fifth of thai watersheds)
  (WEFCOM and KKFC) (1)
• Irrigation
• Bats (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• Pest control
• Pollination
• Economic/Recreational/Tourism (3)
• Local (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• International (WEFCOME-KKFC)
• Cultural/Religion (BCI)
• Livelihood/Agroforestry/NTFP (BCI)
• Cultural diversity/Preservation of endangered
  cultures (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• Carbon Sequestration (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) (2)
• Pollination (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• Seed dispersal (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• Genetic bank (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)

6
Session 1B- Non-climate changes

• Economic corridor
• Increased roads and other infrastructure
• Affects specially WEFCOM
• Uncertain support post-ADB
• Lack of conservation awareness influences policy
• Especially local level
• Road Infrastructure
• North south (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• East West (BCI WEFCOM)
• Still in planning stage
• If come true many impacts associated to them
  (land conversion etc)

7
Session 1B- Non-climate changes

• Hydropower plans (existing and panned)
• Gas pipes (existing and planned)
• Land conversion associated to agriculture
• Biofuel (oil palm, sugar, corn)
• Cash Crops (corn, sugar cane, pineapple)
• Commercial plantations (rubber, teak)
• Subsistence not so problematic
• Affects all 3 areas but specially BCI
• Land conversion associated to mining
• Illegal and Legal

8
Session 1B- Non-climate changes

• Land conversion associated to recreational
  development and tourism sprawl
• Resorts (BCI)
• Golf courses (BCI)
• River related (rafts) (WEFCOM KKFC)
• 4-wheeling (WEFCOM KKFC)
• Migration
• Burmese migrants pass through the area
• Domestic migrants move to the area
• Forced Settlement
• Refugee camps

9
Session 1B- Non-climate changes

• Carrying Capacity
• Uncontrolled increase in the number of visitors
• Management capacity
• Management policies
• Waster management
• Lack of parity between park management and
  poachers
• Poachers have more resources
• Limited resources at park disposal
• Lack of integrated planning and practice (3
  areas)
• Water over-extraction and pollution
• Agriculture

10
Session 1B- Non-climate changes

• Transboundary Issues
• Commercial Poaching
• Trafficking (timber and wildlife)
• Domestic cattle moves across borders
• Elephant smuggling
• Elephant trapping
• Fires
• Chemical Effects
• Insects
• Plants
• Vertebrates
• Human wildlife conflict
• Elephant
• Tigers

11
Session 2 Bio indicators of climate change

• Forest complexity
• Relative composition (due to changes in tree
  cycles)
• Timing of masting/seed
• Dipterocarp/Teak
• These events are essential but not easy to follow
  as they are 1-off events
• Farmer change practices and dates ()
• Local people unable to synch their agricultural
  practices (i.e. field preparation
• Already happened to Karen
• Human-wildlife conflict frequency
• Human migration
• Increase in number of pest and disease outbreaks
• Desertification

12
Session 2 Bio indicators of climate change

• Water limitation
• Large animals that require watering holes unable
  to live there ()
• Elephants
• Other species that need water
• Insects (Cicaida) careful as their presence may
  vary due to other factors
• Fruit eating birds change foraging sites
• Bees
• Placements of the hives (in western Thailand,
  some trees host most of the hives) ()
• As orchids and briophites (very sensitive to
  water) change position bees will too.
• Extent of fire penetration and recurrence
• Pandan distribution

13
Session 1A Biodiversity values Habitats

• Largest intact mixed deciduous dipterocarp forest
  (2)
• Cross-roads for 4 biogeographic zones (1)
• Malayan/Sundaic
• Himalayan
• Indo-Burmese
• Indo-Chinese
• Karst Habitat (caves, local springs) (3)
• Peat swamp

14
S 1A- Biod Values Species

• For WEFCOM BCI and KKFC
• Tiger (1)
• Elephant
• Wild Water Buffalo
• Bantaeng Gaur
• Tapir
• Rufousneck Hornbill
• Many new plant species discovered
• Soft Shell turtles
• For WEFCOM
• More than 490 bird species
• Cave Endemism (Fish, bats, arthropods)
• Sympatric species (Intact Mammal assemblage) (2)
• For KKFC
• More than 600 bird species
• Siamese Crocodile (3)
• Sympatric species (Intact Mammal assemblage) (2)

15
S 1A- Biod values Ecosystem services

• Intact watersheds (a fifth of thai watersheds)
  (WEFCOM and KKFC) (1)
• Irrigation
• Bats (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• Pest control
• Pollination
• Economic/Recreational/Tourism (3)
• Local (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• International (WEFCOME-KKFC)
• Cultural/Religion (BCI)
• Livelihood/Agroforestry/NTFP (BCI)
• Cultural diversity/Preservation of endangered
  cultures (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• Carbon Sequestration (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) (2)
• Pollination (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• Seed dispersal (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• Genetic bank (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)

16
Session 1B- Non-climate changes

• Economic corridor
• Increased roads and other infrastructure
• Affects specially WEFCOM
• Uncertain support post-ADB
• Lack of conservation awareness influences policy
• Especially local level
• Road Infrastructure
• North south (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)
• East West (BCI WEFCOM)
• Still in planning stage
• If come true many impacts associated to them
  (land conversion etc)

17
Session 1B- Non-climate changes

• Hydropower plans (existing and panned)
• Gas pipes (existing and planned)
• Land conversion associated to agriculture
• Biofuel (oil palm, sugar, corn)
• Cash Crops (corn, sugar cane, pineapple)
• Commercial plantations (rubber, teak)
• Subsistence not so problematic
• Affects all 3 areas but specially BCI
• Land conversion associated to mining
• Illegal and Legal

18
Session 1B- Non-climate changes

• Land conversion associated to recreational
  development and tourism sprawl
• Resorts (BCI)
• Golf courses (BCI)
• River related (rafts) (WEFCOM KKFC)
• 4-wheeling (WEFCOM KKFC)
• Migration
• Burmese migrants pass through the area
• Domestic migrants move to the area
• Forced Settlement
• Refugee camps

19
Session 1B- Non-climate changes

• Carrying Capacity
• Uncontrolled increase in the number of visitors
• Management capacity
• Management policies
• Waster management
• Lack of parity between park management and
  poachers
• Poachers have more resources
• Limited resources at park disposal
• Lack of integrated planning and practice (3
  areas)
• Water over-extraction and pollution
• Agriculture

20
Session 1B- Non-climate changes

• Transboundary Issues
• Commercial Poaching
• Trafficking (timber and wildlife)
• Domestic cattle moves across borders
• Elephant smuggling
• Elephant trapping
• Fires
• Chemical Effects
• Insects
• Plants
• Vertebrates
• Human wildlife conflict
• Elephant
• Tigers

21
Session 2 Bio indicators of climate change

• Forest complexity
• Relative composition (due to changes in tree
  cycles)
• Timing of masting/seed
• Dipterocarp/Teak
• These events are essential but not easy to follow
  as they are 1-off events
• Farmer change practices and dates ()
• Local people unable to synch their agricultural
  practices (i.e. field preparation
• Already happened to Karen
• Human-wildlife conflict frequency
• Human migration
• Increase in number of pest and disease outbreaks
• Desertification

22
Session 2 Bio indicators of climate change

• Water limitation
• Large animals that require watering holes unable
  to live there ()
• Elephants
• Other species that need water
• Insects (Cicaida) careful as their presence may
  vary due to other factors
• Fruit eating birds change foraging sites
• Bees
• Placements of the hives (in western Thailand,
  some trees host most of the hives) ()
• As orchids and briophites (very sensitive to
  water) change position bees will too.
• Extent of fire penetration and recurrence
• Pandan distribution

23
Adaptation Options

• Compile existing local information
• Identify adaptation best practices
• Local people collect info
• Simple method
• Collection incorporated into routine activities
• Feed information into national database for
  analysis
• After analysis feedback to the local people
• Find mechanisms for exchanging information
• Practical (Further than talking)
• Develop/Implement models for climate change
• Identify communities and areas likely to be more
  affected
• Identify key animal and plant species for climate
  change monitoring

24
Adaptation Options

• Identify existing development plans
• Link data into national planning
• Identify successful models under implementation
• Assemble strong national committee
• Identify champions
• Needs to link down to the ground
• Subcommittees / working groups
• Planning needs to link regional, national and
  local dimensions
• Multi-stakeholder representation needed
• Local people (including ethnic minorities)
• Local administration bodies
• Conservation authorities
• Military

25
Needed Knowledge holders (not present here)

• CSTAR
• BRT (Biodiversity Reaearch Training)
• IKAP (Indigenous Knowledge)
• IMPECT (Intermountain people education culture
  thai)
• ONEP (Office of Natural resources and
  environmental planning)
• CJF (Climate justice forum, Thailand)
• Sueb Foudnation
• Terra
• Community Forest Assembly
• KMUTT
• OXFAM
• CODI (Community organization development
  institute)
• TEI (Thailand environment institute
• Western Forest conservation group
• Mahidol Univ Kanchanaburi
• Local Schools
• Kanchanaburi conservation group