ORA000003 CDMA2000 Principle

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ORA000003 CDMA2000 Principle

• 1.2

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Objectives

• After this presentation, you will be familiar
  with
• the development of mobile communication system
• the structure of CDMA2000 network
• the number planning in CDMA2000 network

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Course Organization
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 CDMA Techniques Technologies
Chapter 3 CDMA Core Networks
Chapter 4 CDMA Number Planning

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Development of Mobile Communications
Introduction
1st Generation 1980s (analog)
2nd Generation 1990s (digital)
3rd Generation current (digital)
GSM
UMTS WCDMA
AMPS
CDMA IS95
TACS
CDMA 2000
Analog to Digital
Voice to Broadband
NMT
TDMA IS-136
TD-SCDMA
OTHERS
PDC

• 3G provides
• Complete integrated service solutions
• High bandwidth
• Unified air interface
• Best spectral efficiency and
• a step towards PCS

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Transmission Techniques
Introduction
CDMA
Traffic channels different users are assigned
unique code and transmitted over the same
frequency band, for example, WCDMA and CDMA2000
TDMA
Traffic channels different time slots are
allocated to different users, for example, DAMPS
and GSM
FDMA
User
User
User
User
User
Traffic channels different frequency bands are
allocated to different users,for example, AMPS
and TACS
User
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3G Objectives
Introduction

• 3G is developed to achieve
• Universal frequency band for standard and
  seamless global coverage
• High quality of service with complete security
  and reliability
• Easy and smoothly transition from 2G to 3G,
  compatible with 2G
• Provide multimedia services, with the rates
• Vehicle environment 144kbps
• Walking environment 384kbps
• Indoor environment 2Mbps

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Standards for 3G
Introduction
CDMA2000
3GPP2
FDD mode
WCDMA
TD-SCDMA
3G system
3GPP
CWTS
FDD mode
TDD mode
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Development of CDMA
Introduction

• CDMA2000 307.2kbps
• Heavier voice service
  capacity
• Longer period of standby time

1995
1998
2000
2003

• Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity
• Higher packet data rate and more diversified
  services
• Smooth transit to 3G

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CDMA2000 1X Network Structure
Introduction
A1(Signaling)
A2(Traffic)
Abis
A3(Signaling Traffic) A7(Singaling)
A11(Signaling)
A10(Traffic)
MS Mobile Station
BTS Base Transceiver Station BSC Base Station
Controller MSC Mobile Switching
Center HLR Home Location Register
VLR Visitor Location Register PCF Packet data
Control Function PDSN Packet Data Service
Node HA Home Agent
FA Foreign Agent SCP Service Control
Point Radius Remote
Authentication Dial-in User Service
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Course Organization
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 CDMA
Techniques Technologies Chapter 3 CDMA Core
Networks Chapter 4 CDMA Number Planning
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Spreading and De-spreading
CDMA Techniques Technologies
The improvement of time-domain information rate
means that the bandwidth of spectrum-domain
information is spread.
S(f)
S(f)
information
information
f
f0
f0
f
The spectrum before spreading
The spectrum after spreading
S(f)
S(f)
information
Interference/noise
Interference/noise
information
f0
f
f0
f
The spectrum before despreading
The spectrum after despreading
pulse interference
information
White noise
S(f) is the energy density.
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The Principle of RAKE Receiver
CDMA Techniques Technologies
Transmission signal
S(t)
RAKE Receiver- multi-path fading
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The Principle of RAKE Receiver
CDMA Techniques Technologies
RAKE antennas help to overcome on the multi-path
fading and enhance the receive performance of the
system
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Handoff
CDMA Techniques Technologies

• Soft handoff
• It is a process of establishing a link with a
  target sector before breaking the link with the
  serving sector
• Softer handoff
• Like the soft handoff, but the handoff is
  occurred between multi-sectors in the same base
  station
• Hard handoff
• Hard handoff occurs when the two sectors are not
  synchronized or are not on the same frequency.
  Interruption in voice or data communication
  occurs but this interruption does not effect the
  user communication

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Soft/Softer Handoff
CDMA Techniques Technologies

• Multi-path combination in the BSC during soft
  handoff
• Multi-path combination in the BTS during softer
  handoffs

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Course Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 CDMA Techniques
Technologies Chapter 3 CDMA Core
Network Chapter 4 CDMA Number Planning
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A typical CDMA Network
CDMA Core Network
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CDMA Interfaces
CDMA Core Network
Mobile Customer Service Center
MC/VM
PSTN/ISDN
IS-41
Other MSCs
SS7
SS7
IS-41
SDH
SS7
Other PLMNs
BSC
MSC/SSP/VLR
GMSC/SSP
IOS4.0
TCP/IP
IS-41
BTS
IS95---- CDMA2000
OMC
IS-41
INTERNET
SCP
MS
IS-41
BTS
HLR/AC
STP
MSC Mobile-service Switching Center BSC
Base Station Controller MC Short Message Center
HLR Home Location
Register BTS Base Transceiver Station
VM Voice Mailbox VLR Visitor Location Register
OMC Operation Maintenance Center AC
Authentication Center
SCP Service Control Point
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CDMA Services
CDMA Core Network

• Schools, groups
• Universal account number
• Sectorized and time shared charge
• Broadcast news

• Businesses, enterprises
• Mobile virtual private network
• Mobile high-speed network access
• Advertising services
• Free phone

• Family
• Familiarity number
• Life amusement

• Individuals
• Individualized services
• Privacy

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CDMA Feature Services---Example 1
CDMA Core Network
Ruyi lock Features a mobile phone user can dial
the access code and input the PIN code to
lock/unlock his mobile phone by using any fixed
telephone instead of registering and paying at a
business hall.
Where is my mobile phone? It is lucky to have
Ruyi lock!
Why cant I make a call the moment I picked it
up?
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CDMA Feature Services---Example 2
CDMA Core Network
You can register for a forwarding service on your
own
FOLLOW ME Features a user can activate call
forwarding of his/he MS from any phone to ensure
that any incoming call of a mobile phone user
will not be lost.
I forgot to bring my mobile phone, but I will
have an important customer to meet this
afternoon. What should I do?
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CDMA Feature Services---Example 3
CDMA Core Network
Friendshipcom Features After a called user
subscribes for this service, the system requires
password to caller. A call is accomplished only
if the password is correct. Otherwise, the call
will be rejected or transferred.
He can no longer reach me!
Does that guy still bother you recently?
Why? Ask me to input a password?
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CDMA Feature Services---Example 4
CDMA Core Network
LOOK FOR service Feature 1 When a user makes a
call to an intra-group user, the terminals of all
intra-group users ring in-turn or simultaneously
until there is a reply.
Intra-group user
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CDMA2000---Data Services
CDMA Core Network
Video Streaming
2,000
Still Imaging
Remote Medical Service
384
High-quality videoconference
Audio Streaming
Data rate in Kbps
Sports, news and weather report on demand
144
Text Messaging
Low-quality videoconference
128
Voice
Mobile TV
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Image
Electronic newspaper
Video Surveillance, Video Mail, Travel
Voice Mail
JPEG Still Photos
Singing room
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Electronic book
E-commerce
Fax
E-Mail
9.6
Data
Telephone (Voice)
Mobile Radio
0
Weather, transportation, news, sports and
securities
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Locating Services
CDMA Core Network
3GPP2 uses the following 3 standards for MS
location

• GPS-aided measurement
• Accuracy suburbs---10m.
• City zone---3070m.
• Indoor --unable to locate
• Response time 310s
• Measurement of base station pilot phase
• Accuracy 50200m
• Response time 36s
• Locating of a cell ID
• Accuracy depends on the size of a cell
• Response time within 3s

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Locating Services
CDMA Core Network
110! Bandit!

• The system transfers the alarm to the nearest
  alarm processing center based on the location.
• An emergency button can be set on a users mobile
  phone to so that an alarm can be reported without
  any conversation or delay.

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Equal Access of Toll Calls
CDMA Core Network
HLR
CDMA/ INTERNET
PSTN
Toll route after subscription
MSC/GMSC
Original toll route
Operators who subscribe for toll services

• Help mobile operators to absorb large quantities
  of toll services
• Users subscribe to select toll operators to
  ensure quality of service.
• Enable users to save toll call charge (premium
  strategy)
• Make an IP toll call without dialing a preamble

Users who subscribe for toll services
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Course Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 CDMA
Techniques Technologies Chapter 3 CDMA Core
Network Chapter 4 CDMA Number Planning
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Definition of Coverage Areas
CDMA Number Planning
Service area
PLMN area
MSC area
Location area
Cell area
Sector area
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Parameters Involved
CDMA Number Planning

• In a CDMA system, the following parameters are
  defined to identify a user and his location

• MIN/IMSI
• MDN
• ESN
• TLDN
• SID/NID
• LAI
• GCI
• SIN
• SSN

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MIN/IMSI
CDMA Number Planning
Not more than 15 digits
3 digits
2 digits
MSIN
MCC
MNC
NMSI
IMSI
Mobile subscriber identity/international mobile
subscriber identity For example,
0907550001/460030907550001
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MDN
CDMA Number Planning



CC
MAC
H
H
H
H
ABCD
0
1
2
3
International mobile subscriber DN
National valid mobile subscriber number
Mobile directory number For example, 8613307550001
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ESN
CDMA Number Planning
A unique Electronic Serial Number (ESN) is used
to identify single MS. An ESN includes 32 bits
and has the following structure 31......24
23......18 17......0
bit Manufacturers number retained
equipment SN For example, FD 03 78 0A (the 10th
Motorola 378 mobile phone) The equipment serial
number is allocated by a manufacturer.
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TLDN
CDMA Number Planning
Temporary local directory number For example,
8613344755001
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SID/NID
CDMA Number Planning
MSCID (Exchange Identity) System Identity (SID)
Exchange number (SWIN) is used to represent a
certain set of equipment in an NSS network. For
example, Unicom CDMA Shenzhen MSC is labeled as
375501
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Location Area Identity (LAI)
CDMA Number Planning

• PAGING message is broadcast within a local area,
  the size of which depends on traffic, paging
  bearer capability, signaling flow , etc.
• Format MCCMNCLAC
• MCC Mobile Country Code, 3 digits. For example,
  China is 460.
• MNC Mobile Network Code, 2 digits. For example,
  the MNC of Unicom is 03.
• LAC Location Area Code, a 2-byte-long
  hexadecimal BCD code. 0000 cannot be used with
  FFFE.
• For example, 460030100

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Global Cell Identity (GCI)
CDMA Number Planning

• The unique ID of a cell in PLMN
• Format LAICI
• CI Cell Identity, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD
  code, pre defined by the engineering department.
  The first 3 digits and the last digit represent
  the base station number and the sector number
  respectively. For an omni-directional site, the
  last digit of CI is 0.
• For example, 4600301001230 shows base station
  number 123 contains an omni-directional site

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Sender Identification Number (SIN)
CDMA Number Planning

• MSC number
• The MSC number stipulated by Unicom is 460 03
  09 H0H1H2H3 1000.
• HLR number
• The HLR number stipulated by Unicom is 460 03
  09 H0H1H2H3 0000.
• SMC number
• The SMC number stipulated by Unicom is 460 03
  09 H0H1H2H3 2000.
• SCP number
• The SCP number stipulated by Unicom is 460 03
  09 H0H1H2H3 3000.
• 09 is used by China Unicom, this number is
  distributed uniquely in the world.

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Sub-System Number (SSN)
CDMA Number Planning

• SSN of MSC 8
• SSN of VLR 7
• SSN of HLR 6
• SSN of AC 10
• SSN of SMC EE
• SSN of SCP EF
• SSN of A interface FE/FC
• SSN of SCCP management 1

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Summary

• Brief Development History of Mobile Communication
• Analog--digital--code division
• Objectives of 3G and comparison of 3 systems
• CDMA network structure and Technical features
• Service provided in CDMA network
• Number planning in CDMA Network

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