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??:SVO/SVC/SVP

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Title: ??:SVO/SVC/SVP

1
??????
???? ???
2
?????????
??
??SVO/SVC/SVP ??TC (topiccomment) ?? Her
efforts gained her a reputation. ??
???????????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ??SVO????,
??????, ??????????????????????????,??????, ?????
3
?????????
??
?? His skills qualify him for the job. ??
???????????????? ?? ????, ???????? ??
?????SVO????????, ???????, ?????????????????,
???????
4
?????????
??
??????????????, ??????? ????????????????,
??????? ????????????????????????, ??????????????,
????????? ?, ????????????????????? ???????????
??, ???????? ???, ???????????
5
?????????
??
?????????, ????, ????, ???????????????????????????
? ????? ???????, ????????(????) ?????
???????, ????????( ???) ????? ???????,
????????( ????) ????? ????, ?????(
????) ????? ????, ?????( ???) ????? ????,
?????( ???) ????? ????, ?????( ?????)
6
?????????
??
??????????????, ???????????????? ????????, ????
????????,?????(???) ??,????????,???????(???) ???,
?????? ???, ???????(??) ????, ?????? ????,
???????(??) ????, ???????? ????,
?????????(???) ????, ???? ????, ???? ????,
?????(?????) ????, ??????? ????, ???????
????, ????????(???) ????, ????, ?????(??) ????,
???? ????, ???? ????, ?????(??)
7
????
??
The strong walls of the castle served as a
good defense against the attackers. ??
??????????????????????? ?? ??????????,
????????????????? ????SVO????,?????,???????????,?
??????????????(adj. n.) ,???????(?? ???)
,?????? ????????,?????????????
8
????
??
That dirty old house is an offense to
everyone who lives in the street. ??
????????????????????? ?? ???????,
????????????? ?? ???SVO????, ????,
????,????????????, ????, ????, ??????????????,
??????, ??????
9
????
??
?????????????,?????,??????,?????,???????,??????,??
??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
????,??????? ?????????????,?????,????????????????
???,??????,????????,?????,????,????,?????????,????
??,???????????????,???????????????????,????????,??
??,?????????,?????????????????
10
???????-????
??

????
??
??????
??????(????????????????)
??
????????????????
????
??????????
??????,??????

11
????
??
But now it is realized that supplies of some of
minerals are limited, and it is even possible to
give a reasonable estimate of their expectation
of life, the time it will take to exhaust all
known sources and reserves of these
materials. ?? ????????It is realized that,
it?????, that????????????it is even possible to
??, ??, ??????, the time ?expectation of
life????, ????????, ?time???????????????????,
?????????? A. ????????? B. ??????????????? C.
??????????????????????????? D.
????????????????? ?????????, ???????????????,
???????????????????????????, ????, ??????,
????????????????????
12
????
??
Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth
century, because nowhere in nature is it found
free, owing to its always being combined with
other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for
which it has a strong affinity. ?? ?????????,
?????????????, ???19??????????, ?????????,
??????????, ?????? A. ???19??????? B.
??????????????? C. ??????????????? D.
????????? E. ??????????? ?????????????,
????????? ????????????, ??????,
????????????????, ???19????????
13
????
??
I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the
mail carrier who had been my guide pointed to a
cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused
the money I offered, and rode on. ???????????????
?,??????????????????????,???????????,?????? ?????
????,???????????,???????????????????????,????,????
?,???????
14
????
??
The village of Marlott lay amid the
northen-easten undulations of the beautiful lake
Blakemore or Blackmore aforesaid, an engirdled
and secluded region, for the most part un-trodden
as yet by tourists or landscape-painters, though
within a four hours journey from
London. ??????????????,???????????????????????????
???,???????????????????????????????????????
15
????
??
People were afraid to leave their houses, for
although the police had been ordered to stand by
in case of emergency, they were just as confused
and helpless as anybody else. ???????? A
?????? B ?????????, ???????????? C
??????????????????? ???????, B????, C????,
?A?????, ????????, ???????? ?????????,
????????????, ???????, ?????????????????????
16
????
??
Mr. Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of
what witness believed were three shots. ??
???????????????????????????? ???????,???????,????
??????????
17
??????
???
?????????????????,????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????,???????
?,?????????????????????????????????
?????????,????????,?????????????????????????
18
???????
???
I was beaten up by my father yesterday. ??????????
???? ???????????/?????????? ???????????? ????????/
?K???? ????/?????????
19
?????????
???
???? Large quantities of fuel are used by
modern industry. ??????????? English is spoken
in Britain, the U.S. and some other
countries. ???????????????? Many new
opportunities will be opened up in the course of
time for those with a university
education. ????????????????????????
20
?????????
???
???? He was sent a thank-you letter last
week. ??,???????????? ??????????? To explore the
moons surface, rockets were launched again and
again. ????????,?????????????
21
?????????
???
?????? Care should be taken to see that the
letter is properly addressed. ??????????????? Acc
ount should be taken of the low melting point of
this substance. ??????????????

22
????
???
?------/?????/????
It is considered that-- ??? ? It is generally accepted that--????
It is believed that ???? It is well known that????
It is estimated that??? It is learned that??
It is supposed that--??? It must be pointed out that?? ??
It will be seen that?? It is understood that???
It cannot be denied that???? It has been proved that????
It may be confirmed that???? It may be safely said that??? ????
23
???
?????????

??????????????
???? ????
Most of the questions have been settled
satisfactorily.
??????????????
His house is located on the edge of the city.
??????????
The construction of the bridge will be
completed by the end of this year.
????????????

24
?????????
???

?????
The song was composed by a friend of mine.
?????????????
History is made by the people.
????????.
The explosive was first made and used in China.
???????????????

25
?????????
???

?????????????
He is often sent to do this work.
??????????
The boy was criticized yesterday.
?????????????
Our clothes were soaked with sweat.
????????????
The things have been affected with damp.
??????
They were hit by a natural calamity last year.
????????

26
?????? ??
???
????????????????,?????????????? All the
buildings were destroyed in a big
fire. ??????????????? Peace is desired by
everyone. ????????? Such conduct will be looked
down upon by all sense of decency. ??????????????

27
???????????
???
????(redundancy negation)/????(pleonastic
negation) ????,????,?????????????? ????(?)????
(?)??(?)?????? ???(?)??????? ???(?)?????????
28
???????????
???
????????? ??????,????whether ,if
???????,?????????? ?????(?wonder ,question , ask
,know , think) ,?????????????,????????????? I
asked him if I could not do anything for him.
??????????????? I wonder if/whether we cannot
get any more. ?????????????? Wont you drink
some tea? Will you drink some tea?
29
???????????
???
????????? ??????????????,??????????????,????????
???????????????,?????????????????,?????,??????? M
y mother read the little poem and began to cry.
Buddy , you didnt really write this beautiful
,beautiful poem ! ????????????????
,???????????! If the walls of that room could
speak,what amount of blundering and capricious
cruelty would they not bear witness to !
????????????,????????????????????!
30
???????????
???
?????????? I cant hardly believe it. I cant
but say that Some people just want it all. But
I dont want nothing at all. If I aint got
you. I dont never trust you.
31
???????????
???
????(transferred negation) ???????????????(???????
),??????????????? I dont think (that) you are
right. I think you are not right. ? You are
probably right, but I dont think so.
(periphrasis) It is a fact that you are wrong. I
think so. (seldom used) ???????????,????????? Thi
nk,feel, believe, look/sound as if, expect,
imagine, suppose etc. I dont believe hell come
back tomorrow. I dont suppose Ill trouble you
again. She didnt feel the neighborhood was
friendly. She doesnt look as if she were
drunk.
32
???????????
???
?? We didnt think wed be this
late. ?????????? I cant believe that they are
married. ??????,???????? You mustnt think that
he is a fool. ?????????????
33
???????????
???

I didnt take Joan to swim in the pool today.
I didnt take Joan to swim in the pool today. (I
forgot to do so.)
??????????????
I didnt take Joan to swim in the pool today. (It
was Lucy)
????????????????
I didnt take Joan to swim in the pool today.
(just to see it)
???????????????
I didnt take Joan to swim in the pool today. I
took her to the seaside.)
?????????????????
I didnt take Joan to swim in the pool today. (It
was last week)
????????????????
I didnt take Joan to swim in the pool today. (It
wasnt I but my father)
????????????????

34
???????????
???
He didnt mention it on purpose. He mentioned it
unintentionally. He deliberately didn't mention
it. I havent studied English for two years. I
have studied English for less than two years. I
stopped studying English two years ago. He
didnt go to the clinic to have his wound
dressed. ?????????? ????????????? He didnt go
downtown because his father was
ill. ????,??????? ???,??????????
35
???????????
???
The earth does not move around in an empty
space. The earth moves around but not in an empty
space. In an empty space, the earth doesnt move
around. Certainly I dont teach because teaching
is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I
know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel
compelled to share. ??????????????????????becau
se???????????,?????????????,??????(
because teaching is very easy for me, I dont
teach)???because???????????,????????,???????
?????(I teach, but it isnt because teaching
is easy for me)? ????,??????,?????????????????
??,????????????????,?????????,????????????
36
???????????
???
????, ????????????????????,
???????????????????? ????????,
?????????????????, ????????????????,
????????????, ?????????????????????,
????????????, ????????????
37
????
??
They (the poor) are the first to experience
technological progress as a curse which destroys
the old muscle-power jobs that previous
generations used as a means to fight their way
out of poverty. ?????????, ???????????????????,
?????????????????????, ??????????????????
38
????
??
And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she
had known his mother and the kind of place in
which he was born, and the kind of people among
whom he was born. ????????,?????????????????,?????
????,?????????
39
????
???
?
40
????
????
Transplant surgeons work miracles. They
take organs from one body and integrate them into
another, granting the lucky recipient a longer,
better life. Sadly, every year thousands of other
people are less fortunate, dying while they wait
for suitable organs to be found. The terrible
constraint on organ transplantation is that every
life extended depends on the death of someone
young enough and healthy enough to have organs
worth transplanting.Such donors are few. The
waiting lists are long, and getting longer.
41
????
????
Freedom from this constraint is the dream of
every transplant surgeon. So far attempts to make
artificial organs have been disappointing nature
is hard to mimic. Hence the renewed interest in
trying to use organs from animals.
42
????
????
Doctors in India have just announced that they
have successfully transplanted a heart from a pig
into a person. Pressure to increase the number of
such xenotransplants seems to be growing. In
Europe and America, herds of pigs are being
specially bred and genetically engineered for
organ donation. During 1996 at least two big
reports on the subject -- one in Europe and one
in America -- were published. They agreed that
xenotransplants were permissible on ethical
grounds and cautiously recommended that they be
allowed. America's Food and Drug Administration
has already published draft guidelines for
xenotransplantation.
43
????
????
The ethics of xenotransplantation are
relatively unworrying. People already kill pigs
both for food and for sport killing them to save
a human life seems, if anything, easier to
justify. However, the science of
xenotransplantation is much less straightforward.
44
????
????
?????????????????????????????,?????????,??????
???????????,????????,?????????,??????????????????
,??????????????,??????????????,??????????????????,
??????????????????????????????,????????????????,??
?????????
45
????
????
?????????????????????????????????,???????????,
???????????????????????????????????
46
????
????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
???????,??????,?????????????????????1996?,????????
?????????????(???????,?????????)????????,?????????
?????????,????????????????????????????????????????
????????
47
????
????
????,????????????????????????????????,????????
?,????,??????????,????????????????????
48
????
????