By Andrew Gliga Cs 147

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By Andrew GligaCs 147
Embedded Systems
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What are Embedded Systems?

• Similar to real computers
• They have CPU, memory, I/O
• Though they have limited tasks
• Can only do specific things that they are
  designed for
• No specific definition for Embedded Systems, some
  systems have one task, others have hundreds. Some
  have GUI, some do not even have a mode of
  interaction

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What uses Embedded Systems?

• Cars, Airplanes, Coffee Machines, MP3 players,
  cellphones
• Basically any machine that needs to perform
  certain tasks
• The Embedded Systems in these machines controls
  certain aspects, such as fuel injection, pilot
  controls, speedometers, and dispensing Coffee

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History of Embedded Machines

• Computers in the 1940's were too large and
  expensive to be used in portable tasks, even
  though they could perform simple tasks.
• Over time though, with smaller and smaller
  computers, they could be created for specific
  tasks

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More History

• Charles Stark Draper developed the first modern
  Embedded Machine for the Apollo Spacecraft,
  called the Apollo Guadance computer that helped
  make the Moon landing possible.

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Even More History

• With the introduction of the Microprocessor,
  Embedded Machines were able to take smaller and
  smaller forms.
• This allows smaller and lighter machines that
  control many of our devices today, such as our
  Cell phones, or MP3 players

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Characteristics

• They can only be used for specific tasks, not
  general tasks
• They run with limited resources
• They can also be a part of a larger system and
  used as a subsystem
• For example a car is the larger system, while
  the Embedded System is a subsystem of the car

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Microcontrollers

• Microcontrollers is what controls the embedded
  system
• Unlike Microprocessors, they include memory and
  I/O. In a sense, they are like a mini computer
• They implement AND, OR, XOR, NOT gates
• Extremely compact and cheap

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Microcontrollers are Small
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Aspects of Microcontrollers

• Watchdog timers
• They generally keep an eye on the system.
• When an error occurs in the system they enable a
  failsafe mechanism.
• Similar as a human resets a non-responsive
  machine, the Watchdog timer automatically
  'resets' the Microcontroller to a normal state
  when it doesn't respond normally for a specified
  time

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Systems on a Chip (SOC)

• Microcontrollers, while they are mini computers
  still require supporting circuits.
• Examples Decoders, signal converts, or signal
  processors
• SOC incorporates all these suporting circuits and
  a Microcontroller in one easy and compact chip.
• They are fast, small, and compact. They even
  consume less memory than having all the other
  chips that they replace

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Embedded Software

• Software written for an embedded machine needs to
  have the specs of the machine in mind.
• The software is built in the Embedded System
  itself
• Software also can not be fine tuned after the
  program is embedded onto the circuit
• Need to get it right the first time!

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Embedded Systems Memory

• The Embedded System does not use virtual memory,
  since it relies on being quick.
• Embedded programmers have to be aware of the size
  of memory, since it is limited based on the
  machine

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The End