MICRO TEACHING

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MICRO TEACHING

• Dr G L Gulhane
• P G Department of Education
• Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University
• Amravati

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What is Teaching?

• Teaching is not merely imparting knowledge to
  students, nor merely giving advice.
• Teaching is not passing information to the
  students.
• Teaching is not sharing ones own experience.

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What is Teaching?

• The best approach to understanding the nature of
  teaching is establishing a harmonious
  relationship between teacher, student and
  subject.
• Teaching is the activity of facilitating
  learning.
• Effectiveness in teaching does not relate to
  teachers age, sex, and teaching experience.
• One can become an effective teacher irrespective
  of his/her age, sex and experience.

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Defects in Teaching

• Defects in Teaching
• More Teachers talk Most of the time in the
  classroom, is devoted to teachers talk, and
  students get very little opportunity to express
  themselves.
• Only memory level During classroom interaction,
  teacher tends to promote mostly learning
  requiring memory level thinking.

• .

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Defects in Teaching

• More information less explanation Most of the
  teachers spend more time in giving information
  and less on clarifying ideas and still less time
  for giving explanations.
• Less chance of encouragement A very low
  percentage of teachers time in the classroom is
  used for making encouraging remarks.
• No planning Most of the teachers are not
  systematic in planning and carrying out
  instruction.

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Defective Teaching Learning Process
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What is learning?

• Change in behavior brought about by activity,
  training or experiences.
• Learning never ends.
• Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at
  twenty or eighty.
• Anyone who keeps learning stays young.
• Effective learning is based on what the learner
  already knows

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How learning happens? .

• Learning Knowledge acquired by study.
• Learning happens and knowledge is generated in an
  environment where interaction between teachers,
  students and content takes place in interactive
  ways.
• There is a famous saying
• I hear I forget
• I see I remember
• I do I understand.

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How learning happens? .

• Research around the world also suggest
• We remember ..
• 20 of what we hear
• 30 of what we see
• 50 of what we see and hear
• 90 of what we see, hear do.
• 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Cont.

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How learning happens? .
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Changes in Teacher Role

• A shift from
• 1. Knowledge transmitter, primary source of
  information, content expert, and source of all
• answers.
• 2. Teacher controls and directs all aspects of
  learning

• A shift to
• 1. Learning facilitator, collaborator, coach,
  mentor, knowledge navigator, and co-learner.
• 2. Teacher gives students more options and
• responsibilities for their own learning

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Changes in Student Role

• A shift from
• 1. Passive recipient of information.
• 2. Reproducing knowledge.
• 3. Learning as a solitary activity

• A shift to
• 1. Active participant in the learning process.
• 2. Producing and sharing knowledge, participating
  at times as expert.
• 3. Learning collaboratively
• with others

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Microteaching

• Dr. Allen and his group evolved Microteaching in
  1963 in America.

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What is Microteaching?

• Meaning
• The teaching of a small unit of content to the
  small group of students (6-10 number) in a small
  amount of time (5-7 min.) means Micro Teaching.
• It is a skill training technique.
• It is a short session teaching.
• To train inexperience student-teachers for
  acquiring teaching skills.
• To improve the skills of experience teachers.

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Microteaching Cycle(Procedure)

• Step- I Micro Lesson Plan ( may take 2
  hours / a day)
• Step-II Teach 5 Min.
• Step-III Feedback Session 5
  Min.
• Step-IV Re-plan
  10 Min.
• Step-V Re-teach Another group 5 Min.
• Step-VI Re-feedback 5
  Min.
• 
  ---------------
• 
  Total 30 Min. (Appr.)

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Characteristics of Microteaching

1. The duration of teaching as well as number of
   students are less.
2. The content is divided into smaller units which
   makes the teaching easier.
3. Only one teaching skill is considered at a time.
4. There is a provision of immediate feedback.
5. In micro teaching cycle, there is facility of
   re-planning, re-teaching and re-evaluation.
6. It puts the teacher under the microscope
7. All the faults of the teacher are observed.
8. The problem of discipline can also be controlled.

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Comparison Between Micro Teaching and Traditional
Teaching

• Traditional Teaching
• Class consists of 40 to 60 students.
• The teacher practices several skills at a time.
• The duration is 40 to 45 minutes.
• Immediate feed-back is not available.

• Micro teaching
• Class consists of a small group of 6 to 10
  students.
• The teacher takes up one skill at a time.
• Duration of time for teaching is 5 to 7 minutes.
• There is immediate feed-back.

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Cont. Comparison Between Micro Teaching and
Traditional Teaching

• Traditional Teaching
• There is no control over situation.
• Teaching becomes complex.
• The role of the supervisor is vague ( not clear).
• Pattern of classroom interaction cannot be
  studied.

• Micro teaching
• Teaching is carried on under controlled
  situation.
• Teaching is relatively simple.
• The role of the supervisor is specific and well
  defined to improve teaching.
• Pattern of classroom interaction can be studied
  objectively.

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Components of Micro teaching Techniques

• Student Teacher- The student who gets the
  training of a teacher is said to be
  student-teacher. Various capacities are developed
  in them during training such as capacity of
  class management, capacity of maintaining
  discipline and capacity of organizing various
  programmes of the school / college etc.
• Feedback Devices- Providing feedback is essential
  to make changes in the behavior of the pupils.
  This feedback can be provided through video-tape,
  audio-tape and feedback questionnaires.

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Components of Micro teaching Techniques

• Skill As we know, skill means ability to do
  something well or expertness.
• Teaching Skills- Teaching skill is a set of
  teacher behaviors which are specially effective
  in bringing about the desired changes in pupils.
  
• For example
• a) lecturing skill,
• b) skill of black-board writing,
• c) skill of asking questions,
• d) skill of class management etc.

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Skills of Micro Teaching
1. Introduction Skill
4. Skill of Stimulus Variation
2. Skill of Probing Questions

5. Skill of Black-board Writing
3. Skill of Explanation
6. Skill of Achieving Closure
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Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• Introduction Skill
• Skill of Probing Questions
• Skill of Explanation
• Skill of Stimulus Variation
• Skill of Black-board Writing
• Skill of Achieving Closure

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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• Introduction Skill The skill of introducing a
  lesson involves establishing rapports with the
  learners, promoting their attentions, and
  exposing them to essential contents.
• Components of this skill-
• Preliminary Attention Gaining
• Normally, at the beginning of a lesson,
  students are found not to be attentive and
  mentally prepared for learning. They may be
  thinking something else too. In such situation,
  the primary duty of a teacher is to create desire
  for learning among the students.
• Teacher can do it by telling a story, with
  the help of demonstration, recitation, etc.

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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• Use of previous knowledge Previous knowledge
  refers to the learners level of achievements
  before instruction begins. Use of previous
  knowledge is a must, because it helps to
  establish an integration between the pre-existing
  knowledge of the learner and the new knowledge
  that the teacher wants to impart him.
• Use of Appropriate Device In order to motivate
  the learner, the teacher should make use of
  appropriate devices or techniques while
  introducing a lesson.
• For example- dramatization, models,
  audio-visual aids etc.
• Link with new topic After preliminary questions
  and introduction, teachers should establish a
  link of previous knowledge with present topic.

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Cont. Examples on Introduction Skill

• Instructions
• 1. Use only one word of seven letters for first
  blank.
• 2. Split the same word into two different words
  and filled in reaming two blanks.
• 3. Dont change sequence of letters.
• Complete the following sentence
• The - - - - - - - surgeon was - - - - - - - to
  perform operation because he had - - - - - - -
  .

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Cont. Examples on Introduction Skill

• Complete sentence
• The Notable surgeon was not able to perform
  operation because he had no table .

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Cont. Examples on Introduction Skill

• Answer the following
• 1. Golden jubilee Today's date Silver jubilee
  ..

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Cont. Examples on Introduction Skill

• Answer the following
• 2. Children day Valentine day independence
  day ..

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Cont. Examples on Introduction Skill

• Answer the following
• 3. Heads of Ravan X Palms of human body -
  Republic day
• 
  ..

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Cont. Examples on Introduction Skill

• Answer the following
• 4. Eyes Nose Ears Teeth Hands Tongue
  

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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• 2. Skill of Probing Question
• Probing questions are those which help the
  pupils to think in depth about the various
  aspects of the problem. By asking such questions
  again, the teacher makes the pupils more
  thoughtful. He enable the pupils to understand
  the subject deeply.
• The components of this skill are
• Prompting- When a pupil expresses his inability
  to answer some question in the class or his
  answer is incomplete, the teacher can ask such
  questions which prompt the pupils in solving the
  already asked questions.
• For example- Do you know names of Vice
  Chancellors of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati
  University since 1983?

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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• Skill of Probing Question
• Seeking Further Information When the pupils
  answer correctly in the class but the teacher
  wants more information and further clarification
  from the learner by putting how and why of
  correct part the response.
• Refocussing When the teacher ask the same
  question from other pupil for comparison . This
  is known as Refocussing.
• Redirecting Questions Questions which are
  directed to more than one learner to answer, are
  called redirected questions.

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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• 3. Skill of Explanation To present the
  subject-matter in the simplified form before the
  pupils and making it acquirable is known as
  Explanation Skill. It involves a ability of the
  teacher to describe logically How, Why and
  What of concept, event etc.
• Components of this skill are
• Clear beginning statement Before starting any
  explanation, the teacher should make the pupils
  aware of what he is to teach on that day through
  a clear beginning statement.
• Lack of Irrelevant Statement While presenting
  the subject matter, only the concerned statements
  should be used.

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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• Fluency in Language The teacher should use such
  fluent language that the pupils may listen and
  understand the thoughts of the teachers.
• Connecting Links This technique is used
  primarily to explain the links in statements with
  so, therefore, because, due to, as a
  result of, in order to etc.
• Use of Proper Words The teacher should use
  proper words for enplaning an object or an event
  otherwise he would be in a state of confusion.
• Precautions for skill of Explaining
• It should be in simple language.
• It should not be given the shape of an advice.
• The thoughts included in it should be in a
  sequence.
• Irrelevant things should not be included in it.
• It should be according to the age, experience and
  mental level of the pupils.

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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• 4. Skill of Stimulus Variation Stimulus
  variation is described as deliberate change in
  the behaviors of the teacher in order to sustain
  the attention of his learners throughout the
  lesson. Stimulus variation determines teacher
  liveliness in the classroom. The components of
  this skill are
• Body Movement The physical movements of the
  teacher in the class is to attract the attention
  of the learners. Sudden body movement and
  suddenly stopping the same helps in gaining
  learners attention at high level. The teacher
  without these activities is like a stone-idol.
  Excess movement is undesirable.
• Gestures Gesture involves the movements of the
  head, hand, and facial gestures (laughing,
  raising eyebrows, emotions, etc) signals. This
  technique helps the teacher to be more expressive
  and dynamic in presenting his lesson in the class.

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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

1. Change in Voice Teacher should bring
   fluctuations in his voice. The pupils feel
   boredom with the speech at the same pitch, and
   pupils get deviated from the lesson.
2. Focussing Focussing implies drawing the
   attention of the learners towards a particular
   point which the teacher wishes to emphasize. Such
   technique involves verbal focusing, gestural
   focusing, or verbal-gestural focusing.
3. Eye-contact and eye-movement Both the
   eye-contact and eye-movement play very important
   role in conveying emotions and controlling
   interaction between the teacher and taught. In a
   classroom situation, this technique implies that
   the teacher should maintain eye-contact with the
   learners in order to sustain the attention of the
   latter.

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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• Pausing Pausing refers to short and deliberate
  intervals of silence used while delivering ideas,
  explaining, lecturing, etc. Deliberate use of
  short pauses help the teacher to attract and
  sustain the attention of his learners. But too
  long pauses may be irritating.
• 5. Skill of Black-board Writing Blackboards,
  being the visual aids, are widely used in all
  aspects of education and training, and are most
  suitable for giving a holistic picture of the
  lesson. A good blackboard work brings clearness
  in perception and the concepts being taught, and
  adds variety to the lesson.
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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• The components of the skill of blackboard
  writing are
• Legibility ( Easy to read )
• Size and alignment ( In a straight line )
• Highlighting main points
• Utilization of the space
• Blackboard summary
• Correctness
• Position of the teacher and
• Contact with the pupils.
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Writing Skill

• Legibility ( Easy to read ) A legible
  handwriting on the blackboard draws the attention
  of the learners and encourages them to improve
  upon their handwritings. In order to make
  handwritings more legible, the teacher should see
  that a clear distinction is ensured between every
  letter, adequate space is maintained between
  individual letters and words.
• Size and Alignment The size of the letters
  written by the teacher on the board should be
  uniform and large enough to be read from the last
  row. The size of the capital letters should be
  larger than that of the small letters and the
  handwritings should be as vertical as possible
  without being diverged from a line.
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Writing Skill

• Highlighting Main Points The main points or
  words written on the board should only be
  highlighted by underlying them. Colored chalks
  should be used suitably for the purpose of
  drawing the learners attention to those main
  points that need to be highlighted too.
• Utilization of the Space For the proper
  utilization of the space important words or
  statements should be written on the board.
  Overwriting on the letters should be avoided as
  it makes the blackboard work untidy. Only
  essential materials should be retained on the
  blackboard and unnecessary words should be rubbed
  off.

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Writing Skill

• Blackboard Summary In order to make teaching
  meaningful to the learners the teacher should
  develop blackboard summary at the end of the
  lesson. This should be so brief that the learners
  can recollect the whole lesson at a glance.
• Correctness While constructing sentences on the
  board, the teacher should be careful about
  correct spelling, punctuation, grammar, etc.

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Writing Skill

• Position of the Teacher The position of teacher
  should not be in between the learners and the
  blackboard.
• Contact with Pupils The teacher, at the time of
  writing on the board, should maintain eye-contact
  with his learners. This is necessary for
  controlling interactions, maintaining
  disciplines, sustaining attentions of the
  learners, etc.

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Blackboard Writing Skill

• Legibility ( Easy to read ) A legible handwritin
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Blackboard Writing Skill

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Blackboard Writing Skill

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Blackboard Writing Skill

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Cont. Skills of Micro teaching Techniques

• 6. Skill of Achieving Closure
• When a student- teacher delivers lecture and
  sums up properly and in an attractive way, the
  skill is termed as Closure Skill.
• The lesson/period remains ineffective in
  the absence of proper closure.
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Feedback in Micro teaching

• Feedback is the information supplied to
  the individual.
• The success of micro teaching depends on
  feedback. Which can also be used within the
  process of teaching as well as after the lesson
  taught.
• It is used in various forms in case of
  micro teaching by the supervisor, video-tape,
  films, T.V., which are various sources of
  feedback.
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Advantages Of Microteaching

1. It focuses on sharpening and developing specific
   teaching skills and eliminating errors.
2. It enables understanding of behaviours important
   in class-room teaching.
3. It increases the confidence of the learner
   teacher.
4. It is a vehicle of continuous training for both
   beginners and for senior teachers.
5. It provides experts supervision and constructive
   feedback.

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SUMMARY

• Microteaching involves presentation of micro
  lesson
• Audience.small group of peers.
• Feedback given by peers role playing as students
• Participants learn about strengths weakness in
  themselves as teachers
• Plan strategies for improvement in performance

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Why teaching profession is good?
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Remember!!!

• Even the best teacher can learn a great deal from
  his or her students

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Secret
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Need of the hour
Working Together, We Can achieve our goal and
expected qualities in higher education
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Present Teacher Expected Teacher
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Thanks

• .

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Dr G L GulhaneP G Department of EducationSant
Gadge Baba Amravati UniversityAmravati

• E-mail glgulhane_at_gmail.com
• 09527360926