Chapter 4: Packing of Goods

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Chapter 4 Packing of Goods

• ?????

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A Function of Packing

• Function of Packing
• Protect the goods in the circulation field
• Convenient for storing, taking care of,
  transporting, loading, unloading and calculating
• Strong packing can prevent the goods from being
  stolen and damaged
• Reasonable packing can lessen shipping space and
  save freight
• Marketing packing(????) makes it convenient for
  consumers to select, carry, or use the goods
• Marketing packing can also beautify the commodity

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B Kinds of Packing

• 3 kinds of Cargoes
• Nude Cargo
• Cargo in Bulk
• Packed Cargo

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B Kinds of Packing

• 1. Nude Cargo (???)
• Refers to those kinds of cargoes whose qualities
  are more stable. They are not easy to be
  influenced by outside circumstances and they
  become single pieces of their own. They are
  difficult to be packed or do not need any
  packing.
• Example such as steel products, lead ingot(??),
  
• timber(??), rubber(??), etc.

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B Kinds of Packing

• 2. Cargo in Bulk (???)
• Refers to those cargoes which are shipped on the
  conveyance (????) in bulk.
• Example such as oil, ore (??), grain,
• coal, etc.

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B Kinds of Packing

• 3. Packed Cargo (???)
• Refers to those which need shipping packing,
  marketing packing or both.
• Shipping Packing
• Marketing Packing

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B Kinds of Packing

• 3.1 Shipping Packing (????)
• Shipping packing is also called big packing (???)
  or outside packing (???).
• Single Piece Packing
• Collective Packing

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3.1 Shipping Packing

• Single Piece Packing (????)
• The cargoes are packed as a single unit, i.e., a
  measuring unit, in the transportation process.
• According to style Cases, drums, bags,
  bales(??), bundles(?), etc.
• According to material Cartons, wooden cases,
  iron drums, wooden casks(??), plastic casks,
  paper bags, gunny bags(???), plastic bags, etc.

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3.1 Shipping Packing

• Collective Packing (????)
• Collective packing is also called group shipping
  packing by which a certain number of single
  pieces are grouped together to form a big packing
  or are packed in a big container.
• Container
• Pallet
• Flexible Container

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Collective Packing

• Container (???)
• A kind of tool used for transportation which can
  be thought of as a particular shipping packing of
  the cargo, and can be regarded as a component
  part of the conveyance as well, usually provided
  by the ship company to go around.
• 8x 8x 20 feet container
• 8x 8x 40 feet container

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Collective Packing

• Example of 20 Container (20?????)

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Container

• 8x 8x 20 Feet Container (20?????)
• Loading capacity 18 M/T (max.)
• Volume usu. 31- 35 cubic meters
• TEU (Twenty-feet Equivalent Unit)???????
• When calculating the circulating quantity of
• container, we often take the 20-feet
• container as a measuring unit, i.e., TEU to
  
• indicate it, it means being equal to a
  20-feet
• unit.

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Collective Packing

• Example of Container (40?????)

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Container

• Kinds of Containers
• Dry Container (?????,???????)
• Used for carrying general cargoes.

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Container

• Example of Dry Container

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Container

• Kinds of Containers
• Refrigerator Container(?????)
• There is freezing equipment in the
• container. The temperature can be
• adjusted from -28? 26?.

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Container

• Example of Refrigerator Container

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Container

• Kinds of Containers
• Frame Container (????? )
• There is no top part and two flank walls
  on
• the container. Cargoes can be loaded into
  or
• lifted out of the container through the
  two
• side-frames.

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Container

• Example of Frame Container (????? )

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Container

• Kinds of Containers
• Open Top Container (????? )
• The open top container does not have the
• top part. Cargoes can be loaded or
  unloaded
• through the top of the container by
• elevating equipment. It is suitable for
• carrying extra-big cargoes.

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Container

• Example of Open Top Container

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Container

• Kinds of Containers
• Pen Container (????? )
• The two sides of this kind of container
• are covered by metal nets, which
• makes it convenient to feed the live-
• stock and ventilate (??) the
• container.

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Container

• Example of Pen Container (????? )

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Container

• Kinds of Containers
• Tank Container (????? )
• The tank container is suitable for
• carrying liquid cargoes such as oil, etc.

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Container

• Example of Tank Container

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Container

• Kinds of Containers
• Platform Container (????? )
• Suitable for carrying extra-long and
• extra-heavy cargoes. The length can
• reach more than 6 meters and the
• weight more than 40M/T.

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Container

• Example of Platform Container

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Container

• Kinds of Containers
• Bulk Container (?????? )
• There are two or three openings on the
  top of this
• kind of container, which makes it
  convenient to load
• the cargo. There are elevating frames at
  the bottom
• of the container that can elevate at a
  sloping angle
• (??) of 40 degrees, which makes it
  convenient to
• unload the cargo.

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Container

• Example of Bulk Container

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Collective Packing

• Pallet (??)
• A kind of single-layer (??) or double-layer flat
  carrier which is made according to a certain
  specification.
• Certain quantities of single pieces are packed
  collectively on the flat carrier and tied up in
  the light of the requirements to form a shipping
  unit, which makes it convenient to load, unload,
  lift and pile the goods by using machinery in the
  shipping process.

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Collective Packing

• Sample of Pallet

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Collective Packing

• Flexible Container (???)
• A kind of round-shaped or square-shaped bag woven
  with synthetic fibre(????)or compound material
  (????).
• Suitable for powder or grain cargoes such as
  fertilizer(??,??????), ore(??), flour(??), sugar,
  cement(??), etc.

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Collective Packing

• Sample of Flexible Container

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B Kinds of Packing

• 3.2 Marketing Packing (????)
• Marketing packing is also called small packing
  (????????) or inner packing (???).
• 3.2.1 Types of marketing packing
• Patterns for display and sale
• Patterns for identification of the goods
• Patterns with the function of use

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Types of Marketing Packing

• Patterns for display and sale (???????)
• Piling-up pattern(?????)
• There is a coinciding part at the top or bottom
  of the commodity packing. If one commodity is put
  on the top of the other, the two can tally with
  each other. This type can keep the commodities
  firm, and is suitable for super-markets to pile
  commodities up.
• Example such as cans, bottles, boxes, etc.

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Types of Marketing Packing

• Patterns for display and sale (???????)
• Hanging-up pattern(????)
• The packing has a hanging hook(??)or hole, or a
  pendent hand. Usually we have close-to-body
  packing(????), case-shaped packing, box-shaped
  packing, bag-shaped packing etc.
• This kind of packing can fully make use of space
  of shelves and greatly increase areas of displays
  and sale.

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Types of Marketing Packing

• Patterns for display and sale (???????)
• Spreading-up pattern(?????)
• The goods have a special-structured cover. When
  the cover is opened, the picture on the other
  side of it sets off well with the commodity.

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Types of Marketing Packing

• Patterns for identification of the goods
• (???????)
• Transparent pattern and windowed pattern
  (?????????)
• The cargo is packed wholly or partly with
  transparent packing material or a windowed paper
  box which can make the consumers see the shape
  and quality of the goods directly.

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Types of Marketing Packing

• Patterns for identification of the goods
• (???????)
• Customary packing pattern (?????)
• Using customary packing and modeling makes the
  buyers identify the quality of the commodity as
  soon as they see the packing.

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Types of Marketing Packing

• Patterns with the Function of Use
• (?????)
• Pattern for carrying about (?????)
• The modeling of this type is suitable for
  carrying the goods.
• Pattern for easily opening(????)
• This type has the characteristic of being easily
  opened.
• Example easily-opened cans, boxes, bottles, etc.

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Types of Marketing Packing

• Patterns with the Function of Use
• (?????)
• Pattern for spraying out (????)
• This packing is a liquid sprayer. When we press
  the button, the liquid will spray out
  automatically.
• This style is suitable for everyday consumer
  goods and medicines.
• Example such as perfume, etc.

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Types of Marketing Packing

• Patterns with the Function of Use
• (?????)
• Pattern for forming a complete set (????)
• The goods of different kinds and specifications,
  which are usually used simultaneously, are
  arranged into a group to form a complete set and
  unified packing.
• Example tea set, table ware, toy, etc.
• Pattern for showing off a gift(????)
• This packing is specially designed for a certain
  gift.

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3.2 Marketing Packing (????)

• 3.2.2 Packaging (??)
• Packaging is the main component of marketing
  packing.
• It plays a great role in beautifying the goods,
  attracting consumers, expanding sales, and
  raising selling prices.

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Packaging (??)

• Demand for Packaging Design
• Marketing packing should be beautiful, novel,
  scientific, reasonable, colorful, and show the
  unique style of Chinese art.
• Packaging design should highlight the
  characteristic of the commodity.
• The word description of packaging and the picture
  should be well coordinated.
• Marks and brands should be used properly.
• Pay more attention to the stipulations and
  different habits and tastes towards packaging.

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C. Packing Mark (????)

• Refers to different diagrams, words and figures
  which are written, printed, or brushed on the
  outside of the shipping packings.
• Shipping mark
• Indicative mark
• Warning mark
• Additional mark

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C. Packing Mark

• Shipping Mark (????,????)
• Shipping marks make it convenient for identifying
  and transporting the goods and make it easy to
  count them out and check them out .
• Shipping marks should be simple, clear and easy
  to be identified.

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Shipping Mark

• 4 Parts of Shipping Marks
• Consignees code(?????)
• the consignees codes is usually indicated by
• different geometrical diagrams, such as
• triangles, diamonds, circles, etc. with
  letters
• inside them as the main marks.
• Consignors code (?????)
• Destination (?????)
• Package number (??)

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Shipping Mark
C T ABC

• Sample
• Shipping mark can also include the contract
  number, gross and net weight, origin, etc.

Singapore Nos 1up 100 No.5
ABCD LC536800
Hong Kong Nos 1-200
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C. Packing Mark

• Indicative Mark (?????)
• We usu. make use of remarkable diagrams and
  simple words to remind the relative workers of
  the items for attention when they load, unload,
  carry and store the goods.

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Indicative Mark

• Sample of Indicative Mark

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C. Packing Mark

• Warning Mark (?????)
• Warning mark is also called dangerous cargo mark,
  which is brushed clearly and definitely on the
  shipping packings of the inflammable (??),
  explosive(???), poisonous, corrosive(????)or
  radioactive(????)goods, so as to give warnings to
  the workers.

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Warning Mark

• Example of Warning Mark

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Warning Mark

• Warning Marks for Packing Dangerous Cargoes
  (????????)promulgated in China
• Warning Marks for International Ocean
  Transportation of Dangerous Cargoes (?????????)
  promulgated by The United Nations Ocean
  Transportation Consultation Organization
  (???????????)

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C. Packing Mark

• Additional Mark (????)
• Sometimes, in accordance with the agreement
  entered into by the both parties or the
  regulations laid down by their countries
  respectively some additional marks are needed.

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D Neutral Packing and Brand Designated by the
Buyer

• Neutral Packing (????)
• There is neither a name of the origin, nor a name
  of the factory, nor a trade mark, a brand, or
  even any words on the packing of the commodity
  and the commodity itself.
• To break through different limitations and
  political discriminations of importing countries
  and areas

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C Neutral Packing and Brand Designated by the
Buyer

• 3 Kinds
• Accept the neutral packing with brands designated
  by the buyers
• Accept trade marks or brands designated by buyers
  from foreign countries, but indicate made in
  China
• Accept trade marks or brands and origins
  designated by the buyers

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E Packing Clause in the Contract

• The packing clause mainly stipulates
• packing manner
• packing material
• packing expenses to be borne
• the shipping mark

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E Packing Clause in the Contract

• Packing Manner and Packing Material (?????????)
• Determine the packing manner and packing material
  used, such as the material, dimension, weight of
  every single piece, filling material used, etc.
• Example Packing In new galvanized iron drums
• of 175 Kg each, net.
• Avoid using Seaworthy packing ,(??????)
  Customary packing,(???????) etc.

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E Packing Clause in the Contract

• Example
• To be packed in new strong wooden case suitable
  for long distance ocean transportation and well
  protected against dampness, moisture, shock, rust
  and rough handling(??,??,??,??,???????). The
  sellers shall be liable for any damage to the
  goods on account of improper packing and for any
  rust damage attributable to inadequate or
  improper protective measures taken by the
  sellers, and in such case or cases any and all
  losses and/or expenses incurred in consequence
  there of shall be borne by the Sellers.

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E Packing Clause in the Contract

• Example
• ??????????,??????, ??,??,??,??,???????.
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????.

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E Packing Clause in the Contract

• Packing Expense to Be Borne
• The packing expense is included in the price of
  the cargo
• The packing expense is not included in the price
  of the cargo or partly included.

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E Packing Clause in the Contract

• Shipping Marks
• Shipping marks are usu. to be designated by the
  buyer
• N/M No Marks