HMS TRAFALGAR (SSN)

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HMS TRAFALGAR (SSN)
A Submarine is only ever called a BOAT
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Naval Terminology Designed to Confuse

• SS Submarine
• SSN Submarine (Nuclear Propelled)
• SSBN Submarine (Nuclear Propelled with
  Ballistic Missiles)
• FF Frigate
• DD Destroyer
• DDG Destroyer with Guided Missiles
• CV Carrier
• CVF Carrier with fixed wing aircraft

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Classes of SSN (Hunter Killer)2nd Generation

• HMS Swiftsure (S Boats)
• HMS Sceptre
• HMS Spartan
• HMS Splendid
• HMS Sovereign
• HMS Superb

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Classes of SSN (Hunter Killer)3rd Generation

• HMS Trafalgar (T boats)
• HMS Turbulent
• HMS Tireless
• HMS Torbay
• HMS Trenchant
• HMS Talent
• HMS Triumph
• Astute (A Boats)

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Tomahawk Land Attack Missile Fired from HMS
Splendid
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Missile in Flight
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One Less Command Bunker
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HMS VANGUARD (SSBN)
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Classes of SSBN (Bomber)

• HMS Vanguard (Trident)
• HMS Victorious
• HMS Vengeance
• HMS Vigilant

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What Happens Underwater
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The Trident Missile
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The Deterrent
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THE SUBMARINE MUST BE ABLE TO

• Maintain watertight integrity
• Withstand pressure at depth
• Remain manoeuvrable
• Provide a stable platform to carry and fire
  weapons
• Provide a habitable environment for the crew and
  to house machinery
• Remain undetected - Very quiet
• Work independently of air

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SEA PRESSURE INCREASES AS THE SUBMARINE GOES
DEEPER.
The Problem

• In PSI, pressure is approximately equal to ½
  the depth in FEET.
• At 100ft sea pressure is 50 PSI
• In BAR, pressure is approximately equal to
  1/10 of the depth in METRES.
• At 30m sea pressure is 3 BAR
• At a submarines Maximum Operating Depth a
  submarine is having to withstand pressures of
  650 psi or 35 Bar

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BASIC SUBMARINE CONSRUCTION
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THE STRENGTH OF THE HULL IS INCREASED BY ADDING

• T Frames
• Bulkheads
• Decks

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Numerous holes are cut into the pressure hull for
access and services,all of which weaken the
pressure hull.In order to restore it to its
original strength, heavier plating is welded
around each opening,these plates are known as

• HULL INSERTS

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ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
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BUOYANCY

• POSITIVE
• NEGATIVE
• NEUTRAL

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BUOYANCY
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BUOYANCY
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MAIN BALLAST TANK
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING BUOYANCY

• Sea water density
• Salinity
• Temperature
• Compressibility
• Down Out
• Up In

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SUBMARINE STABILITY

• The Centre of Gravity is the point through
  which the entire weight of the submarine may be
  said to act.
• All heavy machinery and weights are placed at
  the bottom of the submarine to keep the centre of
  gravity as low as possible,this improves
  stability.

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THE CENTRE OF BUOYANCY

• Is the point through which the entire
  upthrust on the submarine may be said to act

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STABILITY

• Stability is the submarines resistance to
  heeling forces

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STABILITY
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OPERATING ZONES

• NORMAL OPERATING ZONE
• MAXIMUM EXCURSION DEPTH
• (20 BELOW DDD)
• CRUSH ZONE

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CONTROL SURFACES

• Control the submarines Course and Depth
• FOREPLANES
• Work in conjunction with the after planes to
  control pitch and depth
• AFTERPLANES
• Work in conjunction with the fore planes to
  control pitch and depth
• RUDDER
• Controls the Heading of the Submarine

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HUNTER KILLERCOMPARTMENT LAYOUT
FWD ESCAPE
WEAPONS EMBARKATION HATCH
CONTROL ROOM/ACCOMODATION
FWD ESCAPE
REACTOR COMPARTMENT
CONNING TOWER
MANOUVERING ROOM
MAIN ACCESS HATCH
ENGINE ROOM/MMS
AFTER ESCAPE HATCH
ENGINE ROOM HATCH
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BALLISTIC MISSILE SUBMARINE COMPARTMENT LAYOUT
WEAPONS EMBARKATION HATCH
ACCOMODATION/FOREENDS
MISSILE COMPARTMENT
FWD LET/MAIN ACCESS HATCH
REACTOR COMPARTMENT
CONNING TOWER HATCH
MACHINERY SPACE
MID LET
AFT LET
ENGINE ROOM HATCH
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FIN

• Integral with the casing is the FIN.
• It has 3 distinct functions
• Supports and houses the masts and periscopes.
• Provides an elevated platform for conning and
  navigation.
• Strengthened for icebreaking and streamlined by
  shutters.

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MASTS PERISCOPES
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SUBMARINE SYSTEMS
In order to operate efficiently and
independently, the submarine needs

• Water systems
• Air systems
• Hydraulic systems
• Environmental systems
• Sanitary systems

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BALLAST SYSTEM

• The primary function of the Ballast System is
  to adjust the bodily weight of the submarine.

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BALLAST SYSTEM
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TRIM SYSTEM

• The primary function of the trim system is to
  adjust the horizontal plane of the submarine.

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TRIM SYSTEM
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BILGE SYSTEM

• The primary function of the Bilge System is to
  collect and store dirty water other fluids
  prior to subsequent discharge overboard.

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BILGE SYSTEM
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DOMESTIC FRESH WATER

• The function of the domestic fresh water
  system is to provide hot and cold fresh water for
  drinking,domestic and other purposes.

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HIGH PRESSURE AIR

• To supply clean dry air _at_276 bar to
• A) Main Ballast Tank blows.
• B) Charging Emergency Bottle Groups.
• C) Auxiliary Vent Blow.
• D) After Planes in air emergency.
• E) Reactor Air services.

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HP AIR SYSTEMS
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HPA HAZARDS

• Hearing can be impaired
• Damage to health

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HP BLOW SYSTEM

• To blow the main ballast tanks with
• 276 bar air to achieve positive buoyancy

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HP BLOW SYSTEM
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NUCLEAR STEAM RAISING PLANT

• The pressurised water reactor generates heat
  to boil water,producing steam to drive the main
  turbines for propulsion and the turbo generators
  for electrical generation.
• The PWR is the submarines main source of
  powerit uses nuclear fission to generate the
  heat that is used to produce steam.

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REACTOR,SHOWING STEAM GENERATOR
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LAYOUT OF A REACTOR COMPARTMENT
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The control rods are raised and lowered to
maintain the reactor temperature inside a
predetermined band

• A reactor SCRAM is the dropping in of the
  control rods by the reactor protection system to
  shut down the reactor and preserve personnel and
  submarine safety.

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ABSOLUTE SAFETY ESSENTIALS

• COOLING WATER
• for Decay Heat Removal
• ELECTRICS
• for Reactor Instrumentation/Monitoring

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Cooling Water

• Must keep water in the primary circuit
• Very high integrity system
• Make up system

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ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION

• The submarine requires a source of electrical
  power in order to function.
• To provide this we have a system of generators
  and interlinking cables and switches.

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ELECTRICAL GENERATION

• Provides a safe reliable source of
• AC/DC electrical power for
• Navigation
• Weapons systems
• Heating
• Lighting
• Alternative methods of propulsion.

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ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION
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TURBO GENERATORS

• The primary method of producing electrical
  power is two steam-driven Turbo Generators
  located in the Main Machinery Space(MMS)
• They produce the main AC electricity at 440V
  60 Hz 3 phase.

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MAIN BATTERY

• Provides a high integrity DC electrical supply
  in the event of a loss of the AC power generating
  capability

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MOTOR GENERATORS

• M.Gs keep the Main Battery fully charged
  under normal conditions and in the event of a TG
  failure they can supply the AC system from the
  Main Battery

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DIESEL GENERATORS

• There are 2 Diesel Generators fitted that can
  be used to charge the main battery during normal
  battery routines and in various machinery
  breakdown states,e.g. a prolonged reactor scram

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SHORE SUPPLIES

• Shore supplies provide a method of supplying
  electricity alongside, using cables connected
  from the jetty to the submarine.

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THE PROPULSION SYSTEM

• The function of the propulsion system is to
  provide a method of driving the submarine through
  the water,surfaced or dived,whilst retaining the
  ability to remain undetected.

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MAIN PROPULSION UNIT SHAFTING
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MAIN TURBINES

• The main turbines convert the steam produced
  by the NSRP (Nuclear Steam Raising Plant) into
  rotational movement to drive the gearbox via the
  clutches.

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MAIN GEARBOX

• The main gearbox transfers the drive from the
  main turbines to the shaft and reduces the
  turbine speed at a specific reduction ratio.

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EMERGENCY PROPULSION MOTOR (EPM)

• The EPM provides an alternative method of
  turning the shaft in the event of a loss of steam
  or mechanical failure of the turbines and is
  clutched in or out when required.

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SECONDARY PROPULSION MOTOR (SPM)

• The SPM is used in the event of a main
  shafting failure or loss of the gearbox, and when
  manoeuvring in confined waters

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EMERGENCY BREATHING SYSTEM

• To supply clean, breathable, filtered air at 7
  bar throughout the submarine when the submarines
  atmosphere is contaminated.

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EMERGENCY BREATHING SYSTEM
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

• To supply a liquid at pressure to move heavy and
  essential items of equipment

Quietly Efficiently and Remotely
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MAIN HYDRAULICS
6 main uses of Main Hydraulics are

• Fwd hydroplanes
• Main vents
• Water tight doors
• HP Blow valves
• Masts Periscopes
• Hull Valves

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EXTERNAL HYDRAULICS
4 Main uses of External Hydraulics are

• Anchor windlass
• Capstans
• Bowcaps flap valves
• Secondary Propulsion Motor

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AFTER HYDRAULICS
After Hydraulics is used exclusively for

• Afterplanes
• Rudder Control

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ENVIROMENTAL SYSTEMS

• Ventilation System
• Snort Induction System
• Air purification
• Air conditioning
• Sanitary systems

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VENTILATION SYSTEM

• To circulate and distribute air throughout the
  submarine
• To provide adequate ventilation of the battery
  under all conditions.
• To exhaust stale or contaminated air from the
  submarine and replace it with fresh.
• To provide adequate air supplies to run the
  onboard diesels

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VENTILATION SYSTEM
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SNORT INDUCTION SYSTEM

• To supply a fan induced supply of fresh air to
  the ventilation system when the submarine is on
  the surface or at periscope depth.

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AIR PURIFICATION

• To ensure clean breathable air is provided
  throughout the submarine that contaminants are
  removed.

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AIR CONDITIONING

• To maintain a habitable environment for
  personnel and ensure suitable cooling is provided
  for electronic equipment where necessary.

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SANITARY SYSTEMS

• SANITARY, SLOP DRAIN SEWAGE
• To provide seawater for flushing the Heads and
  provide effluent storage prior to subsequent
  discharge overboard.
• GASH DISPOSAL
• To provide a method of discharging gash
  without surfacing the submarine.

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INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS

• To transfer voice information within the
  submarine.
• To provide telephone communication with the shore
  exchange when in harbour.
• To keep the crew informed of any emergency or
  general interest.

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EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS

• To transmit and receive information between
  the command headquarters ashore whilst remaining
  dived and covert.

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