Title: ??? ???????? Voltammetry and Polarography
1 ??? ???????? Voltammetry and
Polarography
2??????????? ????????????????????????????(
??)???????????????????????????????
3?????????????? ??????,???????? ?????????
?????
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
???????
??????????
4 ????,???????????,???????????? ???????????????
?????????????????,??????????????? ???????????
?????????????,??????(????????????)
5??????????? 1922?,?????????(Heyrovsky)?????????
,????????????? 1925?,?????????????????????
????????,????????
6 1959?,??????????????????????????
20??,????????,?????????????,??????????????
7- ?????????????????????
- ???????????????,??????,?????,?????,?????,???????
- ???????????????,????????
- (????????????)
8????????
??????????
- ?????????
- ?????????????????(???)
- ???????????,?????
- ???????????????????
9- ????????????,?????????????????,?????????(SCE),????
???,?????????? ?????????????????,?????(??)??,??
????
- ???????????????????,?????????(DME)????????????????
(???0.05mm),??????,???????,????????(3-5?/?)?????
10?????
11- ??????????
- ??????ab? i?icif
- ????????Cd2?????,??????????????Cd2
??????,????????????,????????? ,
?????????????????(?????),????????????????
12- ??????bd? V???????Cd2???????Cd2???????,?????
?,??B?,????? ?????? Cd22eHgCd(Hg) - ?????? 2Hg-2e2Cl-Hg2Cl2
13 ?????????,????????,???????,?bc???,???????????,
???????,????????????(cd),??Cd2?DME??????,
Cd2?DME???????????????,????????????????,?????????
??, Cd2?????????,?????,???Cd2???????,??????Cd2?
???????????????,?????????,??????, ???????????????
????(????)id ---??????(?????,????????????????) ?
???f1/2----??????(?????,??????????????,??????)
14??????????
- 1.????????????
- V? fSCE fde iR
- V?--???? fSCE--????????
- Fde--?????? R??????
- (1)???????????,R??,?? iR??????
- (2)????????????????,???????,????????,???????????
,?????????(fSCE 0) - V? fde
15- 2.???????
- ??Cd2???????Cd2???????,??????
- ?????? Cd22eHgCd(Hg)
- Cd2????????????(Nernst??)
- ????Cd2?????????????,??????,????????,Cd2?????
?,?????Cd2????,????????(bc),???????,?????????Cd2
??C0???????Cd2?????,???????Cd2????????????????,?
??????Cd2?????,??????????????Cd2????,??????????
16 ???????,?????????????d,?????? (C- C0)/d
,Cd2??????????????? d-????? ?????????,d??????,
?????????,????????C0???0??????????,
17- ?????????,??????
- (1)????????????,?????????, C0??????
- (2)????????,????C0 ?0
- (3)?????,????????????????
18?????????????????
id nD½m2/3 t 1/6 c
- id ???? n---?????????
- D---?????????????
- m--???????? t---??????
- ---??
? id ??????????, 607
19K607nD½m2/3 t 1/6
20m2/3 t 1/6---????? id ?h 1/2
21- (3)????? ???????,??n?,???????????,??D??????
????id ??????1.3/?,????????id ??????1??,????????
??? 0.5????
22- (4)??????? ???????????????,?D????,??m?t????????
?????,?????????????????????????????????????
23 ??????????????? ??????,????????,??????
?,????????????,??????????????,???????,????????,???
?????
241.???? ???????,??????????????????,???????????,?
??????????
- ???? ??????--????(???????)?????,??????????????????
??,?O2 ,Cu2,Fe3????,????,??????????????????????
,?????? ????,??????(?
)???,?????????????????
25??????? ???????????????????????,???????,
?????????????????????????????????????,?????????(??
????)??????????????,??? ????????? (????)??( ?????)
??? ?(????)?
26 ???????????,??????????,???????????????
???????,???????????,???????????
272.????????? ??????,?????????????????????????
,?????,???????????????????????,???????????????????
???????????,??????????????????????,???????????????
?
28????
(1).????????? ?????,?????????????????????,??
??????Faraday??,???????
if id im Id????????????,im???????????????
29(2)?????????,?????????(?????????50100?)???????,
???????????,?????????????????????????,???????????
??????????? ?????????????????,??????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????
30 3.???? ??????,???????????,?????,?????????
???????????,???????,???????????????,????????,?????
?????????,????????
31 ?????????????????????????,??????????????????????
?????
32 ???????? ???(????)??? ???????????? ?????
,?????? ???????????? ???,???????? ????????????????
???,????????,????????????????
33 ?????????,????????(?0.020.002)???????,???,??,?
???,??X--100?,????????????
?????????????????,???????,?????????????,?????????
??????????,????????????????,????????????????????
344.??--????????????????????? ???,O2?????????8mgL
-1????,O2?????????,????????
35(No Transcript)
36- ?????O2--??????N2?,?????H2?,?????????CO2?H2?CO2
- ??????????????????Na2CO3????O2
- ???O2--?????????????Na2SO3,?O2????,(??????,SO32-??
?????????,?????)?????????????????????O2???
37- ??????
- ??--H??????????????????
- ??--??????????? E 1/2??????????,????????
- ??--??????????????lt0.2V?,?????????????????
38???????? 1????? ????f1/2 2.???? ?????????????
?????????????
39???????????? 1??????????????10-210-5molL-1,?????
?,???????,??????????,??????????10-9
molL-1 2?????,????,???????2??
40- ?????????
- ??????,
- ?????
- ???????,????????????,
- ??????????
41- ???????????????
- ???? ??????????????? ?????????,??,?? ?????
- ?????????? ???????????????????
42???????????
- ????????,????????????????????????????
i--E???????
43 ????????? 5mV/s ???????,?????????????,????i--E??
???????????????,???????,???????
????????????250mV/S???????????????????????????????
???,?????????,????????,?????????????????????,?????
?????,?????????????????i--E??,??????,??????
44- ??????
- 1.???? ???????????,????? ???
- ???????--??????????,???????????????????????????(??
?????7?,????????????????6,7?
45- ???--??????,?????????,Pt???????,???????????
- ????--????
- ?????????
- ?????????
- ?????????
- ???????? I
- -E??,?????
- ?????????
462.?????????
47???
??????,??????? ??V?????(V/s
),A?????(cm2),??????????
ip 2.72105n1/2V1/2Ac
48- ??????, , , ,A????,??
- ---??????
49????????????????
1.?? 1)???? ?????????????l10-5mol/L????????
???????? 110-7mol/L? ??????????????,???????,?
??????????????????????,????????????3.5?,??????????
???7?,??????V0.25?/?,???????,?ip/id3.3n1/2,??ip
???id?????
502)???? ??????????????200?????????????????????
???,????????50????????
513)??????? ??????????????????????,???????????????
???,???????????????????????????????????5-10???????
??
????????,????????????????????????????????100
?1000??JP?????????????5000??
52- 4)?????
- ???????????????????(??25??)???,???????
??????(???7?)??????????
532.???????
1)?????????????(???4080?)????????????
???????????????????
2)????????????????,???0.002?/????????????????????
?,???0.25?/????
543)???????????????????????????????????????????????
? 4)????????????????????????????????????????????
,??????????????
55- 3.??
- ???????????????????????????????????????????
-
56????????
- ???????????.??????????????????????????????????
?????????????,??????????
57 (l)??????????? A B
C(????) B ne? C E(????)
(2)??????????? A ne? B
E(????) BCA C(????)
(3)??????????? A ne? B
E(????) B C C(????)
??????CE??,??????EC(R)??,??????EC??.
58???????????? (1)??????????, (2)?????
??????????????,???10-6-10-8 mol/L,????10-9 mol/L
,??10-10 mol/L? ??????,?????????,?????????????
?? ??,??????????????????????
59 ?. ??????????(?????)
?????????O??????,?????R,??????,????R???????????
Z(???)??,?????????????O???????O?????????????????,?
???????
60 ??????,??????,??O?????????,??????Z????,??O????
????,??????,???Z??????????????????????????O??????,
???????O????
??Z??????????,????????????,?????????,???O???,???
?????????,????????????,????????R,?????O?
61????????O?R?Z????????,??????????Z??R??????????????
??????,???????????,??????????
62 Fe3???????? ??,?????? H2O2?,????? ???,??????
???Fe3???Fe2, ??? H2O2?????Fe3 ????
OH,????????Fe2?Fe3 ? ??????,??????,??????? ???,
??????????
63????????,??????????????????,?????O????????????????
???????????????? ???????,???????????(????Z)??????
????????????????????????
64??????,????????????
???Z??????,???????O???????????????O???
65 ???????,??????????????k?,k???,?????????,??????
?,?????????? ??,???????????,???????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????,?????
,?4-5/??
66??????
??????????,???????,?? ?0.1 mol/L?????,??-1.25V????
??????
?????????????????????,?H??????????????????,??????
H???,??????( hydrogen catalytic wave )
671?????????? ?0.1mol/L???? ????PtCl4?,? ??????
??? ???,????? ?-1.05V???PtCl4 ?????,??? ?????,?
?????????,?????? ??????PtCl4???????
68 PtCl4 ? ??? ????? ??????PtCl4???Pt,Pt?????
,?????????????,???Pt??????Pt??, H
??Pt???????????,??H???Pt ??????,??????
???????????????????????,????????????????,?????
??????????????????????,???????,??510-8 mol/L
,?????????,?????,??10-4 mol/L ?
69??????????????????????,????????????
??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
110-10 mol/L ????????????????????????????????????
????????
702.??????????????? ????,?????????????????????
??,????????????????????Org-H??????????????????????
??????,??????????????????????????(?????)?,???????,
???????
71B DH ? B H H2O (?????) 2B H
2e ? 2B H2 (????)
B??????DH?????,???????B H ,B H
????????,????????,??????????B????????????,????????
???????,??????
72???,??????, B???????,?DH???,???????????????,?????
??B?????????????,??????????????????????????,??????
??????????????????
73 ??,????(II) ?????????, ???-SH???? ?????????? ???
??,????, ???????? ?????????? ???,?????? ??????????
???????????,?????????
74????????( Stripping Voltammetry)
????(stripping voltammetry)?????????????????,??
????????????????,???????????????????
???????,????????,??????? ???????????????,???????
? ???????????????,????????
75 ???????????? ???????????????????? 1.????
??????????,?????????,????????????????????? (1)???
??????????????,??????(????????????????)???????
76 (2)??????????(Am- ),????(M)????,?????????????????
??(Mn ),??????????????(MmAn),???????,???????
????????,?????????????,??? ???????????,???????????
??? ???????????????????
77- 2.????
- ?????????
- ?,????,????
- ???????,???
- ???????????
- ???????????
- ?????????-??
- ??,??????,??
- ?,????,?????
- ????????????
78 ??????????????????,?????????????-0.8V,???????,??
??????? Cu 2, Pb 2 , Cd 2 ??????,?????,???????
? ?????,?????????????????,???????????????,??,??
????,???????
????????,???????????????????,????????????????,??
???????,??????????????????,????????????,??????????
?????,????????????????
79(No Transcript)
80- ???????????????,
- ??????
- ??????
- n????????? D ????????????
- ? ????????? µ????
- DR ???????????? A ????
- v?????? t ????
- r ???? c ??????
ip 3.97105n3/2D2/3?1/2µ-1/5DR1/2rv1/2tc
ip 6.94105n2D2/3?1/2µ-1/6 Avtc
81???????? ip -Kc
----?????????? ?????????????????? ip
KnA/V
82- 4.?????????
- (1)????
- ???????????????,?????????,??????????????????0
.2-0.4V???????????,????????????????,??????????????
- (2)????
- ?????,??????????,ip ??1/2??,???ip
??????,???????????????
83- (3)????
- ???????10-6 10-8mol/L ???,?????515min
- ???????10-7mol/L ???,?????0.52min
- (4)??????
- ???????????????????????????,???????,??????????
??,????????
84????????????
- ???????,?????????????????
- (?)????
- 1.???
- ??????????,??H??????????,????????????????????
?????? - (1)?????????????????????????????????????????
85????????? ??????????? ?????????,? ??????????, ??
???????,? ??????????? ??????????? ??????,???? ????
?,????? ??????????? ??????,???? ??????????? ??,???
???????
86??? ???????0.4mm???????????????,??????????????(
8-10mg),????????? ??????
87???? ??????????(? ?)??????,??? ?????????,?? ???
????? ??????,??? ???????????, ????????,??? ?
?????????, ???????? ?????????? ?????,??????,
?????????????????????????,??????????????
88- 2.????
-
- ??Au?Ag???Hg???????,???????,??????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????,??????
????????,???????????,?????????????????
893.?????? ???????,?????????????? (????????
???),????????????????????,????????????????
90- (?)?????????
- ?????,?????????,Pt???????,???????????
- ?????????????????,??????????,???????????????????
????????,?????????? - ???????????
- ????,???????
- ???????
91???????? ?????,???(???)?????,?
- 1.?????--?????????????????Cs,????????hs,?hsCs??,?
????????hx,??????Cx? - ????????????????(????),??????????????????????
- ????????????????
92- ?????--???????????????????????????????????????????
????? - ??????--??????,??????? ?? ???????Vx(???Cx),????H
x,????????????????????Vs(???Cx),????Hxs,??
93- ?? ??????V???,??????????Vx(Cx),?????????Vs(Cs),??
????????Hx,Hxs,??
94- ??????--?????????V????(45?),??????????Vx(Cx),????
?????????Vs(Cs),??????Hxs,?HxsVs
??,??Hxs?Vs????????4.10?? ????????? Vs(??),?
95- 3.???(?????)
- ????????????????????????,???????
- ??????????????????????????,????????????????????
????????????? - ???????????????????????????????,???????????????,?
???????????? -
96- ?????????????????,????????????,??????????????????
,????????????,??????????????????????????,?????????
?,?????????????????,???????,???????????????
97?????????????
- 1.??
- (1)????,??????10-11mol/L,??????10-10mol/L-
10-9mol/L????? - (2)?????,????????,??????1-2s??
- (3)????,??????,???????????????
- (4)?????,????40???????
98- 2.??
- ???????????????????????????????????????????????
,???????????
99??????????
- 1976??Jagner???????????????????????????,??????
?????,??????????????,?????????????????????
100??????
- 1.????
- ??????????????,????????????????????????,????
??? - ??????????????
1012.???? ????????,???????????? (1)?????
?????,????,??????,??????????,????-??( -t
).?????????,??????? ??????????cMn????,?
??????Nernst?? cM(Hg)??M??????? ?????????????,?
?????, ??t?????,???????? ????,??-????????,????
?????,??????????????????,????????t?????,?????????
?---??????
102- (2)??????
- ?????,????,??????????(?????Hg2?)???????????
??????? - OX--??? Red????
- ???????????????????????,????( -t )??,????????.
-
- ?????????Hg2?????????,???????????,????????????,??
??????
M(Hg)x mOX Mn xHg mRed
103????????
- 1.????????( -t )??
- ???????,????????
- ?????Cu2?Pb2?Cd2????
- ?,????????????????
- ?????????????????
- ??,????????(???)
- ?????????,???????
- ??????????,??????
- ????????????Cu2/Cu(Hg), Pb2/Pb(Hg),
Cd2/Cd(Hg),???????????????????????,??????????Cd(H
g)? Pb(Hg)? Cu(Hg)??????t,???????????,t??????cMn?
????
104- DMn???????? DOX ????????
- cOX????? tp??????
- ????? t K cMn--??????
105- 2.???????
- ???????????????????
- ????????
- ? ?, ????
106(No Transcript)
107???????????????
- 1.??
- (1)???????,??????5-7???
- (2)????,???????????????
- (3)????,????????
- (4)???????
- (5)????????????,???????,?????
1082.?? ???????????????????????????????
????????